Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ

**ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ** ( /ˈɛkwədɔːr/ *EK-wə-dor*; ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ: [ekwaˈðoɾ] (); ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Lang-qu; Shuar: *Ecuador* or *Ekuatur*) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱮᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑000 ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱯᱟᱜᱳᱥ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

| ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ* *República del Ecuador*  (Spanish)
* *Ikwayur Runaq Imayka*  (Cañar Highland Quichua)
* *Ekuatur Nunka*  (Shuar)
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| **ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ : "Dios, patria y libertad" (Spanish)
* "Pro Deo, Patria et Libertate" (Latin)
* "God, homeland and freedom"
 |
| **ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱮᱧ:Salve, Oh Patria*  (Spanish) (English: "Hail, Oh Homeland") |
| ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ Location of  ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ  (dark green)in South America  (grey) |
| **ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ** | ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛᱳ
 |
| ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛᱳ |
| ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ |
| **ᱡᱟᱹᱛ** (2010 Census0.4em) | * ᱗᱑.᱙% ᱢᱮᱥᱴᱤᱡᱳ
* ᱗.᱔% ᱢᱳᱱᱛᱩᱵᱤᱭᱳ
* ᱗.᱒% ᱦᱮᱸᱱᱫᱮ/ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ-ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱮᱰᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ
* ᱗% ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ
* ᱖.᱑% ᱯᱩᱰ
* 0.᱓% ᱮᱴᱟᱜ
 |
| ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ | ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ
  |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | Unitary presidential constitutional republic |
|  -  | President | ᱞᱮᱱᱤᱱ ᱢᱳᱨᱮᱱᱳ |
|  -  | Vice President | ᱳᱛᱛᱳ ᱥᱳᱱᱱᱮᱱᱦᱳᱞᱡᱽᱱᱟᱨ |
| ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱟᱪᱚᱨ | National Assembly |
| ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ |
|  -  | Declared | ᱑0 ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱘0᱙  |
|  -  | ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ | ᱒᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱒᱒  |
|  -  | from Gran Colombia | ᱑᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱘᱓0  |
|  -  | Recognized by Spain | ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱔0  |
|  -  | Current constitution | ᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒00᱘  |
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ |
|  -  | ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ |  ᱒᱘᱓᱕᱖᱑ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ² km2 (73rd) **Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".** m²  |
|  -  | ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (%) | 5 |
| ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ |
|  -  | 2016 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ | 16,385,068 (66th) |
|  -  |  census | 17,300,000  |
|  -  | ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮ | 61/ᱠᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ୨ (151st) ᱑᱕᱒.᱖᱙/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱹ |
| **ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ** (ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ) | ᱒0᱑᱙ ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱟᱨ |
|  -  | ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱨᱮ | $202.043 billion  |
|  -  | ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ | $11,701  |
| **ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ** (ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) | ᱒0᱑᱙ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱚᱝ |
|  -  | ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | $106.289 billion  |
|  -  | ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ | $6,155  |
| **ᱡᱤᱱᱤ** (᱒0᱑᱔) | 45.4  |
| **ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ** (2018) | 0.758 (85th) |
| ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ | United States dollarb (`USD`)  |
| ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ | ECT / GALT (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ−5 / −6) |
| ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱢᱮ | right |
| ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱹᱮᱞᱹᱰᱤᱹ | .ec |
| ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | +593 |

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

## ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ

## ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ

## ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ

## ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

## ᱦᱮᱡᱽᱥᱮᱱ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* President of Ecuador (ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ)
* CIA Library Site: Chief of State and Cabinet Members
* "Ecuador". *The World Factbook*. Central Intelligence Agency.
* ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ at Curlie
* Ecuador at UCB Libraries GovPubs
* Ecuador profile from the BBC News
* Wikimedia Atlas of Ecuador
* Geographic data related to ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱟᱰᱚᱨ at OpenStreetMap

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱯᱩᱥᱤ

ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱠᱩ
ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱫᱚᱠᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱚᱭᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱩ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ (scientific) ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ Felis silvestris catus ᱟᱨ Felis catus᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱠᱩ (insects) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱩᱸᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱙᱕᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱟᱱᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱭᱟ᱾

ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱩ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱝᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱤᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱰᱮᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐-᱑᱒ " ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔-᱑᱘ " ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱛᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱱᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞᱟ᱾

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱯᱮ

ᱨᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ

## ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
# ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ

| ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ*Repubblica di San Marino*  (Italian) |
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|  |  |

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| **ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ :**"Libertas" (Latin) "Freedom" |
| **ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱮᱧ:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica* "National Anthem of the Republic" |
| San Marino ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ Location of  ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ  (green)in Europe  (agate grey)  –  [Legend] |
| **ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ** | ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ
 |
| ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ settlement | ᱰᱳᱜᱟᱱᱟ ﻿ / ﻿ |
| ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ |
| ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ | Sammarinese
 |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | Unitary assembly-independent diarchic directorial republic |
|  -  | Captains Regent | Francesco Mussoni Giacomo Simoncini |
| ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱟᱪᱚᱨ | Grand and General Council |
| Independence |
|  -  | from Roman Empire | 3 September 301  |
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ |
|  -  | ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ |  ᱖᱑.᱒ km2 (190th) ᱒᱔ m²  |
|  -  | ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (%) | 0 |
| ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ |
|  -  | 2020 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ | 34,232 (221st) |
|  -  | ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮ | 520/ᱠᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ୨ (23rd) ᱑,᱓᱔᱖.᱘/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱹ |
| **ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ** (ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ) | 2017 ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱟᱨ |
|  -  | ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱨᱮ | $2.09 billion (175th) |
|  -  | ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ | $60,651 (11th) |
| **ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ** (ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) | 2017 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱚᱝ |
|  -  | ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | $1.55 billion (174th) |
|  -  | ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ | $44,947 (13th) |
| **ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ** (2013) | 0.875 (26th) |
| ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ | Euro (€) (`EUR`)  |
| ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ | CET (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+01) |
|  -  | ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ (ᱰᱤᱹᱮᱥᱹᱴᱤ) | CEST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+02) |
| ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱢᱮ | right |
| ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱹᱮᱞᱹᱰᱤᱹ | .sm |
| ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | +378 (+39 0549 calling via Italy) |
| ᱯᱟᱴᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ | Saint Marinus Saint Agatha |
| Sources:  |

**ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ** (ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ: San Marino) ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ **ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ** (ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ: Repubblica di San Marino) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱯᱮᱱᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱢᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱻᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱖᱑ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ (᱒᱔ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱓,᱕᱖᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

## ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ

## ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ

## ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ

## ᱦᱮᱡᱽᱥᱮᱱ

## ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ at Curlie
* Wikimedia Atlas of San Marino
# ᱥᱤᱢ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ

ᱥᱤᱢ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ
**ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ** ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢᱯᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ **ᱥᱤᱢ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ** ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ **ᱥᱤᱢ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ** ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱛᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱩᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱩᱬ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱤᱛ

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤ ᱮᱴᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱺᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱺᱛᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱫ ᱠᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱡᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱟᱞᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱩᱡ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ *ᱯᱟᱹᱰᱩ* ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱜᱚ *ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ* ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Humane Society Cockfighting factsheet Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱙-᱑᱓ at the Wayback Machine.

* Narrated pictorial on cockfighting in Bali, Indonesia Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱐-᱐᱕-᱑᱔ at the Wayback Machine.
* Cockfight in Istanbul Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱐᱙-᱒᱕ at the Wayback Machine.
* Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Cockfighting

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ

**ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ(ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱢ)** ᱥᱮ **ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ** ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ (ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱩᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱫᱩᱯᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

  ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ
  ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ
  ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ
  ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ
  ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ" ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ (ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱫᱟᱫᱽ, ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱮᱛᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱯᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

* ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ

ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ
ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (551 BC-479 BC) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ, ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱮᱫ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱠᱩᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱤ **ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱠᱤ** ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ **ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱱᱤ** ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱜᱩᱭ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾

## ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ 551 BC ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱭᱟ᱾

## ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

ᱥᱚᱠᱨᱮᱴᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱦᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱚᱸᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

* ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱡᱟ

* ᱟᱯᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ

* ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ

* ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ

* ᱜᱟᱛᱮ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ- *ᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱥᱟᱭᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱮ᱾* ᱡᱤᱥᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ **ᱟᱱᱟᱞᱮᱠᱭᱩ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ** ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Multilingual web site on Confucius and the Analects
* The Dao of Kongzi Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱑᱐-᱒᱐ at the Wayback Machine., introduction to the thought of Confucius.
* Confucian Analects (Project Gutenberg release of James Legge's Translation)
* Core philosophical passages in the *Analects of Confucius*.

## ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

| ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ |
| --- |
| 客家話 / 客家话 *Hak-kâ-fa* |
| ᱦᱟᱠ-ᱠᱟ-ᱯᱷᱟ/ᱦᱟᱠ-ᱠᱟ-ᱵᱷᱟ (*Hakka/Kejia*) ᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ, ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ, ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱤᱱ: ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱰᱚᱝ, ᱯᱷᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ, ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝᱥᱤ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ: ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (older generations since younger Hakkas mostly speak Cantonese due to language shift and social assimilation) |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ  | ᱔᱗.᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱐᱗) |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ* ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ
	+ **ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ**
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱦᱟᱱᱡᱤ, romanization |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ |
| ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ  |
| ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | Taiwan (ᱦᱮᱡᱽᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ; ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱟᱱ) |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-3 | `hak` |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `hakk1236` |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | `79-AAA-g > 79-AAA-ga
(+ 79-AAA-gb transition to 79-AAA-h)` |
|  |
|

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

|  |
| --- |
| **Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Infobox\_multi-lingual\_name at line 312: attempt to call field '\_lang' (a nil value).** |

**ᱠᱟᱠᱠᱟ** ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ, ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ, ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

## ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ

## ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ

## ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Hashimoto, Mantaro J. (2010). *The Hakka Dialect: A Linguistic Study of Its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon*. Princeton/Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-13367-8.
* O'Connor, Kevin A. (1976). "Proto-Hakka". *Ajia Afurika Gengo Bunka Kenkyū / Journal of Asia and Africa Studies*. **11** (1): 1–64.
* Sagart, Laurent (1998). "On distinguishing Hakka and non-Hakka dialects". *Journal of Chinese Linguistics*. **26** (2): 281–302. JSTOR 23756757.
* ——— (2002). "Gan, Hakka and the Formation of Chinese Dialects" (PDF). In Ho, Dah-an (ed.). *Dialect Variations in Chinese*. Taipei: Academia Sinica. pp. 129–154. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
* Schaank, Simon Hartwich (1897). *Het Loeh-foeng-dialect* (in ᱰᱚᱪ). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Retrieved 11 February 2015.

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:`<ref>` tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding `<references group="lower-alpha"/>` tag was found.
# ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ

ᱱᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ
**ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ** ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱩᱯ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱯ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱡᱦᱮᱭᱟ᱾

## ᱪᱮᱫᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ

ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱛ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱩ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱠᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱛ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱚᱨ ᱡᱩᱜᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱠᱚ ᱠᱩ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱛ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱕᱕᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱛ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱺᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱠᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱚᱝᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱤᱱ, ᱨᱩᱯᱟ, ᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱛᱩᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱛ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱨᱤᱧᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱛ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱥᱛᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱠᱚ

* Ancient Egyptian comb, ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ fifteenth century BC.
* Etruscan comb, ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ seventh century BC.
* Scythian comb, ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ 400 BC
* Ancient Roman comb
* The world's oldest runic inscription (160 AD) on the Vimose comb, Denmark
* A liturgical comb, possibly made in Italy, fifteenth century
* A set of combs found on the 16th-century ship *Mary Rose*
* Ivory sculptured comb of the sixteenth century
* Indian metal comb for keeping hair in place, adorned with a pair of birds. After removing the central stopper, perfume can be poured into the opening in order to moisten the teeth of the comb and the hair of the wearer.
* A Punjabi wooden comb
* Head louse comb
* Artisan hand-finished metal comb from Chicago Comb, Made in USA

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Asby, S. (2011). "An Atlas of Medieval Combs from Northern Europe". *Internet Archaeology* (30). doi:10.11141/ia.30.3.
* Ireland, Kay. "Cómo usar un peine navaje *(*How to Use Razor Combs*)*". *eHow en Espanol* (in Spanish).`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
* "The Origin of Combs". *TheOriginOf.com*.

## ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