Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Embryophyte

| Laund plants Temporal range: Mid Ordovician–Present (Spores from Dapingian (early Middle Ordovician))
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| --- |
|  |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | **Embryophytes** Engler, 1892 |
| Diveesions |
| * **Non-vascular laund plants (bryophytes)**
	+ Marchantiophyta – liverworts
	+ Bryophyta – mosses
	+ Anthocerotophyta – hornworts
	+ †Horneophytopsida
* **Vascular plants (tracheophytes)**
	+ †Rhyniophyta – rhyniophytes
	+ †Zosterophyllophyta – zosterophylls
	+ Lycopodiophyta – clubmosses
	+ †Trimerophytophyta – trimerophytes
	+ Pteridophyta – ferns an horsetails
	+ **Seed plants (spermatophytes)**
		- †Pteridospermatophyta – seed ferns
		- Pinophyta – conifers
		- Cycadophyta – cycads
		- Ginkgophyta – ginkgo
		- Gnetophyta – gnetae
		- Magnoliophyta – flouerin plants

---

Traditional groups:
* Bryophyta\*
* Pteridophyta\*
* Gymnospermae\*
* Angiospermae
 |
| Synonyms |
| * Cormophyta Endlicher, 1836
* Phyta Barkley, 1939
* Cormobionta Rothmaler, 1948
* Euplanta Barkley, 1949
* Telomobionta Takhtajan, 1964
* Embryobionta Cronquist et al. 1966
* Metaphyta Whittaker, 1969
* Plantae Margulis, 1971
 |

The **Embryophyta** or **Metaphyta**, are the maist familiar subkingdom o green plants that furm vegetation on yird. The embryophytes include hornworts, liverworts, mosses, ferns an thair allies, gymnosperms an flouerin plants, but exclude the green algae. The Embryophyta are informally cried **land plants** acause thay live primarily in terrestrial habitats, while the relatit green algae are primarily aquatic. Aw are complex multicellular eukaryotes wi specialised reproductive organs. The name derives frae thair innovative characteristic o nurturin the young embryo sporophyte durin the early stages o its multicellular development within the tissues o the parent gametophyte. Wi very few exceptions, embryophytes obtain thair energy bi photosynthesis, that is bi uisin the energy o sunlicht tae synthesize thair fuid frae carbon dioxide an watter.
# Vascular plant

| Vascular plants |
| --- |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Embryophytes |
| *Clade*: | Polysporangiophytes |
| *Clade*: | **Tracheophytes** Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 |
| **Divisions** † Extinct |
| * Non-seed-bearing plants
	+ †*Cooksonia*
	+ †Rhyniophyta
	+ †Zosterophyllophyta
	+ Lycopodiophyta
	+ †Trimerophytophyta
	+ Pteridophyta
	+ †Progymnospermophyta
* Superdivision Spermatophyta
	+ †Pteridospermatophyta
	+ Pinophyta
	+ Cycadophyta
	+ Ginkgophyta
	+ Gnetophyta
	+ Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta)
 |

**Vascular plants** (frae Laitin *vasculum*: duct), cried **tracheophytes** (frae the equivalent Greek term *trachea*) or **heicher plants** an aa, form a muckle group o plants that are defined as thae land plants that hae lignified tishies (the xylem) for conductin watter an minerals oothrou the plant. Thay forby hae a specialised non-lignified tishie (the phloem) tae conduct products o photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, *horsetails*, ferns, gymnosperms (includin conifers) an angiosperms (flouerin plants). Scienteefic names for the group include Tracheophyta an Tracheobionta.
# Spermatophyte

| Seed plants Temporal range: Carboniferous? or earlier tae present, 319–0 Ma
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| --- |
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| Scots pine, *Pinus sylvestris*, a member o the Pinophyta |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | **Spermatophytes** |
| **Diveesions** |
| * Cycadophyta
* Ginkgophyta
* Pinophyta
* Gnetophyta
* Angiospermae
* Pteridospermatophyta†
 |
| Synonyms |
| * Equisetopsida sensu lato
* Phanerogamae
* Phaenogamae
 |

The **spermatophytes** (frae the Greek wird "Σπερματόφυτα") (kent as **phanerogams** an aw) comprise those plants that produce seeds. Thay are a subset o the embryophytes or land plants.
# Flouerin plant

| Flouerin plants Temporal range: Early Cretaceous – present, 130–0 Ma
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Possible Early Jurassic record |
| --- |
|  |
| Diversity o angiosperms |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | **Angiosperms** |
| Groups (APG IV) |
| *†Nanjinganthus*?
Basal angiosperms
* Amborellales
* Nymphaeales
* Austrobaileyales

