Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Africae

Africae|  |
| Aurie | 30,370,000 km2 (11,730,000 sq mi), 2nt |
| Population | 1,225,080,510 (2016, 2nt) |
| Population density | 36.4/km2 (94/sq mi) |
| GDP (nominal) | $2.1 trillion (2016, 5t) |
| GDP (PPP) | $6.0 trillion (2016, 5t) |
| GDP per capita | $1,809 (2016, 6t) |
| Demonym | African |
| Kintras | 54 (an 2 disputit) |
| Dependencies |
Freemit (3)
* Mayotte
* Réunion
* Saunt Helena, Ascension an Tristan da Cunha

Internal (4)
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Madeira
* Melilla
 |
| Lairgest ceeties | Leet o ceeties in Africae  Lagos  Cairo  Kinshasa  Johannesburg  Abuja  Khartoum  Dar es Salaam  Alexandria  Abidjan  Algiers  Kano  Casablanca  Ibadan  Nairobi  Addis Ababa  Accra |

**Africae** is the warld's seicont mucklest an seicont maist-populous continent (the first bein Asie in baith categories). At aboot 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) includin adjacent islands, it cuivers 6% o Yird's tot surface aurie an 20.4% o its tot laund aurie. Wi 1.2 billion fowk as o 2016, it accoonts for aboot 16% o the warld's human population. The continent is surroundit bi the Mediterranean Sea tae the north, baith the Suez Canal an the Reid Sea alang the Sinai Peninsula tae the northeast, the Indie Ocean tae the sootheast an the Atlantic Ocean tae the wast. The continent includes Madagascar an various airchipelagos. It conteens 54 fully recognised sovereign states (kintras), nine territories an twa *de facto* independent states wi leemitit or na recogneetion. The majority o the continent an its kintras are in the Northren Hemisphere, wi a substantial portion an nummer o kintras in the Soothren Hemisphere.

Africae's average population is the youngest amangst aw the continents; the median age in 2012 wis 19.7, whan the warldwide median age wis 30.4. Algerie is Africae's mucklest kintra bi aurie, an Nigerie is its mucklest bi population. Africae, pairteecularly central Eastren Africae, is widely acceptit as the place o oreegin o humans an the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced bi the diskivery o the earliest hominids an thair auncestors, as weel as later anes that hae been datit tae aroond seiven million years ago, includin *Sahelanthropus tchadensis*, *Australopithecus africanus*, *A. afarensis*, *Homo erectus*, *H. habilis* an *H. ergaster*—wi the earliest *Homo sapiens* (modren human) foond in Ethiopie bein datit tae circa 200,000 year ago. Africae straidles the equator an encompasses numerous climate auries; it is the anly continent tae stretch frae the northren temperate tae soothren temperate zones.

Africae hosts a muckle diversity o ethnicities, culturs an leids. In the late 19t century European kintras colonised awmaist aw o Africae; maist present states in Africae oreeginatit frae a process o decolonisation in the 20t century. African naitions cooperate throu the establishment o the African Union, that is heidquartert in Addis Ababa.

## Fremmit airtins

 Media relatit tae Africa at Wikimedia Commons
# Ruif ratton

| Ruif ratton |
| --- |
|  |
| *Rattus rattus* |
| Conservation status |
|  Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) |
| Scientific classification |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Faimily: | Muridae |
| Subfaimily: | Murinae |
| Genus: | *Rattus* |
| Species: | R. rattus |
| Binomial name |
| Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
|  |
| Black rat range |

The **ruif ratton** (*Rattus rattus*) is a common lang-tailed rodent o the genus *Rattus* (rattons) in the subfaimily Murinae (murine rodents).
# Grund ratton

| Grund ratton |
| --- |
|  |
| Conservation status |
|  Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) |
| Scientific classification |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Faimily: | Muridae |
| Subfaimily: | Murinae |
| Genus: | *Rattus* |
| Species: | R. norvegicus |
| Binomial name |
| Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) |
|  |
| Grund ratton range |

The **grund ratton** (*Rattus norvegicus*) is ane o the best kent an maist common rattons.
# Molar (tuith)

| *Molars* |
| --- |
| A lawer wisdom tuith efter extraction. |
| Permanent teeth o richt hauf o lawer dental arch, seen frae abuin. |
| Details |
| Artery | posterior superior alveolar artery |
| Identifiers |
| Laitin | *dentes molares* |
| TA | A05.1.03.007 |
| FMA | 55638 |
| Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata] |

