# ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ|  |
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ | 4,545,792 km2 (1,755,140 sq mi) |
| ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ | 641,775,797 (3rd) |
| ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ | 135.6/km2 (351/sq mi) |
| ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ (ᱯᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱯᱤ) | $9.727 trillion |
| ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ (ᱱᱚᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ) | $3.317 trillion (exchange rate) |
| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ | $5,017 (exchange rate) |
| ᱮᱭᱤᱪ.ᱰᱤ.ᱟᱭ |  0.723 |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ | **ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱜᱮᱱᱚᱥ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ)** ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ, ᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱱᱮᱜᱽᱨᱤᱴᱳ, ᱞᱳᱞᱳ-ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ **ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ** ᱦᱟᱱ |
| ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ | ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ |
᱑᱑
* ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱟᱭ
* ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
* ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ
* ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ
* ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ
* ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ
* ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ
* ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ
* ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ
* ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱢᱳᱨ
* ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ
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| ᱰᱤᱯᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱥ |
List
* ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱧᱡᱤᱰᱷᱤᱯ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)
* ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱫᱤᱯ (ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ)
* ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data ᱠᱳᱠᱳᱥ (ᱠᱤᱞᱤᱝ) ᱫᱤᱯ (ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ)
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| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ |
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
* ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ
* ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
* ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱚ
* ᱠᱷᱢᱮᱨ
* ᱞᱟᱣ
* ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ
* ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭ
* ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤᱱ
* ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ
* ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ
* ᱛᱮᱛᱩᱢ
* ᱛᱷᱟᱭ
* ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
* **ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱚ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ**: ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱤᱠ
* **ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ**:
	+ ᱢᱚᱱ
	+ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱵᱚᱨ
	+ ᱚᱥᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ
* **ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ**:
	+ ᱛᱟᱜᱟᱞᱚᱜᱽ
	+ ᱛᱮᱛᱩᱢ
	+ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱᱤᱥ
	+ ᱥᱩᱸᱰᱟᱱᱤ
	+ ᱥᱤᱵᱩᱟᱱᱚ
	+ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱤᱥ
	+ ᱤᱞᱳᱠᱟᱱᱳ
	+ ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱜᱮᱱᱚᱱ
	+ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱝᱠᱟᱵᱟᱣ
	+ ᱵᱚᱴᱚᱠ
	+ ᱵᱤᱠᱚᱞ
	+ ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨ
	+ ᱵᱟᱞᱤ
	+ ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱭ
	+ ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱢᱯᱟᱝᱜᱟᱱ
	+ ᱯᱟᱝᱜᱟᱥᱤᱱᱟᱱ
	+ ᱢᱟᱥᱵᱟᱛᱮᱱᱚ
	+ ᱵᱩᱜᱤᱥ
	+ ᱪᱟᱢ
	+ ᱮᱥᱮᱱᱤᱡᱽ
	+ ᱤᱵᱟᱱ
	+ ᱫᱩᱥᱩᱱ
	+ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱡᱮᱱ
	+ ᱞᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱣᱟᱝ/ᱞᱩᱱᱫᱟᱭᱮᱦ
	+ ᱢᱚᱠᱮᱱ
* **Creoles**:
	+ Chavacano
	+ Tok Pisin
	+ Kristang
	+ Betawi
	+ Ambonese
* **ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱲ**:
	+ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ
	+ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱜᱩ
	+ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ
* **Great Andamanese**:
	+ Aka-Jeru (Present Great Andamanese)
* **ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ**:
	+ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ
	+ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
	+ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ
	+ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ
	+ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ
	+ ᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ
	+ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ
	+ ᱰᱟᱪ
	+ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱞᱤ
	+ ᱨᱚᱦᱤᱝᱭᱟ
	+ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ
* **Ongan**:
	+ Onge
	+ Jarawa
	+ Sentinelese ?
* **ᱛᱟᱭ–ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ**:
	+ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ
	+ ᱞᱟᱣ
	+ ᱥᱟᱱ
* **ᱪᱤᱱᱤ-ᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛᱤ**:
	+ ᱵᱩᱨᱢᱤ
	+ Rakhine
	+ Karen
	+ Mandarin
	+ Cantonese
	+ Min
	+ Hmar
	+ ᱢᱤᱡᱚ
	+ ᱡᱳᱢᱤ
	+ Thadou
	+ Meitei
* ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ — ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥ
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| ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ | 5 time zones* + **ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐**: ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱧᱡᱤᱰᱷᱤᱯ
	+ **ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱐᱖:᱓᱐**: ᱠᱚᱠᱚᱥ (ᱠᱤᱞᱤᱝ) ᱫᱤᱯ • ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ
	+ **ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱗:᱐᱐**: ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ • ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱫᱤᱯ • ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ • ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ • ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ • ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ
	+ **ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱘:᱐᱐**: ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱮᱭ • ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ • ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ • ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ • ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ
	+ **ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱙:᱐᱐**: ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱢᱳᱨ • ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ
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| ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱴᱤ.ᱮᱞ.ᱰᱤ | .bn, .id, .kh, .la, .mm, .my, .ph, .sg, .th, .tl, .vn |
| ᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ | Zone 6 & 8 |
| ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ |
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ
* ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱱ
* ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱱ
* ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱨᱛᱟ
* ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱱᱛᱤᱭᱮᱱ
* ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ
* Nay Pyi Daw
* ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ
* ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ
* ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ
* ᱫᱤᱞᱤ
* ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ

ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ
* Bandung
* Bekasi
* ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ
* Can Tho
* Da Nang
* Cebu City
* Davao City
* Denpasar
* Depok
* George Town
* ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ
* ᱦᱟᱭ Phong
* ᱦᱳ ᱪᱤ ᱢᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ
* ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱨᱛᱟ
* ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ
* Makassar
* ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ
* ᱢᱮᱫᱟᱱ
* Quezon City
* Semarang
* ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ
* Surabaya
* Tangerang
* ᱭᱮᱝᱜᱳᱱ
* Yogyakarta
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| ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ᱔᱙ ᱠᱳᱰ | `035` – ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ `142` – ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ `001` – ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ |

**ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ** ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱖ ᱮᱴᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱼᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱝᱥᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱞᱚᱨᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱼᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱚᱨᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱢᱳᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ :

1. ᱢᱩᱬ ᱚᱛ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱫᱤᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ *ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱪᱤᱱ* ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ, ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ, ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱫᱤᱯᱤᱭ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
2. ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱯᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ *ᱱᱩᱥᱚᱱᱛᱟᱨᱟ* ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱧᱡᱤᱰᱷᱤᱯ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ), ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱟᱭ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱢᱳᱨ, ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱔,᱕᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱕% ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱕᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘.᱕% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱰᱮᱯᱷᱤᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱ

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱽᱫᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱳᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ *ᱱᱟᱱᱭᱟᱝ* ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ "ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ" ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱪᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱽᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱥᱤᱥᱤ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ (ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ *ᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ* (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱪᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱯᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱥᱤᱟᱭᱤᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱵᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱯᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱠᱟᱱᱚ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱜᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱐᱓᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖,᱕᱐᱓ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱣᱟ, ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱠᱟᱠ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱕,᱙᱖᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙,᱕᱗᱗ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱠᱟᱠᱟᱵᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ, ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱡᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱨᱟᱣ (ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱾
ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱔,᱕᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱖᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟᱠᱚ, ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ (᱑᱔᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Topography of Southeast Asia in detail Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱕-᱐᱖-᱒᱓ at the Wayback Machine. (PDF) (previous version)
* Southeast Asian Archive at the University of California, Irvine at Archive.is (archived ᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒)
* Southeast Asia Digital Library at Northern Illinois University
* "Documenting the Southeast Asian Refugee Experience", exhibit at the University of California, Irvine, Library at Archive.is (archived ᱒᱕ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱓)
* Southeast Asia Visions, a collection of historical travel narratives Cornell University Library Digital Collection
* Official website of the ASEAN Tourism Association Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱑-᱐᱗-᱓᱐ at the Wayback Machine.
* Art of Island Southeast Asia, a full text exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ

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