# ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ

| ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ
ᱠᱟᱥᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱢᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱱᱫᱟᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱩᱰᱨᱚᱵᱷᱥᱟ |
| --- |
| ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱥ |
| Left to Right, Top to Bottom:
Ahilya Ghat, Chet Singh Ghat, Kedar Ghat, Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat, Ganges River bank along Varanasi, Man offering prayers to the river Ganga, Dashashwamedh Ghat |
| ᱵᱟᱦᱱᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: The spiritual capital of India |
| ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ |
| ᱠᱳᱣᱚᱨᱰᱤᱱᱮᱴᱥ: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ |  ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ |
| ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ | ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ |
| ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ |
|  • ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ | ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ |
|  • ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱛᱷᱟ | ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ |
|  • ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨ | ᱢᱨᱤᱫᱩᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱭᱥᱣᱟᱞ (ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱯᱤ) |
|  • ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ | ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱠ ᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚᱜᱟᱞ, IAS |
|  • ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱲᱚᱥ | ᱠᱚᱣᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱨᱢᱟ, IAS |
|  • Inspector General, Varanasi Range | ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱢᱤᱱᱟ, IPS |
|  • Senior Superintendent of Police | ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱨᱤ, IPS |
| ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ |
|  • ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱥ | 163.8 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (63.2 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) |
| ᱩᱥᱩᱞ | 80.71 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (264.80 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) |
| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ (᱒᱐᱑᱑) |
|  • ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱥ | ᱑᱒᱐᱑᱘᱑᱕ |
|  • ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱓᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ |
|  • ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ | 7300/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (19000/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ) |
|  • ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ | ᱑᱔᱓᱒᱒᱘᱐ (᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ) |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |
|  • ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ |
|  • ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | ᱩᱨᱫᱩ |
|  • ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ | ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ |
| ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐ (IST) |
| PIN | ᱒᱒᱑ ᱐᱐᱑ to\*\* (\*\* ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱰ) |
| ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | ᱐᱕᱔᱒ |
| ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ | UP 65 |
| GDP | $3.07 billion (2016–17) |
| Per capita income | INR 1,93 616 |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | ᱐.᱙᱒᱖ (᱒᱐᱑᱑) ♂/♀ |
| ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ (᱒᱐᱑᱑) | ᱘᱐.᱓᱑% |
| HDI | 0.645 |
| ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ | varanasi.nic.in |

**ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ** ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ **ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ** ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, **ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ**, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ **ᱠᱟᱥᱤ**, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱒᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱕ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱚᱵᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ *(ᱥᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ)* ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱚᱵᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱫᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱐.᱗᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱔.᱘ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱚᱨᱫᱷᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱕᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱙᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱙᱕ ᱢᱤᱞ), ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱒᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱞᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱕ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱖᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱙ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ "ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ" ᱼ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱼᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ (sub-units) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱼ ᱑᱑᱒.᱒᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱓.᱓᱔ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱫᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨᱟ, ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱵᱚᱪᱪᱚᱱ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ, ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱯᱩᱨᱟ, ᱵᱩᱞᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ, ᱪᱮᱭᱛᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱠᱚᱣᱠᱟᱜᱷᱟᱴ, ᱪᱚᱣᱠ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱽᱟᱸᱰᱤ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱟᱝᱦ, ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱡᱮᱛᱯᱩᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ, ᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱛᱣᱟᱞᱤ, ᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱸᱰᱩᱣᱟᱰᱤᱦ, ᱞᱚᱠᱥᱟ, ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱥᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱚᱦᱢᱩᱨᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱣᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱯᱚᱠᱷᱨᱤ, ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱜᱚᱨᱟ ᱾

## ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱔,᱓᱕,᱑᱑᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱗᱖᱑,᱐᱖᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖᱗᱔,᱐᱕᱓ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱓,᱗᱑,᱗᱔᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱗᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ, ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑,᱑᱐᱐,᱗᱔᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱘᱘᱓ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱗᱗% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱚᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

