Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Lily

Lilies
*Narcissus poeticus*
The **lily** (*Narcissus*) aften cried the white-lily or yellae-lily efter the colour o the flouer.

* the craw-bell *Narcissus pseudo-narcissus*
# Wikispecies

Wikispecies|  |
| Screenshot o species.wikimedia.org hame page on 3rd May 2011 |
| Teep o steid | Species directory |
| Awner | Wikimedia Foondation |
| Creatit bi | Benedikt Mandl (proponed project in 2004); Jimmy Wales an the Wikimedia community |
| Wabsteid | species.wikimedia.org |
| Commercial | No |
| Registration | Optional |
| Launched | September 14, 2004 (2004-09-14) |

**Wikispecies** is a wiki-based online project supportit bi the Wikimedia Foondation.
# Binomial nomenclatur

**Binomial nomenclature** (forbye cried **binominal nomenclature** or **binary nomenclature**) is a formal seestem o namin species o livin things bi gien ilkane a name componed o twa pairts, baith o whilk uise Laitin grammatical furms, tho thay can be based on wirds frae ither leids. Sic a name is cried a **binomial name** (whilk can be shortened tae juist "binomial"), a **binomen** or a **scienteefic name**; mair informally it is forbye kent as **Laitin name**.
# Corsicae

| Corsicae Corse (FR) Corsica (CO/IT) |
| --- |
| Region o Fraunce |
| Banner |
|  |
| Kintra |  Fraunce |
| Prefectur | Ajaccio |
| Departments |
2
* Haute-Corse
* Corse-du-Sud
 |
| Govrenment |
|  • Preses | Paul Giacobbi (PRG) |
| Area |
|  • Total | 8680 km2 (3,350 sq mi) |
| Population (1 Januar 2008) |
|  • Total | 302,000 |
|  • Density | 35/km2 (90/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
|  • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| GDP (2006) | Rankit {{{GDP\_rank}}} |
| Tot | €7 billion (US${{{GDP\_US$}}} bn) |
| Per capita | €20,300 (US${{{GDP\_per\_capita\_US$}}}) |
| NUTS Region | FR8 |
| Website | www.corse.fr |

**Corsicae** (Corsican: *Corsica*, [ˈkorsiɡa]; also Italian: [ˈkɔrsika]; French: *Corse*, [kɔʁs]) is an island in the Mediterrane Sea. It is locatit wast o Italy, sootheast o the French mainland, an north o the island o Sardinie.

Corsicae is ane o the 27 *regions* o Fraunce, although strictly speakin Corsicae is designatit as a "territorial collectivity" (*collectivité territoriale*) bi law. As a territorial collectivity, it enjoys greater pouers nor ither French *régions*, but for the maist pairt its status is quite similar. Corsicae is referred tae as a "région" in common speech, an is amaist aaways leetit amang the ither *régions* o Fraunce. Although the island is separatit frae the continental mainland bi the Ligurian Sea an is closer tae Italy nor tae the French mainland, politically Corsicae is pairt o Metropolitan Fraunce. It wis ance briefly an unthrilt Corsican Republic, till bein incorporatit intae Fraunce in 1769. Its cultur haes French an Italian elements blendit intae it.

