# Inglis leid

| Inglis |
| --- |
| *English* |
| Region | Oreeginally Ingland nou warldwide |
| Native speakers | 360–400 million (2006) L2 speakers: 400 million; as a foreign leid: 600–700 million |
| Leid faimily | Indo-European
* Germanic
	+ Wast Germanic
		- Anglo-Frisie
			* Anglic
				+ **Inglis**
 |
| Early forms | Auld Inglis
* Middle Inglis
	+ Early Modren Inglis
 |
| Writin seestem | * Laitin script (Inglis alphabet)
* Inglis Braille, Unified Inglis Braille
 |
| Signed forms | Manually coded Inglis (multiple seestems) |
| Offeecial status |
| Offeecial leid in | * 67 kintras
* 27 non-sovereign entities

Various organisations
* + Unitit Naitions
	+ European Union
	+ Commonweel o Naitions
	+ Cooncil o Europe
	+ ICC
	+ IOC
	+ ISO
	+ NATO
	+ WTO
	+ NAFTA
	+ OAS
	+ OECD
	+ OIC
	+ OPEC
	+ GUAM Organization for Democracy an Economic Development\* PIF
	+ UKUSA Agreement
	+ ASEAN
	+ ASEAN Economic Commonty
	+ SAARC
	+ Turkic Cooncil
	+ ECO
 |
| Leid codes |
| ISO 639-1 | `en` |
| ISO 639-2 | `eng` |
| ISO 639-3 | `eng` |
| Glottolog | `stan1293` |
| Linguasphere | `52-ABA` |
|   Kintras o the warld whaur Inglis is a majority native leid
  Kintras whaur Inglis is offeecial but nae a majority native leid
 |
|

**Inglis** (Inglis: *English*) is a Wast Germanic leid that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kinricks o England an spread intae whit wis tae become sooth-east Scotland unner the influence o the Anglian medieval kinrick o Northumbrie. Follaein the economic, poleetical, military, scienteefic, cultural, an colonial influence o Great Breetain an the Unitit Kinrick frae the 18t century, via the Breetish Empire, an o the Unitit States syne the mid-20t century, it haes been widely dispersed aroond the warld, become the leadin leid o internaitional discourse, an haes acquired uise as *lingua franca* in mony regions. It is widely learnit as a seicont leid an uised as an offeecial leid o the European Union an mony Commonwealth kintras, as well as in mony warld organisations. It is the third maist natively spoken leid in the warld, efter Mandarin Cheenese an Spaingie.

Historically, Inglis originatit frae the fusion o leids an dialects, noo collectively kent as Auld Inglis, whilk wur brocht tae the eastren coast o Great Breetain bi Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) settlers beginnin in the 5t century – wi the wird "Inglis" bein derived frae the name o the Angles. A significant nummer o Inglis wirds are constructit based on roots frae Latin, acause Latin in some form wis the *lingua franca* o the Christian Kirk an o European intellectual life. The leid wis faur influenced bi the Auld Norse leid wi Viking invasions in the 8t an 9t centuries.

The Norman conquest o Ingland in the 11t century gae rise tae hivy borrowins frae Norman-French, an vocabulary an spelling conventions began tae gie the superficial appearance o a close relationship wi Romance leids tae whit haed nou become Middle Inglis. The Great Vowel Shift that began in the sooth o Ingland in the 15t century is ane o the historical events markin the separation o Middle an Modern Inglis.

Awin tae the significant assimilation o various European leids throughoot historie, modren Inglis is aften seen as haein a gey muckle vocabulary. The *Oxford Inglis Dictionary* leets ower 250,000 distinct wirds, an daes nae include mony technical or slang terms, or wirds that belang tae multiple wird classes.

## Etymology

The name "Inglis" comes frae the pairt o Germany an Denmark cried "Angeln".
The spellin *Inglis* is a leeterar archaism frae aulder Scots that enthusiasts is gey fond o. It wis sount [ɪŋ'lɪs] (cf. *Scottis*), wi time the *is* wis cuttit tae *s* an the modren ootcome wis [ɪŋ'(ə)lz] that can be seen in the faimly name wi the mair mensefu modren spellin **Ingles**. Maist fowk the nou says ['ɪŋlɪʃ], *English*, tho some fowk scrieves *Inglish* fir fear that fowk micht soond the foregaun wrang. Mony fowk soonds *Inglis* ['ɪŋglɪs] efter the English soond-tae-letter spellin.

## Significance

EN (ISO 639-1)
Modern Inglis, sumtimes descrived as the first global lingua franca, is the dominant leid or in some instances even the required internaitional leid o communications, science, information technology, business, aviation, entertainment, radio an diplomacy. Its spread ayont the Breetish Isles began wi the growthe o the Breetish Empire, an bi the late 19t century its reach wis truly global. Follaein the Breetish colonisation o North Americae, it acame the dominant leid in the Unitit States an in Canadae. The growin economic an cultural influence o the US an its status as a global superpouer syne Warld War II hae significantly acceleratit the leid's spread across the planet.

A wirkin kennin o Inglis haes become a requirement in a number o fields, occupations an professions sic as medicine an computin; as a consequence ower a billion fowk speak Inglis tae at least a basic level (see Inglis leid learnin an teachin). It is ane o sax offeecial les o the Unitit Nations.

Ane impact o the growthe o Inglis haes been tae reduce native linguistic diversity in mony pairts o the warld, an its influence continues tae play an important role in leid attrition. Conversely the naitural internal variety o Inglis alang wi creoles an pidgins hae the potential tae produce new distinct leids frae Inglis ower time.

### Soorces

* Crystal, David (2006). "Chapter 9: English worldwide". In Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. (eds.). *A History of the English Language*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 420–439. ISBN 978-0-511-16893-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)