**CitationsBibliography Academy, Students'. *Banaras (Varanasi) – The City of Gods*. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-557-91475-3. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sps
* Asher, Catherine Blanshard (24 September 1992). *Architecture of Mughal India*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26728-1. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Betts, Vanessa; McCulloch, Victoria (27 September 2013). *India – The North: Forts, Palaces, the Himalaya Dream Trip*. Footprint Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-907263-74-3. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark (2000). *World Music: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific*. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-636-5. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Corp, Real (2007). *CORP 007 Proceedings*. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-3-9502139-3-5. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sps
* Bansal, Sunita Pant (2008). *Hindu Pilgrimage*. *Teertha*. Pustak Mahal. pp. 6–9, 34–35. ISBN 9788122309973. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Berwick, Dennison (1986). *A Walk Along The Ganges*. Dennison Berwick. ISBN 978-0-7137-1968-0. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Betts, Vanessa; McCulloch, Victoria (30 October 2013). *Delhi to Kolkata Footprint Focus Guide*. Footprint Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-909268-40-1. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Bindloss, Joe; Brown, Lindsay; Elliott, Mark (2007). *Northeast India*. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74179-095-5. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Bruyn, Pippa de; Bain, Keith; Allardice, David (18 February 2010). *Frommer's India*. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-64580-2. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* *City Development Plan for Varanasi* (PDF). Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2014.
* Callewaert, Winand M. (2000). *Banaras: vision of a living ancient tradition*. Hemkunt Press. p. 90. ISBN 81-7010-302-9. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Cunningham, Alexander; Sastri, Surendranath Majumdar (2002) [1924]. *Ancient Geography of India*. Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 81-215-1064-3. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Crowther, Geoff; Raj, Prakash A.; Wheeler, Tony (1984). *India, a Travel Survival Kit*. Lonely Planet. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Das, G. N. (1991). *Couplets from Kabīr*. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0935-2. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Desai, Madhuri (2003). "Mosques, Temples, and Orientalists: Hegemonic Imaginations in Banaras" (PDF). *Traditional Dwellings and Settlements*. **XV** (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2020-07-28. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Dunlop, Fiona; Sykes, Carol; Jackson, Felicity (2001). *Fodor's Exploring India*. Fodor's Travel Publications. ISBN 978-0-679-00707-4. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Eck, Diana L. (1982). *Banaras, City of Light*. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11447-9. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). *History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469–1606 C.E*. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0857-8. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Gupta, Amita (2006). *Early Childhood Education, Postcolonial Theory, and Teaching Practices in India: Balancing Vygotsky and the Veda*. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-7114-2. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Gupta, Shobhna (2003). *Monuments of India*. Har-Anand Publications. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-241-0926-7.
* Herman, A. L. (1999). *Community, Violence, and Peace: Aldo Leopold, Mohandas K. Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Gautama the Buddha in the Twenty-First Century*. SUNY Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-7914-3983-8. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Hussain, Ansar (1 January 1999). *Rediscovery of India, The: A New Subcontinent*. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-1595-6. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* (India), Uttar Pradesh (1965). *Uttar Pradesh district gazetteers*. Govt. of Uttar Pradesh. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Jacobsen, Knut A. (2013). *Pilgrimage in the Hindu Tradition: Salvific Space*. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-59038-9. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Jayaswal, Vidula (2009). *Ancient Varanasi: an archaeological perspective (excavations at Aktha)*. Aryan Books International. ISBN 978-81-7305-355-9.
* Kasbekar, Asha (2006). *Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts, And Lifestyle*. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-636-7. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Kishore, Kaushal (2008). *Holy Ganga*. Rupa Publications. ISBN 978-81-291-3328-1. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Kochhar, Atul (4 June 2015). *Benares: Michelin Starred Cooking*. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4729-2078-2. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Kramrisch, Stella (1946). *The Hindu Temple*. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0223-0.
* Kumar, Brajesh (2003). *Pilgrimage Centres of India*. Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. ISBN 978-81-7182-185-3. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Limited, Eicher Goodearth (2002). *Good Earth Varanasi City Guide*. Eicher Goodearth Limited. ISBN 978-81-87780-04-5. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Medhasananda (2002). *Varanasi at the crossroads: a panoramic view of early modern Varanasi and the story of its transition*. Ramakrishna Mission, Institute of Culture. ISBN 978-81-87332-18-3. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Mellor, Ronald; Podany, Amanda H. (2005). *The World in Ancient Times: Primary Sources and Reference Volume*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-522220-3.
