Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱷᱳᱜᱳᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ

**ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱷᱳᱜᱳᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ**
The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (*a* and *b*) equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (*c*).
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:General geometry

**ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱷᱳᱜᱳᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ** (ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱷᱳᱜᱳᱨᱚᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱮᱭ) ᱥᱮ ᱵᱳᱣᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱮᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱤᱠᱞᱤᱰ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮᱢ ᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱠᱣᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ -

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ c ᱥᱮᱢᱠᱚᱬ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱭᱯᱳᱴᱮᱱᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮ a ᱟᱨ b ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱷᱳᱜᱳᱨᱚᱥ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱸᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮ᱾ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱜᱽᱨᱚᱸᱛᱷ ᱵᱳᱣᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱞᱵᱽᱥᱩᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱤᱞᱳᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱷ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 'ᱵᱳᱣᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱱ- ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱷᱳᱜᱳᱨᱚᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱮᱭ' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾

## ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ

ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱦᱮᱭᱯᱳᱴᱮᱱᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱫᱚ c ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱫᱚ a ᱟᱨ b ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱮᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱠᱣᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ:

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2
ᱥᱮ,

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_4
ᱡᱩᱫᱤ c ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱠᱣᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ :

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_6
ᱥᱮ,

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_8
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱠᱣᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱢᱠᱚᱬ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱚᱞᱥᱴᱤᱠ 'ᱠᱳᱡᱽᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ' (Cousine rule) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ᱾

## ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱮᱭ (theorem) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ( ᱫᱽᱣᱤᱜᱷᱟᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱳᱟᱨᱚᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ)᱾ '**ᱮᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱞᱩᱢᱤᱥ'** ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ '**ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱷᱟᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱚᱢ'** ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱓᱖᱗ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ

**ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ**
 Milky Way Galaxy|
The Galactic Center as seen from Earth's night sky (the laser creates a guide-star for the telescope) |
| Observation data |
| Type | Sb, Sbc, or SB(rs)bcFrommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine (August 26, 2005). "Classification of the Milky Way Galaxy". *SEDS*. Archived from the original on May 31, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2015.</ref> (barred spiral galaxy) |
| Diameter | 1.5–2.3 Mly (460–710 kpc)Croswell, Ken (March 23, 2020). "Astronomers have found the edge of the Milky Way at last". Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.</ref> |
| Thickness of thin stellar disk | ≈2 kly (0.6 kpc) |
| Number of stars | 100–400 billion [(1–4)×1011] |
| Mass | 0.8–1.5 × 1012 M☉ |
| Angular momentum | ≈7067100000000000000♠1×1067 J s |
| Sun's distance to Galactic Center | 26.4 ± 1.0 kly (8.09 ± 0.31 kpc)ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Additional citation needed |
| Sun's Galactic rotation period | 240 Myr |
| Spiral pattern rotation period | 220–360 Myr |
| Bar pattern rotation period | 100–120 Myr |
| Speed relative to CMB rest frame | 552.2 ± 5.5 km/s |
| Escape velocity at Sun's position | 550 km/s |
| Dark matter density at Sun's position | 0.0088ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sup sub M☉pc−3 or 0.35ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sup sub GeV cm−3 |
| See also: Galaxy, List of galaxies |

**ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ** ᱥᱮ (en;Milky Way/hi;आकाशगंगा) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱠᱥᱤ (Galaxy) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱦᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ

ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱢᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Milky Way – 3D Map
* Milky Way – Entire Galaxy (Up & Down) in One Image
* Milky Way – Basic plan map – Includes spiral arms and Orion spur
* Milky Way – IRAS (infrared) survey Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱖-᱐᱘-᱒᱙ at the Wayback Machine. – wikisky.org
* Milky Way – H-Alpha survey Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱐᱗-᱒᱙ at the Wayback Machine. – wikisky.org
* Milky Way – MultiWavelength Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱒-᱑᱗ at the Wayback Machine. – Images and VRML models (NASA)
* Milky Way – Panorama (9 billion pixels) Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱐᱘-᱐᱖ at the Wayback Machine..
* Milky Way – Animated tour Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱐᱖-᱑᱒ at the Wayback Machine., University of South Wales
* Milky Way – SEDS Messier website
* Milky Way – Infrared Images
* Milky Way Video (02:37) – VISTA IR Telescope Image (October 24, 2012)
* Milky Way Video (06:37) – in RealTime (Oregon; September 17, 2016)
* All-Sky Map – CMB radiation (Planck; one-year survey)