## Freemit airtins
# Azores

| Azores **Açores** |
| --- |
| Autonomous Region |
| Munt Pico an the green laundscape, emblematic o the airchipelago o the Azores |
| BannerCoat airms |
| Etymology: **açor**, Portuguese for the northren goshawk (*Accipiter gentilis*, pt:Açor), a species o raptor |
| Motto(s): Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos (Scots: "Raither dee free nor subjectit in peace") |
| Location o the Azores relative tae Portugal (green) an the rest o the European Union (daurk blue) |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra |  Portugal |
| Autonomous Region |  Azores |
| Region | Atlantic Ocean |
| Subregion | Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| Poseetion | Azores Plateau |
| Settlement | 15 August 1432 |
| Admeenistrative autonomy | c. 1895 |
| Poleetical autonomy | 4 September 1976 |
| Caipitals | Ponta Delgada, Horta, Angra do Heroísmo |
| Municipalities | Calheta, Lagoa, Lajes das Flores, Lajes do Pico, Madalena, Nordeste, Povoação, Praia da Vitória, Ribeira Grande, Santa Cruz da Graciosa, Santa Cruz das Flores, São Roque, Velas, Vila do Corvo, Vila do Porto, Vila Franca do Campo |
| Govrenment |
|  • Preses (Govrenment) | Vasco Cordeiro |
| Area |
|  • Total | 2333 km2 (901 sq mi) |
| Population (2012) |
|  • Total | 245,746 |
|  • Density | 110/km2 (270/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−1 (AZOT) |
|  • Summer (DST) | AZOST (UTC) |
| Postal code | 9XXX-XXX |
| Area code(s) | (+351) 29X XX XX XX |
| HDI (2017) | 0.795 high · 7th |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Drives on the | richt |
| Demonym | Azorean |
| Haliday | 51st day (Monanday) follaein Easter (Dia da Região Autónoma dos Açores) |
| Anthem | *A Portuguesa* (national) *Hino dos Açores* (regional) |
| Currency | Euro (€) |
| Website | www.azores.gov.pt |
| Geografic detail frae CAOP (2010) produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP) |

The Airchipelago o the **Azores** (UK /əˈzɔːrz/ *ə-**ZORZ, US /ˈeɪzɔːrz/ AY**-zorz*; Portuguese: *Açores*, IPA: [ɐˈsoɾɨʃ]) is composed o nine wee volcanic islands situatit in the middle o the North Atlantic Ocean, an is locatit aboot 1,500 km (930 mi) wast frae Lisbon an aboot 3,900 km (2,400 mi) east frae the east coast o North Americae. The islands, an their economic exclusion zone, form the **Autonomous Region o the Azores**, ane o the twa autonomous regions o Portugal. Its main industries are: agricultur, dairy fermin (for cheese an butter products primarily), minor livestock ranchin, fishin an tourism, whilk is becomin the major service activity in the region; eikit tae whilk, the govrenment o the Azores employs a lairge percentage o the population directly or indirectly in mony aspects o the service an tertiary sectors.
# Canary Islands

| Canary Islands Islas Canarias |
| --- |
| Autonomous commonty |
| Munt Teide on Tenerife, the heichest muntain in Spainie, is ane o the maist visitit Naitional Pairks in the warld an aw. |
| BannerCoat airms |
| Location o Canary Islands |
| Coordinates: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kintra | Spainie |
| Caipital | Santa Cruz an Las Palmas |
| Govrenment |
|  • Preses | Paulino Rivero (CC) |
| Area(1.5% of Spain; Rankit 13t) |
|  • Total | 7493 km2 (2,893 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) |
|  • Total | 2,117,519 |
|  • Density | 280/km2 (730/sq mi) |
|  • Pop. rank | 8t |
|  • Ethnic groups | 85.7% Spaingie (Canarian an Peninsulares) 14.3% foreign naitionals mainly Germans Breetish |
| Demonym |
| Anthem | Hymn of the Canaries |
| Offeecial leid(s) | Spaingie |
| Statute o Autonomy | 16 August 1982 |
| Parliament | Cortes Generales |
| Congress seats | 15 (o 350) |
| Senate seats | 13 (o 264) |
| Website | **Gobierno de Canarias** |

The **Canary Islands** (Spaingie: *Islas Canarias*, [ˈizlas kaˈnaɾjas], [ˈihlah kaˈnaɾjas]), kent as the **Canaries** (Spaingie: *Canarias*) an aw, is a Spainish airchipelago locatit juist aff the northwast coast o mainland Africae, 100 km wast o the border atween Morocco an the Wastren Sahara. The Canaries are a Spaingie autonomous commonty an an ootermaist region o the European Union. The islands include (frae lairgest tae smawest): Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro, La Graciosa, Alegranza, Isla de Lobos, Montaña Clara, Roque del Este an Roque del Oeste. The Canary Islands are legally recognizit as a *naitionality* o Spain. Geographically it is a pairt o the African Continent.