Core angiosperms
* magnoliids
* Chloranthales
* monocots
* Ceratophyllales
* eudicots
 |
| Synonyms |
| * Anthophyta Cronquist
* Angiospermae Lindl.
* Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.
* Magnolicae Takht.
 |

The **flouerin plants** (**angiosperms**), kent as **Angiospermae** Lindl. or **Magnoliophyta** an aa, are the maist diverse group o land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producin plants lik the gymnosperms an can be distinguished frae the gymnosperms bi a series o synapomorphies (derived characteristics). Thir characteristics include flouers, endosperm within the seeds, an the production o fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosur; thay are fruitin plants, altho mair commonly referred tae as flouerin plants.
# Monocotyledon

| Monocotyledons Temporal range: Early Cretaceous – Recent
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| --- |
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| Wheat – an economically important monocotyledon |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | **Monocots** |
| Teep genus |
| *Lilium* L. |
| Orders |
| * alismatid monocots

* Acorales
* Alismatales

* lilioid monocots

* Asparagales
* Dioscoreales
* Liliales
* Pandanales
* Petrosaviales

* commelinid monocots

* Arecales
* Commelinales
* Poales
* Zingiberales
 |
| Synonyms |
| * Alternifoliae Bessey
* Endogenae DC.
* Lilianae Takht.
* Liliatae  Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.
* Liliidae Takht.
* Liliopsida Batsch
* Monocotyleae Eichler
* Monocotyledoneae E.Morren ex Mez
* Mononocotyledones
 |

**Monocotyledons**, kent as **monocots** an aa, are ane o twa major groups o flouerin plants (or angiosperms) that are tradeetionally recognised, the ither bein dicotyledons, or dicots. Monocot seedlings teepically hae ane cotyledon (seed-leaf), in contrast tae the twae cotyledons teepical o dicots. Monocots hae been recognised at various taxonomic ranks, an unner monie different names. The APG III seestem recognises a clade cried "monocots" but daes nae assign it tae a taxonomic rank.
# Asparagales

| Asparagales Temporal range: Upper Cretaceous– Recent
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| --- |
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| *Asparagus officinalis* |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | **Asparagales** Link |
| Teep genus |
| *Asparagus* L. |
| Faimilies |
|

Faimilies
* Amaryllidaceae 74
* Asparagaceae 75
* Asphodelaceae 73
* Asteliaceae 65
* Blandfordiaceae 64
* Boryaceae 63
* Doryanthaceae 69
* Hypoxidaceae 67
* Iridaceae 71
* Ixioliriaceae 70
* Lanariaceae 66
* Orchidaceae 62
* Tecophilaeaceae 68
* Xeronemataceae 72
*sensu* LAPG
 |
| Synonyms |
| * Asparagales Bromhead
* Iridales Dumortier
 |

**Asparagales** is the name o an order o plants, uised in modren classification seestems such as the APG III seestem (which is uised throughoot this airticle). The order taks its name frae the faimily Asparagaceae an is placed in the monocots. The order haes anly recently been recognized in classification seestems. It wis first put forrit bi Huber in 1977 and later taken up in the Dahlgren seestem o 1985. Afore this, mony o its faimilies wur assigned tae the auld order Liliales: a very muckle order containin almaist aw monocots wi colourful tepals a wioot starch in thair endosperm. DNA sequence analysis indicatit that Liliales should be dividit intae at least Liliales, Asparagales an Dioscoreales. The boondaries o the Asparagales an o its faimilies hae unnergone a series o chynges in recent years; future research mey lead tae further chynges an ultimately greater stability.

## Freemit airtins

 Data relatit tae Asparagales at Wikispecies
# Amaryllidaceae

| Amaryllidaceae |
| --- |
|  |
| *Amaryllis belladonna* |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Faimily: | **Amaryllidaceae** J.St.-Hil. |
| Subfaimilies |
| * Agapanthoideae
* Allioideae
* Amaryllidoideae
 |

The **Amaryllidaceae** are a faimily o herbaceous, perennial an bulbous flouerin plants includit in the monocot order Asparagales. The faimily taks its name frae the genus *Amaryllis*, hence the common name o the **amaryllis faimily**.
# Carolus Linnaeus

A pictur o Carolus Linnaeus
**Carl Linnaeus**, kent as as **Carl von Linné** aifter his ennoblement an aw (listen ), an him that wrat unner the Laitin name **Carolus Linnaeus** (23 Mey, 1707 – 10 Januar, 1778), wis a Swaddish botanist that laid the foonds for the modren scheme o taxonomy. He is conseidered ane o the faithers o modren ecology an aa (see History o ecology).

