Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ

ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱨ
**ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ** (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/), officially the **Swiss Confederation**, ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱺᱲ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱺᱲ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱱ᱾ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱺᱲ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱛᱮᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱩᱣᱟ ᱟᱭ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱲᱤ, ᱪᱚᱠᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱹᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱢᱠᱚᱨᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮᱸ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱵᱟᱹᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱳᱣᱟ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚ

ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi)᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱵᱽᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱟᱞᱯᱚᱥ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱩ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱦᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱡᱟ᱾

## ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ

ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱳᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱣᱟ᱾

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ

* Index of Switzerland-related articles
* Outline of Switzerland
* *Switzerland* – Wikipedia book

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Government
* The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation
* The Federal Council
* Switzerland's information portal
* Swiss Statistics at the Swiss Federal Statistical Office.
* Practical informations

Reference
* Switzerland at *UCB Libraries GovPubs*.
* Switzerland entry at *Encyclopædia Britannica*.
* Switzerland at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
* Switzerland profile from the BBC News.

Geography
* Wikimedia Atlas of Switzerland
* Federal Office of Topography
* Searchable interactive map (search.ch)
* Geographic data related to Switzerland at OpenStreetMap

Travel
* Tourism

History
* (in German) (in French) (in Italian) Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
* Swiss American Historical Society

Languages
* swiss-linguistics.com, a portal on current linguistic research in Switzerland.

News media
* Daily newspapers
	+ (in German) *Tages-Anzeiger*
	+ (in German) *Neue Zürcher Zeitung*
	+ (in French) *Le Temps*
	+ (in Italian) *Corriere Del Ticino*
* swissinfo.ch, Swiss News – Worldwide

Education
* Universities in Switzerland
* The Swiss School System

Science, research, and technology
* State Secretariat for Education and Research, SER
* The Swiss Portal for Research and Innovation (private source).

## ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
# ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ

WTO members and observers**ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ** (ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ World Trade Organization) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱰᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱚᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱒᱓ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱕ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱞᱚᱠᱠᱷᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥᱥᱚ ᱠᱚ

᱑ᱹ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ
᱒ᱹ ᱩᱫᱽᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ
᱓ᱹ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱲ ᱮᱸᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭ

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* বিশ্ব বাণিজ্য সংস্থা
* World\_Trade\_Organization

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ

**ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ** ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ/ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ , ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ **ᱟᱥᱲᱟ** ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱭ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱦᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱵᱮᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱰᱷᱟᱣ, ᱵᱮᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱪᱟᱣ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾

## ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱢᱮ

* Dodge, B. (1962). ‘*Muslim Education in the Medieval Times*’, The Middle East Institute, Washington D.C.
* *Education as Enforcement: The Militarization and Corporatization of Schools*, edited by Kenneth J. Saltman and David A. Gabbard, RoutledgeFalmer 2003. Review.
* Makdisi, G. (1980). ‘*On the origin and development of the college in Islam and the West*’, in Islam and the Medieval West, ed. Khalil I. Semaan, *State University of New York* Press.
* Nakosteen, M. (1964). ‘*History of Islamic origins of Western Education AD 800-1350*’,.
* Ribera, J. (1928). ‘*Disertaciones Y Opusculos*’, 2 vols., Madrid.
* Spielhofer, Thomas, Tom Benton, Sandie Schagen. "A study of the effects of school size and single-sex education in English schools." *Research Papers in Education*, June 2004:133 159, 27.
* Toppo, Greg. "High-tech school security is on the rise." *USA Today*, 9 October 2006.
* *Traditions and Encounters*, by Jerry H. Bentley and Herb F. Ziegler.
# ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ

"ᱠᱟᱱᱫᱚᱬᱟ"
**ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ** ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ । ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ । ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟ., ᱵᱷᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚᱠ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟ., ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟ. ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱟ.ᱫᱤᱵᱟ.ᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱻᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

### ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ

ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ:

| Standard Odia | Baleswari Odia |
| --- | --- |
| Kana/ᱠᱚᱬᱚ (କଣ/କଅଣ) | Kisa/ᱠᱤᱥᱚ (କିସ) |
| Kanhiki/ᱠᱟᱦᱤᱸᱠᱤ (କାହିଁକି) | Kene/ᱠᱮᱱᱮ (କେନେ) |
| Odisa/ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ (ଓଡ଼ିସା) | Udisa/ᱩᱰᱤᱥᱟ (ଉଡ଼ିସା) |
| Potala/ᱯᱳᱴᱚᱲ (ପୋଟଳ) | Putula/ᱯᱩᱴᱩᱲᱚ (ପୁଟୁଳ) |
| Khaibaku/ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱵᱟᱠᱩ (ଖାଇବାକୁ) | Khaite/ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱛᱮ (ଖାଇତେ) |
| Soibaku/ᱥᱳᱭᱤᱵᱟᱠᱩ (ସୋଇବାକୁ) | Suite/ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱛᱮ (ସୁଇତେ) |
| Jibi/ᱡᱤᱵᱤ (ଜିବି) | Jimi/ᱡᱤᱢᱤ (ଜିମି) |
| Goda/ᱜᱳᱰᱚ (ଗୋଡ଼) | Guda/ᱜᱩᱰᱚ (ଗୁଡ଼) |
| Polo/ᱯᱳᱞᱚ (ପୋଲ) | Pula/ᱯᱩᱞᱚ (ପୁଲ) |
| Luna/ᱞᱩᱬᱚ (ଲୁଣ), Luga (ଲୁଗା) | Nuna/ᱱᱩᱬᱚ (ନୁଣ), Nuga (ନୁଗା) |
| Olata/ᱳᱞᱚᱴᱟ (ଓଲଟା) | Ulta/ᱩᱞᱴᱟ (ଉଲଟା) |

## ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
# ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱚᱢᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ

| ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱚᱢᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| --- |
| ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| ଗଞ୍ଜାମୀ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ (ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱚᱢ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ, ᱠᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱢᱟᱞ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ (ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱟᱠᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱛᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ) |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ
* ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ
	+ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ
		- ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ
			* ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
				+ **ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱚᱢᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ**
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `sout2666`  Southern Oriya |

**ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱚᱢᱤ ᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟ** (**ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟ** ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ **ᱵᱚᱨᱦᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ** ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱳᱲᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱱᱡᱟᱢ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱢᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱫᱨᱚᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱟᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ **ᱵᱚᱨᱦᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ** ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

## ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ

ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ (ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ) ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱚᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ᱾

| ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ | ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱚᱢᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| --- | --- |
| ᱠᱚᱬᱚ (କଣ/କଅଣ) | ᱠᱤᱭᱚᱬᱚ (କିଅଣ)/ᱠᱤᱥᱚ(କିସ) |
| ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱠᱟᱨᱤ (ତରକାରି) | ᱛᱩᱬᱚ/ᱛᱤᱭᱚᱬᱚ (ତୁଣ/ ତିଅଣ) |
| ᱞᱳᱠᱚ (ଲୋକ) | ᱱᱳᱠᱚ (ନୋକ) |
| ᱞᱩᱬᱚ (ଲୁଣ) | ᱱᱩᱬᱚ (ନୁଣ) |
| ᱳᱞᱚᱴᱟ (ଓଲଟା) | ᱩᱞᱚᱴᱟ (ଉଲଟା) |
| ᱵᱤᱨᱚᱠᱛᱚ (ବିରକ୍ତ) | ᱵᱤᱡᱟᱨᱚ (ବିଜାର) |
| ᱜᱳᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱤ (ଗୋଳିଆ ଘାଣ୍ଟି) | ᱟᱞᱚᱨᱟ (ଆଲରା) |
| ᱠᱷᱚᱴᱟ (ଖଟା) | ᱟᱢᱵᱤᱲᱚ (ଆମ୍ବିଳ) |
| ᱥᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ (ସଜନା) | ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱟ (ମୁନିକା) |
| ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱟᱠᱚᱵᱤ (ବନ୍ଧାକୋବି) | ᱯᱚᱛᱨᱚᱠᱚᱵᱤ (ପତ୍ରକୋବି) |
| ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱭᱮ (ଗୁଡ଼ିଏ) | ᱢᱮᱧᱪᱮ (ମେଞ୍ଚେ) |
| ᱡᱮᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱛᱤ (ଯେମିତି ସେମିତି) | ᱡᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱤ (ଜିନ୍ଦି ସିନ୍ଦି) |
| ᱴᱷᱤᱯᱤ (ଠିପି) | ᱠᱷᱟᱯᱚ (ଖାପ) |
| ᱛᱟᱞᱟ(ତାଲା) | ᱜᱮᱰᱟ(ଗେଡ଼ା) |
| ᱯᱤᱴᱤᱵᱟ(ପିଟିବା) | ᱠᱳᱰᱰᱤᱵᱟ(କୋଡ୍ଡିବା) |
| ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱤᱵᱟ(ଖାଇବା) | ᱛᱮᱱᱰᱤᱵᱟ(ତେଣ୍ଡିବା)/ᱜᱮᱢᱯᱷᱤᱵᱟ(ଗେମ୍ଫିବା)(ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ) |

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

*

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Odia language
# ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

| ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ |
| --- |
| ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| ସମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ |
| ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ 'ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ' ᱾ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ  | ᱒.᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ) |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ
* ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ
	+ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ
		- ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ
			* ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
				+ **ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ**
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-3 | `spv` |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `samb1325`  ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ `west2384`  ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
|  |

ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
**ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ** ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ *ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ* ᱟᱨ *ᱠᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ* (ᱠᱳᱥᱞᱤ, ᱠᱳᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱢᱰᱟᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱯᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ

ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ (ᱨᱮᱲᱟᱠᱷᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ), ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱩᱰᱟ, ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱜᱚᱰ, ᱥᱩᱵᱟᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱟᱝᱜᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱯᱚᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾

## ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ

ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱜᱥᱮᱞᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ

## ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ

## ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱘ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ

ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱙᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ "ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱤᱛᱮᱭᱥᱟᱱᱤ" ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ "ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱩᱫᱷᱚᱱ" ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "*ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱚᱱᱪᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱵᱤᱛᱟ*" ᱾

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Biswal, Tuna (2010). "Politics of Sambalpuri or Kosali as a dialect of Oriy in Orissa" (PDF). *Language in India*. **10** (11).
* Registered newspapers and magazines published in Kosli language Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱒-᱐᱑-᱒᱒ at the Wayback Machine.
* Datta, S.P. (2002). "Sambalpuri dialect". *Linguistic survey of India: special studies: Orissa*. Special studies / Linguistic Survey of India. Kolkata: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General, India. pp. 67–93.
# ᱯᱨᱟᱬᱚ ᱠᱨᱩᱥᱱᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱡᱟ

| ᱯᱨᱟᱬᱚ ᱠᱨᱩᱥᱱᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱡᱟ |
| --- |
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| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ  ᱟᱨ  ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱑(1891-04-01) ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱠᱩᱰᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱛᱥᱤᱝᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) |
| ᱜᱩᱨ | ᱐᱒ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱘ (ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ | ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ |
| ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ | ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ University of Cambridge |
| ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ | Padma Bhushan (1955) Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE; 1944) |
| **Scientific career** |
| Fields | ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱣᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ |
| Institutions |  ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱲ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ |
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| Member: 1st Odisha Legislative Assembly |
| **ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ** 1952–1957 |
| ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | Balikuda |
|  |
|  |