* Melton, J. Gordon (1 January 2007). *The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena*. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 978-1-57859-209-8. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010). *Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices*. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Merriam-Webster (1999). *Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions*. Merriam-Webster. p. 910. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Misra, Jaishree (2007). *Rani*. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-310210-6. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Mitra, Swati (2002). *Good Earth Varanasi City Guide*. Eicher Goodearth Limited. ISBN 978-81-87780-04-5. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Mohanty, Bidyut (1993). *Urbanisation in Developing Countries: Basic Services and Community Participation*. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-475-4. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Out, Time (2010). *Time Out India: Perfect Places to Stay, Eat and Explore*. Time Out Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84670-164-1. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Pandey, K. N. (1989). *Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: A Study of Small and Marginal Farmers of Varanasi, U.P.* Northern Book Centre. ISBN 978-81-85119-68-7. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Pintchman, Tracy (2005). *Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares*. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8256-8. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Pletcher, Kenneth (2010). *The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places*. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-61530-142-3. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Prakash, Satya (1981). *Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume*. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-0-391-02358-1. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Ray, Satyajit (2003). *Adventures of Feluda : Mystery of the El*. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-333574-0.
* Schreitmüller, Karen (2012). *Baedeker India*. Baedeker. ISBN 978-3-8297-6622-7. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Shackley, Myra (2001). *Managing Sacred Sites: Service Provision and Visitor Experience*. Cengage Learning EMEA. ISBN 978-1-84480-107-7.
* Sharma, Urmila; Sharma, S.K. (2001). *Indian Political Thought*. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-7156-678-5. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Sharma, Virendra Nath (1995). *Sawai Jai Singh And His Astronomy*. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1256-7. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Singh, Ram Bali (1975). *Rajput Clan-settlements in Varanasi District*. National Geographical Society of India. OCLC 4702795. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Singh, Rana (2 October 2009). *Banaras: Making of India's Heritage City*. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-1579-6. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Singh; Rana, Pravin S. (2002). *Banaras region: a spiritual & cultural guide*. Indica Books. ISBN 9788186569245. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Singh, Sarina (2009). *India*. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74179-151-8. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* *The Small Hands of Slavery: Bonded Child Labor in India*. Human Rights Watch. 1996. ISBN 978-1-56432-172-5.
* Tiwari, Reena (2010). *Space-Body-Ritual: Performativity in the City*. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-2857-2. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Twain, Mark (1897). "L". *Following the Equator: A journey around the world*. Hartford, Connecticut, American Pub. Co. ISBN 0-404-01577-8. OCLC 577051. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2007. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help); Unknown parameter `|chapterurl=` ignored (help)
* Vera, Zak (2010). *Invisible River: Sir Richard's Last Mission*. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4389-0020-9.ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sps
* Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Shaw, Marc; Schwartz, Eli (2012). *Travel Medicine: Tales Behind the Science*. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-08-045359-0.
* Sukul, Kuber Nath (1974). *Varanasi Down The Ages*. Kameshwar Nath Sukul. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Warikoo, K. (1 November 2010). *Religion and Security in South and Central Asia*. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-89020-8. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Wood, Jolie M.F. (2011). "Contentious politics and civil society in Varanasi". In Ajay Gudavarthy (ed.). *Re-framing Democracy and Agency at India: Interrogating Political Society*. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-0-85728-350-4. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Vit-Suzan, Dr Ilan (28 March 2014). *Architectural Heritage Revisited: A Holistic Engagement of its Tangible and Intangible Constituents*. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4724-2064-0. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Official website of Varanasi District
* State Government Tourism Website
* ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ at Curlie
* Banaras Bibliography Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱑᱒-᱐᱘ at the Wayback Machine. at the Südasien-Institut, Heidelberg University

ᱛᱷᱚᱢ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