## Fremmit airtins

* Linnaeus Botanical GairdenArchived 2014-04-13 at the Wayback Machine
* Biography Archived 2005-12-23 at the Wayback Machine at the Department o Systematic Botany, Varsity o Uppsala
* Biography Archived 2003-12-02 at the Wayback Machine at The Linnean Associe o Lunnon
* Biography at the Varsity o Californie Museum o Paleontology
# Perennial plant

Common chicory, *Cichorium intybus*, is a herbaceous perennial plant
A **perennial plant** or simply **perennial** (frae Laitin  *per*, meanin 'through', an  *annus*, meanin 'year') is a plant that lives for mair nor twa year. The term is aften uised tae differentiate a plant frae shorter-lived annuals an biennials. The term is widely uised tae distinguish plants wi awee or na widdy growth frae trees an shrubs, whilk is technically perennials an aa.
# JSTOR

JSTOR|  |
| Screenshot |
| Teep o steid | Deegital librar |
| Available in | Inglis (includes content in ither leids) |
| Awner | ITHAKA |
| Creatit bi | Andrew W. Mellon Foundation |
| Wabsteid | jstor.org |
| Alexa rank |  2,674 (October 2016) |
| Registration | Yes |
| Launched | 1995 (1995) |
| Current status | Active |
| OCLC nummer | 46609535  |

**JSTOR** (short for *Journal Storage*) is a deegital librar foondit in 1995. Oreeginally conteenin deegitised back issues o academic jurnals, it nou an aa includes beuks an primar soorces, an current issues o jurnals. It provides full-text sairches o awmaist 2,000 jurnals. Mair nor 8,000 institutions in mair nor 160 kintras hae access tae JSTOR; maist access is bi subscription, but some aulder public domain content is freely available tae onyane.
# Allium

| *Allium* |
| --- |
|  |
| *Allium flavum* |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Faimily: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfaimily: | Allioideae |
| Tribe: | Allieae |
| Genus: | Allium L. |
| Teep species |
| *Allium sativum* L. |
| Species |
|
See text |

Allium is a monocot genus o flouerin plants, informally referred tae as the ingan genus. The generic name *Allium* is the Laitin wird for garlic. The genus, includin the various edible ingans, garlics, chives, an leeks, haes played a pivotal role in cuikin warldwide, as the various pairts o the plants, aither raw or cuiked in mony ways, produce a lairge variety o flavors an texturs.

## Species

See Leet o *Allium* species for a full leet. Some important species include:

* *Allium acuminatum* — tapertip ingan, Hooker's ingan
* *Allium allegheniense* — Appalachian ingan
* *Allium ampeloprasum* — (broadleaf) wild leek
	+ *A. ampeloprasum* var. *ampeloprasum* — elephant garlic
	+ *A. ampeloprasum* var. *kurrat* — kurrat
	+ *A. ampeloprasum* var. *porrum* — leek
* *Allium anceps* — twinleaf ingan
* *Allium angulosum* — moose garlic
* *Allium aflatunense* — flouerin ingan
* *Allium atrorubens* — dark reid ingan
* *Allium caeruleum* — blue globe ingan
* *Allium campanulatum* — dusky ingan
* *Allium canadense* — Canadian garlic
* *Allium cepa* — ingan, gairden ingan, bulb ingan, common ingan
* *Allium cernuum* — noddin ingan
* *Allium chinense* — Cheenese ingan, Cheenese scallion, Japanese scallion, Oriental ingan
* *Allium fistulosum* — Welsh ingan
* *Allium galanthum*
* *Allium giganteum* — giant ingan
* *Allium hollandicum* — flouerin ingan
* *Allium libani* — Lebanese ingan
* *Allium neapolitanum* — white garlic
* *Allium nevii* — Nevius' garlic
* *Allium nigrum* — black garlic
* *Allium oleraceum* — field garlic
* *Allium oschaninii* — shallot
* *Allium paradoxum* — few-flowered garlic
* *Allium ramosum* — fragrant garlic
* *Allium sativum* — garlic
* *Allium schoenoprasum* — chives
* *Allium scorodoprasum* — saund leek
* *Allium siculum* — Mediterranean bells, Sicilian honey garlic
* *Allium sieberianum* — Schult.f.
* *Allium stipitatum* — Persian shallot
* *Allium textile* — prairie ingan
* *Allium tricoccum* — wild leek, ramp
* *Allium triquetrum* — three-cornered leek, triquetous garlic
* *Allium tuncelianum* — Tunceli garlic, Ovacik garlic
* *Allium tuberosum* — Cheenese chives
* *Allium ursinum* — buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic, wid garlic, bear's garlic
* *Allium vineale* — craw garlic, wild garlic