The **molars** or **molar teeth** are muckle, flat teeth at the back o the mooth.
# Venezuela

| Bolivarian Republic o Venezuela* *República Bolivariana de Venezuela*  (Spaingie)
 |
| --- |
|
Banner

 Coat o airms

 |
| **Anthem:Gloria al Bravo Pueblo* (Scots: "Glory tae the Brave Fowk")  |
|  |
| Caipital and largest city | Caracas ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Offeecial leids | Spaingieb |
| Recognised regional leids | Indigenous leids |
| Ethnic groups (2011) | * 51.6% Mestizo
* 43.6% White
* 2.9% Black
* 1.2% ithers
* 0.7% Afrostryndant
 |
| Releegion  | 71% Catholic 17% Protestant 8% Agnostic/Atheist 3% Ither releegion 1% No answer |
| Demonym(s) | Venezuelan |
| Govrenment | Federal presidential
constitutional republic |
|  |
| • Preses  | * Nicolás Maduro (pairtially recognisit)
* Juan Guaidó (pairtially recognisit)
 |
| • Vice Preses  | Delcy Rodríguez (constitutional poseetion disputit) |
|  |
| Legislatur | Naitional Assembly Constituent Assembly (disputit) |
| Unthirldom |
|  |
| • frae Spain  | 5 Julie 1811 |
| • frae Gran Colombia | 13 Januar 1830 |
| • Recognised  | 30 Mairch 1845 |
|  |
| Aurie |
| • Total | 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi) (33rd) |
| • Water (%) | 0.32 |
| Population |
| • 2016 estimate census | 31,775,371 (44t) |
| • Density | 33.75/km2 (87.4/sq mi) (181st) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
| • Total | $404.109 billion |
| • Per capita | $12,859 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2017 estimate |
| • Tot | $251.589 billion |
| • Per capita | $8,004 |
| Gini (2013) |  44.8 medium |
| HDI (2015) |  0.767 heich · 71st |
| Currency | Bolívar Soberano (VEF) |
| Time zone | UTC–4 (VET) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Drivin side | right |
| Cawin code | +58 |
| ISO 3166 code | VE |
| Internet TLD | .ve |
| 1. **^** The "Bolivarian Republic o Venezuela" haes been the full offeecial teetle syne the adoption o the new Constitution o 1999, whan the state wis renamed in honour o Simón Bolívar.
2. **^** The Constitution an aa recognises aw indigenous leids spoken in the kintra.
3. **^** Some important subgroups include thae o Spaingie, Italian, Amerindian, African, Portuguese, Arab an German strynd.
4. **^** Aurie tots include anerly Venezuelan-admeenistered territory.
5. **^** On 1 Januar 2008, a new bolivar wis introduced, the *bolívar fuerte* (ISO 4217 code VEF) worth 1,000 VEB.
 |

States o Venezuela
**Venezuela**, offeecially cawed the **Bolivarian Republic o Venezuela** (Spaingie: *República Bolivariana de Venezuela*) is a tropical kintra on the northren coast o Sooth Americae. It is a continental mainland wi numerous islands locatit off its coastline in the Caribbean Sea. The republic is a umwhile Spaingie colony that wan its unthirldom in 1821.

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# Teeger

| *Teeger* Temporal range: Early Pleistocene – Present
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
↓ |
| --- |
|  |
| Female Bengal tiger (*P. t. tigris*) at the Tadoba Andhari Teeger Reserve, Indie |
| Conservation status |
|  Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Faimily: | Felidae |
| Genus: | *Panthera* |
| Species: | P. tigris |
| Binomial name |
| Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| Subspeshies |
| *P. t. tigris*
*P. t. sondaica*
 |
|  |
| Tiger's historical range in aboot 1850 (pale yellae) an in 2006 (in green). |
| Synonyms |
| * *Tigris striatus* Severtzov, 1858
* *Tigris regalis* Gray, 1867
 |

