# Peru

| Republic o Peru * *República del Perú*  (Spaingie)
* *Piruw Republika*  (Quechua)
* *Piruw Suyu*  (Aymara)
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 Coat o airms

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| **Motto:**"Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spaingie) "Firm and Happy for the Union" |
| **Anthem:Himno Nacional del Perú*  (Spaingie) *Naitional Anthem o Peru*  |
| **Naitional seal:Gran Sello del Estado*  (Spaingie) Great Seal o the State |
|  |
| Caipital and largest city | Lima ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Offeecial leidsa | * Spaingie
* Quechua
* Aymara
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| Ethnic groups (2013) | * 45% Amerindian
* 37% Mestizo
* 15% White
* 3% others
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| Releegion (2017) | * 94.51% Christianity
* —76.03% Catholicism
* —18.48% Other Christian
* 5.09% No religion
* 0.40% Other
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| Demonym(s) | Peruvian |
| Govrenment | Unitar semi-presidential republic |
|  |
| • Preses  | Pedro Castillo |
| • Vice Preses  | Dina Boluarte |
| • Prime Meenister  | Aníbal Torres |
| • President o Congress  | Maricarmen Alva |
|  |
| Legislatur | Congress o the Republic |
| Unthirldom frae the Kinrick o Spain |
|  |
| • Declared  | 28 Julie 1821 |
| • Consolidated  | 9 December 1824 |
| • Recognised  | 14 August 1879 |
|  |
| Aurie |
| • Total | 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi) (19t) |
| • Water (%) | 0.41 |
| Population |
| • 2021 estimate | 34,294,231 (44th) |
| • 2017 census | 31,237,385 |
| • Density | 23/km2 (59.6/sq mi) (198th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
| • Total |  $385.719 billion (47th) |
| • Per capita |  $11,516 (103rd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
| • Tot |  $195.761 billion (49th) |
| • Per capita |  $5,845 (86th) |
| Gini (2019) |  41.5 medium |
| HDI (2019) |  0.777 heich · 79th |
| Currency | Sol (PEN) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (PET) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Drivin side | right |
| Cawin code | +51 |
| ISO 3166 code | PE |
| Internet TLD | .pe |

**Peru** (i/pəˈruː/; Spaingie: *Perú* [peˈɾu]; Quechua: *Piruw* [pɪɾʊw]; Aymara: *Piruw* [pɪɾʊw]), officially the **Republic of Peru** (Spaingie: *República del Perú* ), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river. Peru has a population of 34 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1.28 million km2 (0.5 million mi2), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BCE, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in the pre-Columbian Americas, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE.

The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551. Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821, and following the foreign military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar, and the decisive battle of Ayacucho, Peru completed its independence in 1824. In the ensuing years, the country first suffered of political instability until a period of relative economic and political stability begun due to the explotaiton of guano. Later, the War of the Pacific (1879–1884) with Chile brought Peru to a state of crisis from wich the olygarchy seize power through the Civilista Party. In the 20th century, the country endured coups, social unrest, and internal conflicts, as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. In the 1990s, the country implemented a neoliberal economic model which is still in use to this day. As the 2000s commodities boom took place, Peru experienced a period of constant economic growth and a decrease in poverty.

The sovereign state of Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Peru has a high level of human development with an upper middle income level ranking 82nd on the Human Development Index. It is one of the region's most prosperous economies with an average growth rate of 5.9% and it has one of the world's fastest industrial growth rates at an average of 9.6%. Its main economic activities include mining, manufacturing, agriculture and fishing; along with other growing sectors such as telecommunications and
|currency = Sol
|currency\_code = PEN
|time\_zone = PET
|utc\_offset = −5
|date\_format = dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
|drives\_on = right
|calling\_code = +51
|cctld = .pe
|footnote\_a = Quechua, Aymara an ither indigenous leids are co-offeecial in the auries whaur thay predominate.
}}

 Peru
 Machu Picchu
**Peru** is a kintra in wastren Sooth Americae. It is bordered on the north bi Ecuador an Colombie, on the east bi Brazil, on the sootheast bi Bolivie, on the sooth bi Chile, an on the wast bi the Paceefic Ocean. Peru is ane o the maist megadiverse kintras.

Lima is the caipital ceety o the kintra.

The Preses o Peru is Francisco Sagasti.

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