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ

**ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ** (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Indus River) ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱡᱟᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ (ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛ) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱱ-ᱠᱟ-ᱵᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱟᱶᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱘᱘᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱞ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱥᱛᱟ, ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟ, ᱚᱭᱨᱟᱵᱩᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱩ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱛᱞᱮᱡᱽ/ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱩ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱠᱨᱟ-ᱱᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ-ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱦᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱥᱛᱟ (ᱡᱷᱮᱞᱚᱢ) ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ

ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱒.᱕ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱠᱷᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱶᱲᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱜᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱢᱚᱴᱟᱢᱩᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱛᱟᱥᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱰᱚᱰᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱰᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Blankonthemap The Northern Kashmir WebSite
* All About Indus River Pakistan Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱐᱔-᱑᱘ at the Wayback Machine.
* Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱐᱒-᱐᱙ at the Wayback Machine. See **Indus River**. Peace Palace Libray
* Northern Areas Development Gateway Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱘-᱐᱕-᱑᱑ at the Wayback Machine.
* The Mountain Areas Conservancy Project Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱖-᱐᱓-᱐᱓ at the Wayback Machine.
* Indus River watershed map (World Resources Institute) Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱕-᱐᱔-᱑᱓ at the Wayback Machine.
* Indus Treaty Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱕-᱑᱒-᱒᱐ at the Wayback Machine.
* Baglihar Dam issue
* Indus
* Indus Wildlife

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ

| ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ |
| --- |
|
ᱡᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟ

ᱜᱩᱴ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱹᱦ

 |
| **ध्येय वाक्य:"In tutela nostra Limuria"*  (ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ) "Limuria is in our charge" |
| **ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ:God Save the Queen* |
|  |
| ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ | ᱰᱤᱭᱮᱜᱚ ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ |
| ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱰᱤᱭᱮᱜᱚ‌ ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ | ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ  | ᱙᱕.᱘᱘% ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱔.᱑᱒% ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ |
| ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ |
|  |
| • ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ  | Colin Roberts |
| • ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ  | ᱡᱳᱣᱟᱱ ᱭᱮᱫᱚᱱ |
|  |
| Created ᱑᱙᱖᱕ |
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ |
| • ᱜᱩᱴ | 54,400 km2 (21,000 sq mi) n/a) |
| • ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (%) | 0 |
| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ |
| •  | 3,500 (n/a) |
| ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (USD) |
| ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ | UTC+6 |
| ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ | 246 |
| ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱮᱞᱰᱤ | .io |

**ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ** (**BIOT**) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱤᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱜᱚᱥ ᱫᱤᱯᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱮᱴᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱓ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱰᱤᱭᱮᱜᱚ‌ ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱒᱗ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
# ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱩᱠ

| James Cook |
| --- |
| James Cook, portrait by Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ 1775, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ  ᱟᱨ  ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:OldStyleDate Marton, Yorkshire, England |
| ᱜᱩᱨ | ᱑᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱗᱗᱙ (ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii |
| ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ | Killed by Hawaiians after turning back to Hawaii |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ | British |
| ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ | Postgate School, Great Ayton |
| ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ | Explorer, navigator, cartographer |
| ᱥᱟᱧᱩᱢ | Captain |
| ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ | Elizabeth Batts |
| ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | 6 |
| ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ | James Cook Grace Pace |
| ᱥᱩᱦᱤ |
|  |

**ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱩᱠ** (᱒᱗ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ, ᱑᱗᱒᱘ – ᱑᱔ ᱝᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱑᱗᱗᱙) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡ ᱱᱟᱵᱤᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱩᱤᱞᱩ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱱ

ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱩᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱱᱟᱵᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱩᱠ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱰᱚᱞᱥ ᱵᱨᱳᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱮᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱪᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱕᱕ ᱥᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱩᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱖᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱖᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱗᱗᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱭᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱠ ᱓,᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱩᱯᱳᱠᱩᱞ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱜᱤᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱤ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱩᱯᱚᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱗᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱗᱗᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱨᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤᱣᱥᱚᱱ' ᱟᱨ 'ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱮᱱᱪᱟᱨ' ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱦᱮᱵᱨᱟᱭᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱝᱳᱠ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱗᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱠ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢᱮ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱠᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱩᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱗᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱛ

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## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛᱠᱚᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱲ, ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱮᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱱᱟ| ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱰᱨᱟᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ| ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱰᱨᱟᱯ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ|

ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱚᱴ (Sino-Soviet split) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ| ᱢᱚᱛᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱣ ᱡᱮᱫᱚᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱜᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ| ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯ[ᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ| ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱼ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱟᱲ, ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ| ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱯᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱢᱟᱣᱵᱟᱫᱤ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱹᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ|

Srikakulam .naxal memorial tower
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘% ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱤᱫᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ **ᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱰᱚᱨ** ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱒,᱐᱐᱐ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱰᱨᱟᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱤᱫᱤᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱟᱪ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱣᱤᱝ (RAW) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱟᱣᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱡᱽᱣᱟᱹ (ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ| ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱢᱚᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱟᱣᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ|

## ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ

᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱣᱤᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱕᱐ᱹ᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱠᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ| ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱩᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ| ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱰᱨᱟᱯ ᱜᱟᱶᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ 'ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱡᱽ' ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ| ᱥᱤᱹᱯᱤᱹᱟᱭᱹ (ᱢᱟᱮᱵᱟᱫᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱳᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱰᱨᱟᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ| ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ| ᱦᱟᱰᱨᱟᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱵᱽᱲᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱼ ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱟᱲ, ᱩᱲᱤᱥᱥᱟ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱩᱛᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ|

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ **ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ** ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ| ᱱᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱤ) ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱜᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱤᱼᱞᱮᱱᱤᱱᱵᱟᱫᱤ) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱰᱨᱟᱯ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ| ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱩ ᱢᱚᱡᱩᱢᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱟᱱᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ| ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱕ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ| ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱼᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱜᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱯᱩᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱼᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ|

## ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
# ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

**ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ** ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱸᱫᱽ-ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱴᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱚᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ- ᱥᱯᱮᱱ, ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤ, ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟ, ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱜᱩᱭ, ᱯᱮᱨᱩ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱚ, ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱵᱟᱰᱚᱨ, ᱠᱭᱩᱵᱟ, ᱩᱨᱩᱜᱩᱭᱮ, ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱡᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾

ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱖ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱰᱮᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷ᱾ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱜᱩᱶᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

ᱥᱯᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ, ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱯᱟᱱᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱟᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑᱐ BC ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱤᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱶ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱴᱚᱞᱮᱰᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱤᱭᱚ ᱰᱤ ᱱᱮᱵᱽᱨᱤᱡᱟ, ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱚᱰᱚᱨᱱ ᱤᱶᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱸᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ

ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Real Academia Española
* Spanish language at BBC Online
* Tips to Learn Spanish Fast Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱐᱖-᱑᱑ at the Wayback Machine.
* Films for learning Spanish Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱐᱖-᱑᱑ at the Wayback Machine.

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱯᱟᱭ

ᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
**ᱯᱟᱭ** ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱ (circle) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ 3.14159 ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱜᱮᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱩᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮ

ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱫᱷᱤ/ᱟᱨᱟ= ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱮᱞ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ 3.141592 ..... ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ 1706 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾ 1761 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱢᱵᱚᱵᱮᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱬ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱮᱭ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ 2500 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱠᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ 22/7 ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱟ᱾

## ᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

## ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱽᱭᱟᱹ

## ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

## ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ

### ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

*
*
* 10 million decimal places
* "Pi" at Wolfram Mathworld
* Representations of Pi at Wolfram Alpha.
* Demonstration by Lambert (1761) of irrationality of pi, online Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱔-᱑᱒-᱓᱑ at the Wayback Machine. and analyzed *BibNum Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱕-᱐᱔-᱐᱒ at the Wayback Machine.* (PDF).