Teeger
The **teeger** (*Panthera tigris*) also kent **tiger**, is a member o the Felidae faimlie; the maist muckle o the fower "muckle cats" in the genus Panthera. Native tae maist o eastren an soothren Asie, the teeger is an apex hunter an an obligate cairnivore. Raxin up tae 4 metre (13 ft) in tot lenth an weein up tae 300 kilogram (660 poonds), the lairger teeger subspecies is compearable in bouk tae the maist muckle extinct felids. Aside fae thair great bouk an pouer, thair maist recogneezable featurs is the paitern o daurk vertical strips that owerlays naur-white tae reiddish-orange fur, wi lichter unnerpairts. The lairgest subspecies o teeger is the Siberian teeger.
# Crocodile

| Crocodiles Temporal range: Eocene – Holocene, 55–0 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N |
| --- |
|  |
| Nile crocodile (*Crocodylus niloticus*) |
|  |
| Sautwatter crocodile (*Crocodylus porosus*) |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Order: | Crocodylia |
| Faimily: | Crocodylidae |
| Subfaimily: | **Crocodylinae** Cuvier, 1807 |
| Teep species |
| *Crocodylus niloticus* Laurenti, 1768 |
| Genera |
| * *Crocodylus*
* *Osteolaemus*
* *Mecistops* *(proponed)*
 |

**Crocodiles** (subfaimily **Crocodylinae**) or **true crocodiles** are muckle aquatic reptiles that live throuoot the tropics in Africae, Aisie, the Americaes an Austrailie.
# Hippopotamidae

| Hippopotamidae Temporal range: 16–0 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Early Miocene-Holocene |
| --- |
|  |
| Common hippopotamus |
|  |
| Pygmy hippopotamus |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Suborder: | Whippomorpha |
| Faimily: | **Hippopotamidae** Gray, 1821 |
| Subtaxa |
|
†*Trilobophorous* Geze, 1985
Hippopotaminae Gray, 1821* †*Archaeopotamus*
* *Choeropsis*
* †*Hexaprotodon*
* *Hippopotamus*
* †*Saotherium*

†Kenyapotaminae Pickford, 1983* *Kenyapotamus*
* *Palaeopotamus*
 |

**Hippopotamuses** are stout, nakit-skinned, an amphibious artiodactyl members (an the anly livin members) o the faimily **Hippopotamidae** possessin three-chambered painchs an walkin on fower taes on each fit. While thay resemmle pigs physiologically an are pseudoruminants lik caumels, thair closest livin relatives are actually the cetaceans (whauls an dowphins).

Thare are twa livin species o hippopotamus in twa genera; the pygmy hippo, *Choeropsis liberiensis* o the forests o wast Africae, an the common hippo, *Hippopotamus amphibius*.
# Sciurus vulgaris

A ferret
The **ferret** (*Sciurus vulgaris*), kent as a **con** or **squirrel** an aw, is a tree-dwallin omnivorous rodent that's common oot-throu Eurasie. In Great Breetain, housomeiver, nummers haes dwined, in pairt doun tae the inbringin o the gray ferrets frae North Americae an in pairt tae management o its widland haunts.
# Myodes glareolus

| *Myodes glareolus* |
| --- |
|  |
| Conservation status |
|  Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Faimily: | Cricetidae |
| Subfaimily: | Arvicolinae |
| Genus: | *Myodes* |
| Species: | M. glareolus |
| Binomial name |
| Myodes glareolus (Schreber, 1780) |
|  |
| Range o Myodes glareolus |
| Synonyms |
| * *Clethrionomys glareolus*
* *Evotomys glareolus*
 |

Myodes glareolus (umwhile *Clethrionomys glareolus*) is a smaw rodent wi reid-broun fur an some gray patches, wi a tail aboot hauf as lang as its bouk.
# Dipodidae

| Dipodidae Temporal range: Late Eocene–Recent
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N |
| --- |
|  |
| *Jaculus orientalis* |
| Scientific classification |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Suborder: | Myomorpha |
| Superfaimily: | **Dipodoidea** |
| Faimily: | **Dipodidae** Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 |
| Subfaimilies |
|
Allactaginae
Cardiocraniinae
Dipodinae
Euchoreutinae
Sicistinae
Zapodinae |

The **Dipodidae**, or **dipodids**, are a faimily o rodents foond athort the Northren Hemisphere, the sole faimily in the superfaimily **Dipodoidea**. This faimily includes ower 50 species amang the 16 genera.
# Hairst moose

| Hairst moose |
| --- |
|  |
| Conservation status |
|  Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) |
| Scientific classification |
| Kinrick: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Cless: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Faimily: | Muridae |
| Genus: | *Micromys* |
| Species: | M. minutus |
| Binomial name |
| Micromys minutus Pallas, 1771 |
|  |
| Hairst moose range |

The **hairst moose** (*Micromys*) is a smaw mammal o the order rodentia hamelt tae Europe an Asie. It is a kyne o moose. It can be fand in fiels o cereal crops, lyke as wheat an aits, in rods or in ither siclyke heich come, lyke lang girse an hedgins. It haes moorit fur wae a whyte wame an a nakit tail nor gies it heise in spielin; heth it is the ainly European ainimal whilk hale yaises its tail as a lith. It is the smawest European rodent; an adult micht ainly wecht as 4 gram (0.14 oz). Hairst moose big bool-ests, sae lyke thon o birds, cannily wrocht frae girse an bun tae stems alaft.

