Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Sundial

A **sundial** meisurs solar time. It daes this acause the sun seems tae muive athort the lift. It merks the times o the day a shaidae is cuist on merkit pynts o the sundial. A body merks the sundial wi the time that the shaidae wis cuist. Ye can syne see the time. Thare's a few common sundial kynds sic as the plain yaird sundial. Houaniver, sundials can be biggit onygate whaur a stelt object cuists an expectit shaidae. Sundials can shaw - the time, the date, the time tae sundoun an the time frae the keek o day.

Auncient Egyp haed sundials. Ither culturs developed thaim further, includin the Greeks and Romans.

## Other pages

* Time
# Solar System

The **solar system** includes the Sun an aw the objects that revolve aroond it, including planetoids, comets, muins, planets, an droich-planets (Mercur, Venus, Yird, Maurs, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, an Neptune). Pluto isnae ranked as a planet ony mair.

Ither starns an the objects that revolve roond aboot them is aften referit tae as planetary systems. When speaking aboot a specific starn's planetary system, it is usual tae shorten it tae "the <name> system" (e.g. "the Alpha Centauri system", "the Barnard system", or "the Sol system").

## See anaw

* Astronomie

## Fremmit airtins

* Solarviews (sichts o the solar system - no in Scots, but wi a choice atween 5 ither leids)
* Innin tae the solar seestem Archived 2007-12-11 at the Wayback Machine (juist in French)
* The solar system Archived 2016-12-17 at the Wayback Machine (NASA/JPL wabsteid, juist in Inglis)
# Ceres (dwarf planet)

Ceres | A view o Ceres in naitural colour, picturt bi the *Dawn* spacecraft in Mey 2015. |
| Discovery |
| Discovered bi | Giuseppe Piazzi |
| Discovery date | 1 Januar 1801 |
| Designations |
| MPC designation | **1 Ceres** |
| Pronunciation | /ˈsɪəriːz/ SEER**-eez* |
| Named after | Cerēs |
| Alternative names | A899 OF; 1943 XB |
| Minor planet category | dwarf planet main belt |
| Adjectives | Cererian /sɨˈrɪəri.ən/ or Cererean /sɛrɨˈriːən/ |
| Orbital chairactereestics |
| Epoch 2013-Nov-04 (JD 7006245660050000000♠2456600.5) |
| Aphelion | 7011445280000000000♠445280000 km (7011445278062138550♠2.9765 AU) |
| Perihelion | 7011382520000000000♠382520000 km (7011382521755379899♠2.5570 AU) |
| Semi-major axis | 7011413910000000000♠413910000 km (7011413907388652760♠2.7668 AU) |
| Eccentricity | 6998757970000000000♠0.075797 |
| Orbital period | 4.60 yr 1680.99 d |
| Synodic period | 466.7 d 1.278 yr |
| Average orbital speed | 7004178820000000000♠17.882 km/s |
| Mean anomaly | 6999184254409133041♠10.557° |
| Inclination | 6999184882727663759♠10.593° tae Ecliptic 9.20° tae Invariable plane |
| Longitude o ascendin node | 7000140198110022500♠80.3276° |
| Argument o perihelion | 7000126173516818099♠72.2921° |
| Satellites | None |
| Proper orbital elements |
| Proper semi-major axis | 7000276709620000000♠2.7670962 AU |
| Proper eccentricity | 6999116197700000000♠0.1161977 |
| Proper inclination | 6999168379107187070♠9.6474122° |
| Proper mean motion | 78.193318 deg / yr |
| Proper orbital period | 4.60397 yr (1681.601 d) |
| Precession o perihelion | 7001540702720000000♠54.070272 arcsec / yr |
| Precession of the ascending node | 2998408299660000000♠−59.170034 arcsec / yr |
| Pheesical chairacteristics |
| Mean radius | 476.2 ± ?? km |
| Equatorial radius | 7005487300000000000♠487.3±1.8 km |
| Polar radius | 7005454700000000000♠454.7±1.6 km |
| Surface area | 7012285000000000000♠2850000 km2 |
| Mass | 7020943000000000000♠(9.43±0.07)×1020 kg, 9.47±??
6996150000000000000♠0.00015 Yirds 0.0128 Muins |
| Mean density | 7003207700000000000♠2.077±0.036 g/cm3, 2.09±?? |
| Surface gravity | 0.28 m/s2 0.029 *g* |
| Escape velocity | 0.51 km/s |
| Sidereal rotation period | 7004326678400000000♠0.3781 d 7004326670120000000♠9.074170±0.000002 h |
| Axial tilt | ≈ 3° |
| North pole right ascension | 19h 24m 291° |
| North pole declination | 59° |
| Albedo | 6998900000000000000♠0.090±0.0033 (V-band geometric) |
|