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ

| ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ |
| --- |
| The fingers of a left hand. The hand past the knuckles is displayed in grayscale for de-emphasis. |
| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin | *Digiti manus* |
| MeSH | D005385 |
| TA98 | A01.1.00.030 |
| TA2 | 150 |
| FMA | 9666 |
| Anatomical terminology |

ᱢᱤᱫ **ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ** ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱴ (part) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱴ (primate) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥᱟᱱ (sensation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱝᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱰᱮᱠᱴᱞᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱳᱞᱤᱜᱳᱰᱟᱭᱞᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱢᱯᱩᱴᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ, ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ - ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱯᱷᱤᱱᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ-ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱰᱤᱠᱥᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ, ᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ( ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭᱟᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ) ᱾

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱢ (thumb) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱾

## ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ

ᱪᱤᱢᱯᱟᱧᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱝᱜᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱝᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱮᱛᱟ, ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱤᱞ

International Monetary Fund| Abbreviation | IMF |
| ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ | 27 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1945 (1945-᱑᱒-27) |
| Type | International financial institution |
| Purpose | Promote international monetary co-operation, facilitate international trade, foster sustainable economic growth, make resources available to members experiencing balance of payments difficultie |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C. U.S. |
| Location | * Headquartered in Washington, D.C.
 |
| Coordinates | ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Region served | Worldwide |
| Membership | 189 countries |
| Official language  | English |
| Managing Director (MD) | David Lipton (Acting) |
| Chief Economist | Gita Gopinath |
| Main organ | Board of Governors |
| Parent organization | United Nations |
| Staff | 2,400 |
| Website | www.imf.org |

**Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Check\_for\_deprecated\_parameters at line 66: attempt to index local 'deprecated' (a nil value).**

ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ (ᱟᱭ,ᱮᱢ,ᱮᱯᱷ) ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ International Monetary Fund(IMF)᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱵᱷᱨᱰᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱥᱟᱝᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱗ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱚᱣᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ ᱰᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱣᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱟᱭᱮᱢᱮᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

᱑᱙᱔᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱣᱦᱮᱢᱟᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱴᱚᱱ ᱩᱰᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱮᱢᱮᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱮᱢᱮᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ᱾

## ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ

᱑᱙᱔᱔ ᱥᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱮᱢᱮᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

᱑᱾ ᱢᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤᱠ᱾
᱒᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱢᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮ ᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ᱾
᱓᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾

## ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ

*
*
* আন্তর্জাতিক সম্পর্ক, সংগঠন ও পররাষ্ট্রনীতি - শাহ মোঃ আব্দুল হাই

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* + IMF Publications page
		- World Economic Outlook – quarterly staff periodical
		- recurrent Regional Economic Reports – published annually
		- biennial Global Financial Stability Report
		- Staff Discussion Notes – publication as and when desired
		- Fiscal Monitor publication as and when desired
		- Finance and Development – quarterly academic journal

* IFIWatchNet (Web resource for analysis and commentary critical of the IMF and similar institutions)
* "IMF-Supported Macroeconomic Policies and the World Recession: A Look at Forty-One Borrowing Countries", from the **Center for Economic and Policy Research**, October 2009
* "Proceedings and Documents of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, July 1–22, 1944"
* "IMF's Effect on Third World Countries" from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
* "IMF and Ukraine found a compromise" Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱑᱒-᱒᱘ at the Wayback Machine.

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ

| ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ
澳門 |
| --- |
| ᱟᱹᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ |
|  |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ |  ᱪᱤᱱ |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ |
| ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ |
|  • ᱜᱩᱴ | 115.3 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (44.5 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |
| ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱥᱤUTC+08:00 (AST) |

ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ (ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤᱺ Macau, /məˈkaʊ/, ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱᱤᱥᱺ 澳門, Cantonese: [ōu.mǔːn]) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱞᱥ ᱨᱤᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱮᱰᱢᱮᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱜ-ᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱰᱚ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ| ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱖᱖᱗,᱔᱐᱐ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱓᱒ᱹ᱙ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ|

ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱚᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,᱑᱕᱕᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱝ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱴᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱚᱪᱚ᱐ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ|᱑᱕᱕᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱚᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱚᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱵᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱭᱮ ᱱᱟ |

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ

ᱢᱟᱠᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱟ/ ᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱹ ("亞/阿-媽/馬-港") ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐ ᱱᱚᱵᱦᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱕᱕᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ|ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱟᱡᱩ (ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱹ ᱢᱟ) ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱹᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱮ ᱫᱩᱜ ᱰᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱲᱪᱟᱲ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ|

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