### Neebours

* Madeira
* Sahara

## See an aw

* Leet o islands
* Pedro de Betancur
* José de Anchieta
* Amaro Pargo

## Freemit airtins

* Canary Islands Govrenment
* Offeecial Tourism Wabsteid o the Canary Islands Archived 2015-05-06 at the Wayback Machine

Template:EU Ootermaist regions
Template:Islands an provinces o the Canary Islands
# Leaf

The leafs o a Beech tree
A **leaf** is an organ o a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, an in particular in plant morphology. **Fulyierie** is a mass noun that refers tae leafs as a featur o plants.

Teepically a leaf is a thin, flattened organ borne abuin the grund an specialized for photosynthesis, but mony types o leafs is adaptit in weys naur unrecognisable in thae terms: some arenae flat (for insaumple, mony succulent leafs an conifers), some arenae abuin the grund (like bulb scales), an some dinna hae major photosynthetic function (consider for insaumple cataphylls, spines, an cotyledons).

Conversely, mony structurs o non-vascular plants, or even o some lichens, that isnae plants at aw (in the sense o bein members o the kinrick Plantae), dae leuk an function a fair bit lik leafs. Furthermair, several structurs foond in vascular plants leuk lik leafs but arenae actually leafs; thay differ frae leafs in thair structurs an origins. Insaumples include phyllodes, cladodes, an phylloclades.
# Alcohol

In chemistry, an **alcohol** is an organic compoond in which the hydroxyl functional group (-O H) is boond tae a carbon atom. The term alcohol oreeginally referred tae the primar alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), that is uised as a drog an is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages.

The suffix *-ol* appears in the IUPAC chemical name o aw substances whaur the hydroxyl group is the functional group wi the heichest priority; in substances whaur a heicher priority group is present the prefix *hydroxy-* will appear in the International Union o Pure an Applee'd Chemistry (IUPAC) name. The suffix *-ol* in nan-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) an aa teepically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group an, sae, can be termed an alcohol. But mony substances, pairticularly succars (ensaumples glucose an sucrose) conteen hydroxyl functional groups withoot uisin the suffix. An important cless o alcohols, o that methanol an ethanol are the semplest members is the saturatit straicht cheen alcohols, the general formula for that is CnH2n+1OH.
# PubMed Central

PubMed Central| Producer | Unitit States Naitional Librar o Medicine (Unitit States) |
| Access |
| Cost | Free |
| Coverage |
| Disciplines | Medicine |
| Record depth | Index, abstract & full-text |
| Format coverage | Jurnal airticles |
| Links |
| * Website
* Title list
 |

**PubMed Central** (**PMC**) is a free deegital repository that airchives publicly accessible full-text scholarly airticles that hae been published within the biomedical an life sciences jurnal leeteratur.
# Encyclopedia of Life

Encyclopedia of Life|  |
| Teep o steid | Encyclopedia |
| Available in | 18 leids
Malay German English Spaingie French Galician Dutch Norsk bokmal Occitan Brazilian Portuguese Swadish Tagalog Macedonie Serbie Arabic Cheenese(simplifee'd an tradeetional) Korean |
| Creatit bi | Field Museum Harvard University MacArthur Foundation Marine Biological Laboratory Missouri Botanical Garden Sloan Foundation Smithsonian Institution |
| Wabsteid | eol.org |
| Alexa rank |  57,646 (Julie 2016) |
| Commercial | No |
| Registration | Optional |
| Launched | Template:Launch date |
| Current status | Active |

