# ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ (Khowar: کھووار, romanized: khowār, IPA: [khoːwaːr]), ᱥᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞᱤ, ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ-ᱵᱚᱞᱴᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱯᱤᱥ-ᱭᱟᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱡᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱣᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱮᱥᱚᱣᱟᱨ, ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱞᱟᱦᱳᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

| Khowar |
| --- |
| کھووار |
| Khowar written in the Khowar alphabet in Nastaliq style. |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | Pakistan |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | Chitral District |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | Kho people |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ  | **Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".** |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | Indo-European
* Indo-Iranian
	+ Indo-Aryan
		- Chitrali
			* **Khowar**
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | Khowar alphabet (In Nastaliq style.) |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ |
| ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ | Association for the Promotion of Khowar |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-3 | `khw` |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `khow1242` |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | `59-AAB-aa` |
| Khowar is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken in Chitral, it is given a space in this map. |
| Areas where Khowar is spoken. |

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱣᱟᱨ). ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞᱤ (ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱠᱷᱥᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱥᱠᱚᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱘᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴᱱᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱟᱥᱤᱱ (ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ-ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, **ᱢᱩᱞᱠᱷᱳᱣ** ᱟᱨ **ᱴᱳᱨᱠᱳᱣ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ** ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱳᱨᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱭᱟᱨᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱛᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱟᱠᱷᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱚᱫᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ

**ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱢᱚᱨᱜᱮᱱᱥᱴᱭᱟᱨᱱ** ᱫᱚᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, "ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"

## ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ

ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

**ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ**

|  | Front | Central | Back |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Close | i |  | u |
| Mid | ɛ |  | ɔ |
| Open |  | ɑ |  |

ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ /ɑː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /ɔː/, ᱟᱨ /uː/ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, "ᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱞ-ᱞᱮᱝᱜᱽᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱮᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾" ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱥᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱥ (retroflex) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

**ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ**

|  | Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Post- velar | Glottal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nasal | m | n |  |  |  |  |  |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ |  | k | q |  |
| voiced | b | d | ɖ |  | g |  |  |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ |  | kʰ |  |  |
| Affricate | voiceless |  | ts | ʈʂ | tɕ |  |  |  |
| voiced |  | dz | ɖʐ | dʑ |  |  |  |
| aspirated |  | tsʰ | ʈʂʰ | tɕʰ |  |  |  |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | ɕ | x |  | h |
| voiced |  | z | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ |  |  |
| Approximant | ʋ | l(ʲ) ɫ |  | j | (w) |  |  |
| Rhotic |  | ɾ |  |  |  |  |  |

/x ɣ h ʋ ɾ/ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱳᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱫᱚ [χ ʁ ɦ w ɹ] ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ /q x ɣ f/ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱤ. ᱟᱭ. ᱟᱭ. ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱳ-ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

**ᱟᱲᱟᱝ**
ᱰᱟᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