| Surface temp. | min | mean | max |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kelvin | ? | ≈ 168 K | 235 K |

 |
| Spectral teep | C |
| Apparent magnitude | 6.64 tae 9.34 |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 7000336000000000000♠3.36±0.02 |
| Angular diameter | 0.854″ to 0.339″ |
|  |

**Ceres** (minor-planet designation **1 Ceres**; seembol: ) /ˈsɪəriːz/ (SEER**-eez*) is the lairgest object in the asteroid belt, which lies atween the orbits o Maurs an Jupiter.
# Mercur (planet)

**Mercur** (seembol: ) is the smawest an closest tae the Sun o the aicht planets in the Solar Seestem, wi an orbital period o aboot 88 Yird days. Seen frae the Yird, it appears tae muive aroond its orbit in aboot 116 days, which is much faster than ony ither planet. This rapid motion mey hae led tae it bein named efter the Roman deity Mercur, the fast-flyin messenger tae the gods. Acause it haes almaist na atmosphere tae retain heat, Mercur's surface experiences the greatest temperatur variation o aw the planets, rangin frae 100 K (−173 °C; −280 °F) at nicht tae 700 K (427 °C; 800 °F) durin the day at some equatorial regions. The poles are constantly belaw 180 K (−93 °C; −136 °F). Mercur's axis haes the smawest tilt o ony o the Solar Seestem's planets (aboot ​1⁄30 o a degree), but it haes the lairgest orbital eccentricity. At aphelion, Mercur is aboot 1.5 times as far frae the Sun as it is at perihelion. Mercur's surface is hivily cratered an seemilar in appearance tae the Muin, indicatin that it haes been geologically inactive for billions o years.

Mercur daes nae experience saisons in the same wey as maist ither planets, sic as the Yird. It is locked sae it rotates in a wey that is unique in the Solar Seestem. As seen relative tae the fixed starns, it rotates exactly three times for every twa revolutions it maks aroond its orbit. As seen frae the Sun, in a frame o reference that rotates wi the orbital motion, it appears tae rotate anly ance every twa Mercurian years. An observer on Mercur wad tharefore see anly ane day every twa year.

Acause Mercur's orbit lies within Yird's orbit (as daes Venus's), it can appear in Yird's sky in the mornin or the evenin, but nae in the middle o the nicht. An aa, lik Venus an the Muin, it displays a complete range o phases as it moves aroond its orbit relative tae the Yird. Awtho Mercur can appear as a very bricht object whan viewed frae Yird, its proximity tae the Sun maks it mair difficult tae see than Venus.

## Freemit airtins

* Mariner 10 Atlas o Mercury – NASA Archived 2011-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
* Mercury nomenclature an cairt wi feature names frae the USGS planetary nomenclature page
* MESSENGER Mission wab steid
* Mercur QuickMap frae MESSENGER wab steid Archived 2016-05-20 at the Wayback Machine
* SolarViews.com – Mercury
* Astronomy Cast: Mercury
* Geody Mercur Warld's sairch ingine that supports NASA Warld Wind, Celestia, an ither applications.
* A Day On Mercury Archived 2016-04-16 at the Wayback Machine flash animation
* Mercur airticles in Planetary Science Research Discoveries
* 'BepiColombo', ESA's Mercury Mission 5 Juin 2013
* Bauer, Amanda (2009). "Mercury". *Sixty Symbols*. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham. Archived frae the original on 9 Mairch 2016. Retrieved 30 Juin 2013. Unknown parameter `|coauthors=` ignored (`|author=` suggested) (help)
* MESSENGER False Color Mercur Globe Spin - APOD