The **Encyclopedia of Life** (**EOL**; Scots: Encyclopaedia o Life) is a free, online collaborative encyclopaedia intendit tae document aw o the 1.9 million leevin speshies kent tae science.
# Biogeografie

Frontispiece tae Alfred Russel Wallace's beuk *The Geographical Distribution of Animals*
**Biogeografie** is the study o the distribution o species an ecoseestems in geografic space an throu geological time.
# Paleontology

**Paleontology** or **palaeontology** (/ˌpeɪlɪɒnˈtɒlədʒi/, /ˌpeɪlɪənˈtɒlədʒi/ or /ˌpælɪɒnˈtɒlədʒi/, /ˌpælɪənˈtɒlədʒi/) is the scienteefic study o life existent prior tae, but whiles includin, the stairt o the Holocene Epoch.
# Biology

**Biologie** is the science o life (frae the Greek wirds *βιos* meanin "life" an *λoγos*, meanin "raesoned accoont"). It is concernt wi the chairacteristics an laits o aw craiturs, the wey speshie an individuals comes til exeest, leeve, an the interactions thay hae wi ilk ither an wi the environs. Biologie encompasses a braid spectrum o academic fields that's aften seen as thair ain disciplines. Thegither, thay study life ower a braid reenge o schuils.

## Gallery

* Animalia – Bos primigenius taurus
* Planta – Triticum
* Fungi – Morchella esculenta
* Stramenopila/Chromista – Fucus serratus
* Bacteria – Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)
* Archaea – Halobacteria
* Virus – Gamma phage
# Auncient Greek

**Auncient Greek** is the furm o Greek uised during the periods o time spannin the 9t – 6t century BC (kent as Archaic), the 5t – 4t century BC (Classical), an the 3rd century BC – 6t century AD (Hellenistic) in auncient Greece an the auncient warld.
# Scienteefic method

The scienteefic method as a cyclic or iterative process
The **scienteefic method** is a bouk o techniques for investigatin phenomena, acquirin new knawledge, or correctin an integratin previous knawledge. Tae be termed scienteefic, a method o inquiry is commonly based on empirical or meisurable evidence subject tae speceefic principles o raisonin. The Oxford Dictionaries Online define the scienteefic method as "a method or procedur that haes chairacterised naitural science syne the 17t century, conseestin in seestematic observation, meisurment, an experiment, an the formulation, testin, an modification o hypotheses". Experiments need tae be designed tae test hypotheses. The maist important pairt o the scienteefic method is the experiment.

## Further readin

* Ziman, John (2000). Real Science: what it is, and what it means. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Fraassen, Bas C. van, The Scientific Image, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980.

* An Introduction to Science: Scientific Thinking and a scientific method Archived 2018-01-01 at the Wayback Machine by Steven D. Schafersman.
* Introduction to the scientific method
* Theory-ladenness bi Paul Newall at The Galilean Library
* Lecture on Scientific Method by Greg Anderson
* Using the scientific method for designing science fair projects
* *Scientific Methods* an online book by Richard D. Jarrard
* Richard Feynman on the Key to Science
* Lectures on the Scientific Method bi Nick Josh Karean, Kevin Padian, Michael Shermer and Richard Dawkins
# Science

**Science** (frae the Laitin *scio*, meanin "tae ken") is a wey tae find oot things. Whiles the wird "science" is uised for tae refer tae the knawledge that is fund uisin the methods o science.

Fowk that daes science is cried scientists. Scientists study things bi leukin at them awfu tentily, bi meisurin them, an bi daein experiments an tests. Scientists tries tae expleen why things acts the wey thay dae, an is the wey thay are.

### Scientific method

The "scientific method" is the name gien tae the methods uised in science for tae lairn things. The scientific method can be awfu uisefu.

The main featurs o the scientific method is:

* The scientific method is a "trial an error" prattick.
* The scientific method lippens on data.
* The product o the scientific process is something cried a "theory".

Maist fowk accepts the scientific method as the maist reliable wey for tae ken aboot naitur, the universe, an the human bouk.