**ᱯᱨᱟᱬᱚ ᱠᱨᱩᱥᱱᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱡᱟ** ᱫᱚ (᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱑ ᱼ ᱒ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱘) ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱣᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱠᱩᱰᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱛᱥᱤᱝᱯᱩᱨ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱣᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱩᱛᱠᱟᱹᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱪᱟᱱᱥᱮᱞᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱮᱰᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱪᱟᱱᱥᱮᱞᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱸᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

## ᱡᱤᱣᱚᱱ

ᱯᱨᱟᱬᱚ ᱠᱨᱩᱥᱱᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱭᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱩᱛᱷᱩᱢ ᱯᱚᱥᱚᱸᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱣᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱨᱟᱬᱚ ᱠᱨᱩᱥᱱᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱡᱟ ᱩᱫᱣᱤᱫ ᱣᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱯᱤᱛ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱬᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱼᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱪᱚᱨᱭᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱜᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱣᱤᱜᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱜᱫᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱼᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱸᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱩᱛᱠᱟᱹᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱪᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱣᱚᱭᱜᱭᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱩᱛᱷᱩᱢ ᱱᱤᱨᱣᱟᱪᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

## ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ

* *ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱱᱥᱟᱤᱰᱥ ᱥᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯᱷ (᱑᱙᱑᱘), ᱠᱷᱨᱟᱭᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ, ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱮᱡ -* a scholarship to encourage clinical research in the field of organic diseases of the nervous system.
* Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), 1944 New Year Honours
* ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱬ, 1955

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱰ

* Odisha Review (Jan 2012): Dr. Pranakrushna Parija
* Parijā, OCLC WorldCat Identities: Prāṇakr̥shṇa 1891-1978 Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱓-᱐᱘-᱒᱘ at the Wayback Machine.
# ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ

| ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ |
| --- |
| Durga as Mahishasura-Mardini, the slayer of the buffalo demon |
| Sanskrit transliteration | *Durgā* (\dûr-gā\) |
| Affiliation | Adi-Parashakti, Sati, Parvati, Ambika, Katyayani, Kaushiki, Tridevi, Vaishno Devi, Bhagavati |
| Weapon | Chakra (discus), Shankha (conch shell), Trishula (Trident), Gada (mace), Bow and Arrow, Scimitar and Shield, Ghanta (bell) |
| Mount | Tiger or Lion |
| Festivals | Durga Puja, Durga Ashtami, Navratri, Vijayadashami |
| Genealogy |
| Consort | Shiva |
| Children | Kartikeya, Ganesha, Ashok Sundari |

**ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ** ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱫᱤᱵᱤ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱫᱤᱵᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱠᱟ, ᱡᱳᱜᱽᱢᱟᱭᱟ, ᱚᱢᱵᱤᱠᱟ, ᱵᱳᱭᱥᱱᱳᱵᱤ, ᱢᱳᱦᱤᱥᱟᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱟᱨᱤᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱤ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱟᱭᱟ, ᱠᱟᱛᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱠᱚ᱾ ᱫᱤᱵᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱭ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱳᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱵᱤ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱯᱟᱨᱵᱳᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱛᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱤᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱠᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱠᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱳᱭᱛᱨᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱠᱞᱳ ᱯᱚᱠᱠᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱵᱤ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮ

## ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

## ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
# ᱥᱤᱵ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hdeity infobox

ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱩᱭᱤᱡ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱫ,ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱟᱸᱦᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱦᱱᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱰᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱛᱨᱤᱢᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱩᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱲᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱟᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱰᱚᱢᱨᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱱᱰᱚᱵᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱲᱟᱥ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱛᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱫ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱳᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱴᱟ‌ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟ‌.ᱣ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱯᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱩᱭᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱚᱼᱤᱡ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

## ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ

ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢᱦᱟᱼᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱼᱢᱚᱦᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ,ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱼᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱵᱼ ᱥᱚᱛ,ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ(ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱚ) ᱢᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱛᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱞᱩ(ନୀଳବର୍ଣ୍ଣ) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

## ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ

* ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱱᱚᱱᱚ: ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱛᱟᱷᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱱᱚᱱᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱱᱚᱱᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ; ᱥᱚᱫᱽᱭᱳᱡᱟᱛᱚ,ᱵᱟᱢᱚᱫᱮᱵᱚ,ᱚᱜᱷᱳᱨᱚ,ᱛᱚᱛᱯᱩᱨᱩᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱟᱱᱚ ᱾
* ᱟᱥᱩᱛᱳᱥ: ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱥᱤᱨᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱩᱛᱳᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

## ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱩᱸᱭ

ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟ‌ ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱨᱟᱛᱨᱤ (ᱡᱟᱜᱚᱨᱚ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ), ᱵᱳᱞ ᱵᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ

* ᱡᱽᱭᱳᱛᱤᱨᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚᱢ

## ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ

## ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Sri Rudrashtakam (In English)
* Various Aspects of Lord Siva Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱐᱓-᱐᱙ at the Wayback Machine.
* Shiva Chalisa (prayer for Lord Shiva)

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଦେବୀ ଦେବତା ଓ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଶିବ ମନ୍ଦିର

ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଦେବତା
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ଅଧାଗଢା
# ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ
**ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ** (English "Jainism" /ˈdʒeɪnɪzəm/ or /ˈdʒaɪnɪzəm/) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱨᱟᱹᱠᱩᱣᱟ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸᱠᱩ ᱮᱢᱟᱣᱠᱩᱣᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱷᱤᱨᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱠᱳᱣᱟ᱾

## ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱟᱫᱽ (Doctrine)

ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ Non-violence ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸᱱᱤ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ Violence ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭᱟ᱾

## ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ practice

## ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱡᱽᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱧᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱒᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾

## ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Census of India 2001. Office of the Registrar General, India.
* Concept of Physical Substance (Pudgala) in Jain Philosophy: Professor Mahavir Saran Jain Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱐᱗-᱑᱘ at the Wayback Machine.
* The Concept Of Embodied Soul And Liberated Soul In Jain Philosophy: Professor Mahavir Saran Jain Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱐᱗-᱑᱙ at the Wayback Machine.
* Jaina Architecture in India
* About Jain Religion, Teerth, 24 Tirthankaras

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ

ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱨ**ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ** (/ˈkænədə/ ( listen); French: [kanadɑ]) ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱠᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤᱠᱩ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱟᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱠᱩ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱩ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱴᱷᱮᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱠᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱩᱣᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱴᱟ (kanata) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱶᱴᱟ ᱠᱳᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱺᱭᱲᱤ᱾ ᱑᱕᱔᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱛᱮᱜᱮᱠᱩ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚ

ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱔᱑ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱨᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱦᱟᱹᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱛᱜᱮ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱧᱩᱨᱦᱟᱹᱜ-ᱟ᱾

## ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱟᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ

* Index of Canada-related articles
* Outline of Canada
* Topics by provinces and territories
* *Canada* – Wikipedia book

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Overviews
* Canada from UCB Libraries GovPubs
* Canada at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
* Canada from BBC News
* Canada Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱐᱔-᱓᱐ at the Wayback Machine. from the CIA's *The World Factbook*
* Canada profile from the OECD
* Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada from Library and Archives Canada
* Key Development Forecasts for Canada from International Futures

Government
* Official website of the Government of Canada
* Official website of the Governor General of Canada
* Official website of the Prime Ministers of Canada

Travel
* Canada's official website for travel and tourism
* Official website of Destination Canada Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱐᱔-᱒᱖ at the Wayback Machine.

Studies
* A Guide to the Sources Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱖-᱐᱘-᱒᱒ at the Wayback Machine. from International Council for Canadian Studies

## ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