# Germany

| Federal Republic o Germany *Bundesrepublik Deutschland* |
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| **Anthem:Deutschlandlied* (Scots: "Sang o Germany")  |
| Location o  Germany  (dark green)– on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)  —  [Legend] |
| Caipital and largest city | Berlin ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Offeecial leids | German |
| Demonym(s) | German |
| Govrenment | Federal pairlamentary constitutional republic |
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| • Preses  | Frank-Walter Steinmeier |
| • Chancellor  | Olaf Scholz |
| • Vice Chancellor  | Robert Habeck |
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| Legislatur |  |
| • Upper house | Bundesrat |
| • Lower house | Bundestag |
| Formation |
|  |
| • Haly Roman Empire  | 2 Februar 962 |
| • German Confederation  | 8 Juin 1815 |
| • German Empire  | 18 Januar 1871 |
| • Federal Republic  | 23 Mey 1949 |
| • EEC Foondation  | 1 Januar 1958 |
| • Reunification  | 3 October 1990 |
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| Aurie |
| • Total | 357,168 km2 (137,903 sq mi) (63rd) |
| Population |
| • 2019-09-30 estimate |  83,149,300 (19t) |
| • Density | 232/km2 (600.9/sq mi) (58t) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
| • Total | $4.444 trillion (5t) |
| • Per capita | $52,559 (16t) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
| • Tot | $3.863 trillion (4t) |
| • Per capita | $46,653 (16t) |
| Gini (2018) |  31.1 medium |
| HDI (2018) |  0.939 verra heich · 4t |
| Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Drivin side | right |
| Cawin code | 49 |
| ISO 3166 code | DE |
| Internet TLD | .de an .eu |

Territorial organization
**Germany** (German: *Deutschland*, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), offeecially the **Federal Republic o Germany** (German: *Bundesrepublik Deutschland*, listen ), is a federal pairlamentary republic in central-wastren Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area o 357,021 square kilometre (137,847 sq mi), an haes a maistly temperate saisonal climate. Wi aboot 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the maist populous member state o the European Union. Efter the Unitit States, it is the saicont maist popular immigration destination in the warld. Germany's caipital an lairgest metropolis is Berlin, while its mucklest conurbation is the Ruhr (main centres: Dortmund an Essen). Ither major toons include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf an Leipzig.

Various Germanic tribes hae inhabitit the northren pairts o modren Germany syne clessical antiquity. A region named Germanie wis documentit afore 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expandit soothwart. Beginnin in the 10t century, German territories formed a central pairt o the Haly Roman Empire. During the 16t century, northren German regions becam the centre o the Protestant Reformation.

In 1871, Germany becam a nation state whan maist o the German states unified intae the Proushie-dominatit German Empire. Efter Warld War I an the German Revolution o 1918–1919, the Empire wis replaced bi the pairlamentary Weimar Republic. The establishment o the naitional socialist dictatorship in 1933 led tae Warld War II an the Holocaust. Efter a period o Allied occupation, twa German states wis foondit: the Federal Republic o Germany (commonly kent as Wast Germany) an the German Democratic Republic (commonly kent as East Germany). In 1990, the kintra wis reunifee'd.

In the 21st century, Germany is a great pouer an haes the warld's fowerth-lairgest economy bi nominal GDP, as weel as the fift-lairgest bi PPP. As a global leader in several industrial an technological sectors, it is baith the warld's third-lairgest exporter an importer o guids. Germany is a developit kintra wi a gey an heich staundart o livin susteened bi a skilled an productive society. It uphaulds a social security an universal heal care seestem, environmental pertection an a tuition-free varsity eddication.

Germany wis a foondin member o the European Union in 1993. It is pairt o the Schengen Area, an becam a co-foonder o the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member o the Unitit Naitions, NATO, the G8, the G20, an the OECD. The naitional militar expenditur is the 9t heichest in the warld. Kent fir its rich cultural history, Germany haes been continuously the hame o influential airtists, philosophers, muisickers, sportsfowk, entrepreneurs, scientists, ingineers, an inventors.

## Politics

German Pairlament haes twa chambers:

* Bundestag - Pairlament
* Bundesrat - Chamber o federal kintras

## Federal states

Germany haes 16 federal states:

* Baden-Württemberg
* Bavarie
* Berlin
* Brandenburg
* Bremen
* Hamburg
* Hessen
* Lawer Saxony
* Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* North Rhine-Westphalie
* Rhineland-Palatinate
* Saarland
* Saxony
* Saxony-Anhalt
* Schleswig-Holstein
* Thuringie