### Ither featurs o science

Aw theories is anerly acceptit sae lang as thay are the best explanation for the data that exeests. Whan theories disnae expleen the data ony mair, thay are discardit an replaced.

Scientists compete wi ilk ither. Scientists checka ilk ither's wark. Scientists tries tae mak better explanations for the data.

Scientists publishes thair wark in peer-reviewed jurnals.

Science is a wey for tae learn aboot things bi discardin whit isna true.

Scientists maun be gey canny tae mak explanations that fits weel wi whit thay observe an meisur. Thay compete tae fend better explanations. An explanation micht be interestin or pleasin, but if it daesn gree wi whit ither scientists really sees an meisurs, thay will try tae find a better explanation.

Ither scientists checks thair ideas for tae see if the real observations, meisurments, an tests shaws if thay are richt or wrang. Peer review an repeatin experiments is the ae wey tae be shuir the knawledge is richt.

Science maks models o naitur, models o oor universe, an medicine. Thare's mony sindry sciences wi thair ain names. Houaniver it isna richt tae say "science says" ony ae thing. Science is a process, no juist the facts an rules believed at ae time.

## Some types o science

### Biological sciences

* Biology
* Pheesiology
* Ecology
* Botany

### Pheesical sciences

* Astronomy
* Chemistry
* Naitural philosophy
* Yird science

* Oceanography
* Wather
* Geology

### Social sciences

* Psychology
* Sociology
* Anthropology

## Fields related tae science

* Mathematics
* Computer science
* Statistics
* Ingineerin
* Medicine
# Taxon

African elephants form the genus *Loxodonta*, a widely acceptit taxon.
In biology, a **taxon** (plural **taxa**) is a group o ane or mair populations o an organism or organisms seen bi taxonomists tae form a unit.
# Anatomy

Mondino dei Liuzzi, *Anathomia*, 1541
**Anatomy** is the study o the structur o animals an thair pairts, an is forby refert tae as zootomy fur tae saiprit it frae human anatomy.
# Physiology

**Physiology** (frae Auncient Greek φύσις *(physis)*, meanin 'naitur, origin', an -λογία *(-logia)*, meanin 'study o') is the scienteefic study o the normal function in livin seestems.
# Behaviour

**Behaviour** is the range o actions an mannerisms made bi organisms, seestems, or airtificial entities in conjunction wi themselves or thair environment, which includes the ither seestems or organisms aroond as well as the (inanimate) pheesical environment.
# Geographie

**Geographie** (or **geography**) is the scientific studie o the locational an spatial variation o baith physical an human phenomena on the Yird. The wird cums frae the Greek wirds γη or γεια ("Yird") an γραφειν ("ti descrieve" an "ti scrieve,").

Geographie is an aw-encompassin discipline that seeks an unnerstaunin o the Yird an its human an natural complexities—nae anely whaur objects are, but hou thay hae chynged an come tae be an aw. Whiles geographie is specific tae the Yird, mony concepts kin be pit mair broadly tae ither celestial bodies in the field o planetary science. Geographie haes been cawed "a brig atween natural science an social science disciplines."

## Soorces

## See forby

* Cairt
# Ecologie

Ecologie is the study o the warkins o life on the planet Yird.
**Ecologie**, or **ecological science**, is the scienteific study o the deistribution an rowth o leivin organisms an the wey that thir properties is affectit bi interactions atween the organisms an thair environs. The environs o an organism includes baith the pheesical properties, them that can be descrieved as the soum o local abiotic factors like climate an geologie, as weel as the ither organisms that shares its habitat. The wird *oekologie* wis cleckit in 1866 bi the German biologist, Ernst Haeckel, frae the Greek *oikos* meanin "hoosehauld" an *logos* meanin "study"; that is, the "study o the hoosehauld o naitur".
biology is as well the study of the human body or focile this is known as geology
# Ernst Mayr

Mayr (1994)
**Ernst Walter Mayr** (5 Julie 1904 – 3 Februar 2005) wis a German-born American evolutionary biologist, ane o the maist important o the 20t century. His wark contributed tae the development o the biological species concept.
# Auncient Greece

**Auncient Greece** wis a Greek civilisation belangin tae a period o Greek history that lastit frae the Archaic period o the 8t tae 6t centuries BC tae the end o antiquity (ca. 600 AD).