Belangin tae the subfaimily *Murinae*, the genus isnae near sib tae ony ither murine genus an haes twa yet leevin species. *Micromys minutus*, kent as the European hairst moose is the mair routh o the twa species o *Micromys*, the ither mair sucken is *Micromys erythrotis* bidin in Vietnam an Soothren China (an aiblins kintras they hae mairch wae). Fossils o *Micromys* date back tae the Late Miocene an include at least 10 extinct species, formin twathry lineages.

## Description

The hairst moose ranges frae 55 tae 75 millimetre (2.2 tae 3.0 in) lang, an its tail frae 50 tae 75 millimetre (2.0 tae 3.0 in) lang; it wechts frae 4 tae 11 gram (0.14 tae 0.39 oz), or aboot hauf the wecht o the hoose moose (*Mus musculus*). The een an lugs are lairge affaerin tae its lenth. It haes a smaw neb, wae cuttie, stibble wuskers, an a thick, saft fur.

## Geographie

*M. minutus* bides ootthro Europe an Northren Asie, rangin frae Northwast Spain throu the maist feck o Europe, athort Siberie tae Korea, north tae aboot 65 degree in Russia, sooth tae the northren edge o Mongolie. Thare are populations in Soothren China forby, thro the Yunnan aurie.
# Carbohydrate

Lactose is a disaccharide foond in milk. It consists o a molecule o D-galactose an a molecule o D-glucose bondit bi beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage. It haes a formula o C12H22O11.
A **carbohydrate** is an organic compound comprisin anly carbon, hydrogen, an oxygen, uisually wi a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio o 2:1 (as in watter); in ither wirds, wi the empirical formula C*m*(H2O)*n* (whaur *m* coud be different frae *n*). Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a succar component o DNA, haes the empirical formula C5H10O4. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates o carbon; structurally it is mair accurate tae view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes an ketones.

The term is maist common in biochemistry, whaur it is a synonym o **saccharide**. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are dividit intae fower chemical groupings: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, an polysaccharides. In general, the monosaccharides an disaccharides, which are smawer (lawer molecular wicht) carbohydrates, are commonly referred tae as succars. The wird *saccharide* comes frae the Greek wird *σάκχαρον* (*sákkharon*), meanin "succar." While the scienteefic nomenclatur o carbohydrates is complex, the names o the monosaccharides an disaccharides very eften end in the suffix -ose. For example, grape succar is the monosaccharide glucose, cane succar is the disaccharide sucrose, and milk succar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration).

Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in livin organisms. Polysaccharides serve for the storage o energy (e.g., starch an glycogen), an as structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants an chitin in arthropods). The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component o coenzymes (e.g., ATP, FAD, an NAD) an the backbone o the genetic molecule kent as RNA. The relatit deoxyribose is a component o DNA. Saccharides an thair derivatives include mony ither important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune seestem, fertilization, preventin pathogenesis, bluid clottin, an development.

In fuid science an in mony informal contexts, the term carbohydrate eften means ony fuid that is parteecularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch (sic as cereals, breid, an pasta) or semple carbohydrates, sic as succar (foond in candy, jams, an desserts).

## Freemit airtins

* Carbohydrates, includin interactive models an animations Archived 2013-06-29 at the Wayback Machine (Requires MDL Chime Archived 2006-03-20 at the Wayback Machine)
* IUPAC-IUBMB Jynt Commission on Biochemical Nomenclatur (JCBN): Carbohydrate Nomenclatur Archived 2005-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
* Carbohydrates detailed Archived 2016-05-16 at the Portuguese Web Archive
* Carbohydrates an Glycosylation – The Virtual Library o Biochemistry an Cell Biology Archived 2005-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
* Functional Glycomics Gateway, a collaboration atween the Consortium for Functional Glycomics an Naitur Publishing Group
# Marmota

Marmota

Marmota
Marmota is a genus o rodent, the **marmot**. Common species includes *M. marmota* (the alpine marmot) in Europe an *M. monax* (the woodchuck, kent as the groundhog an aw) in North Americae.