Aw throu the 18ct century, Auncient Greek an Rouman cultur (affen cryed Clessical Culture) wis muckle admired in Scotland bi the educatit an upper clesses, an thay attemptit tae copy a wheen ideas. This scweel o thocht is mirrart in, for instance, the airchitectur o gran kintra an public biggins that haed intil them Greek columns an Roman facades. The Scots leid wis noo compared wi the ‘Doric’ spik o auncient Greece (spoken in *Doria*) file Inglis became associate wi ‘Attic’ (the leid o the city states).
# Invertebrate

**Invertebrates** is ony animal species that disnae hae nor develop a vertebral column, derived frae the notochord. Exemples o invertebrates incluid the molluscs, sic as seechs an snails, arthropods, consistin o arachnids, crustaceans an insects, an cnidarians lik coral an loch-livers, amang mony mair taxa.
# Cetacea

| Cetaceans Temporal range: 53.5–0 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N

Early Eocene – Present |
| --- |
|  |
| Humpback whaul breachin |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Suborder: | Whippomorpha |
| Infraorder: | **Cetacea** Brisson, 1762 |
| Suborders |
|
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
†Archaeoceti
*(see text for faimilies)* |
| Diversity |
| Aroond 88 species. |

The order **Cetacea** /sᵻˈteɪʃⁱə/ includes the marine mammals that ar for ordinar kent as whauls, dowphins, an porpoises.
# Shairk

| Sharks Temporal range: Ludfordian-Present, 425–0 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N |
| --- |
|  |
| Clockwise frae tap left: spiny dugfish, Japanese sawshark, whaul shairk, great white shairk, horn shairk, frilled shairk, scalloped haimerheid an Australian angelshairk representin the orders Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, Heterodontiformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes an Squatiniformes respectively. |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subcless: | Elasmobranchii |
| Infracless: | Euselachii |
| Superorder: | **Selachimorpha** |
| Orders |
|
Carcharhiniformes
Heterodontiformes
Hexanchiformes
Lamniformes
Orectolobiformes
Pristiophoriformes
Squaliformes
Squatiniformes
† Cladoselachiformes
† Hybodontiformes
† Symmoriida
† Xenacanthida (Xenacantiformes)
† *Elegestolepis*
† = extinct |
| Synonyms |
| Pleurotremata |

**Shairks** (superorder *Selachimorpha*) is a kynd o fish wi a skelet that's hailly cartilaginous an wi a gey an streamlined bouk. The earliest kent shairks dates frae mair nor 420 million year syne, afore the time o the dinosaurs.

* Sea dug (*Galeorhinus galeus*)
* Sail-fish, muldoan, or cairban (*Cetorhinus maximus*)

Alex
# Theophrastus

Statue o Theophrastus, Orto botanico di Palermo
**Theophrastus** (/ˌθiːəˈfræstəs/; Greek: Θεόφραστος; c. 371 – c. 287 BC), a Greek native o Eresos in Lesbos, wis the successor tae Aristotle in the Peripatetic schuil.

*Historia plantarum*, 1549
# Middle Ages

In European history, the **Middle Ages**, or **Medieval period**, lastit frae the 5t tae the 15t century. It began wi the clyte o the Wastren Roman Empire an merged intae the Renaissance an the Age o Diskivery. The Middle Ages is the middle period o the three tradeetional diveesions o Wastren history: Antiquity, Medieval period, an Modren period. The Medieval period is hitsel subdividit til the Early, the Heich, an the Late Middle Ages.