Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ

| ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ |
| --- |
| ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ |
| Waters of Chembarambakkam Lake Chennai limit |
| ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ |
| ᱠᱳᱣᱚᱨᱰᱤᱱᱮᱴᱥ: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ |  ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ |  ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ |
| ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ | ᱑ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ |
| ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ | ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱟᱨᱩᱱᱟᱱᱤᱰᱷᱤ |
| ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ | ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ |
| ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ | ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ, ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱮᱨᱩᱢᱵᱩᱴᱩᱨ, ᱩᱛᱷᱤᱨᱟᱢᱮᱨᱩᱨ, ᱣᱟᱞᱟᱡᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱠᱩᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟᱴᱷᱩᱨ |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ |
|  • ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥ | ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱚᱱᱱᱤᱭᱟᱥ IAS |
| ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ |
|  • ᱜᱩᱴ | 1448 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (559 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) |
| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ (᱒᱐᱑᱑) |
|  • ᱜᱩᱴ | ᱑᱔᱔᱑᱘᱒᱙ |
|  • ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ | 1000/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (2600/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ) |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |
|  • ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ |
| ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐ (IST) |
| PIN | ᱖᱓᱑ ᱕᱐᱑ |
| ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | ᱐᱔᱔ |
| ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ ᱓᱑᱖᱖ ᱠᱳᱰ | ? |
| ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ | TN-21, TN-87 |
| Coastline | 87.2 kilometres (54.2 mi) |
| ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | ᱠ-᱕᱐.᱖%/ᱛ-᱔᱙.᱔% ♂/♀ |
| ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ | ᱗᱕.᱓᱔% |
| Legislature type | elected |
| Legislature Strength | ᱓ |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ (SC), ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱮᱨᱩᱢᱵᱩᱴᱩᱨ |
| Precipitation | 1,213 millimetres (47.8 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) |
| ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ | kancheepuram.nic.in |

**ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ** ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓᱘ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱪᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

᱑᱘ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱯᱚᱴᱴᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱯᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱯᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱒᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱜᱩ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱮᱰᱚᱯᱯᱚᱰᱤ ᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱞᱟᱱᱤᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱯᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱯᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱣᱚᱱᱱᱚᱢᱞᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱚᱞᱞᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱑᱑° ᱐᱐' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒° ᱐᱐' ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱗° ᱒᱘' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱘° ᱕᱐' ᱞᱚᱝᱜᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱔,᱔᱓,᱒᱑᱐ ᱦᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱙,᱙᱘,᱒᱕᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱘᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱙᱒᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱔᱓᱑,᱕᱗᱔ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒᱐,᱓᱔᱑ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑᱑,᱒᱓᱓ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓.᱗᱑% ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱗᱒.᱙᱙% ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱕.᱓᱗% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑,᱐᱐᱖,᱒᱔᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱥᱚᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ |
| --- |
| ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ | ᱦᱚᱲ. | ±% ᱥᱮ.ᱯᱤ. |
| 1901 | ᱗᱐᱘,᱗᱘᱒ | —     |
| 1911 | ᱗᱕᱙,᱗᱙᱔ | +0.70% |
| 1921 | ᱗᱙᱘,᱔᱐᱘ | +0.50% |
| 1931 | ᱘᱗᱑,᱕᱔᱖ | +0.88% |
| 1941 | ᱙᱕᱖,᱙᱙᱖ | +0.94% |
| 1951 | ᱑,᱐᱓᱐,᱕᱕᱙ | +0.74% |
| 1961 | ᱑,᱑᱖᱗,᱔᱙᱑ | +1.26% |
| 1971 | ᱑,᱔᱙᱙,᱗᱔᱔ | +2.54% |
| 1981 | ᱑,᱘᱙᱘,᱐᱒᱑ | +2.38% |
| 1991 | ᱒,᱔᱑᱕,᱐᱑᱐ | +2.44% |
| 2001 | ᱒,᱘᱗᱗,᱔᱖᱘ | +1.77% |
| 2011 | ᱓,᱙᱙᱘,᱒᱕᱒ | +3.34% |
| source: |

## ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Kanchipuram district website
# ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ

| ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ
Karnataka |
| --- |
| ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ |
|
*From top, left to right:* Mysore Palace, Pattadakal, Gommateshwara statue, Hoysala Empire emblem, Shivanasamudra Falls, Gol Gumbaz, Yakshagana Dance and Virupaksha Temple, Hampi |
|

|  |
| --- |
| ᱥᱤᱞ |

 |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ: "ᱡᱟᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟᱛᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱᱩᱡᱟᱛᱮ"
 "(Victory To You Mother Karnataka, Daughter of Mother India)" |
| ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ |  ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ | ᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ |
| ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ | ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ |
| ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ | ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ |
| ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ | ᱓᱐ |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ |
|  • ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱞ | ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱩᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ |
|  • ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ | H D ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ((J D(H)) ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ |
|  • ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ (᱒᱒᱔ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ) |
| ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ |
|  • ᱜᱩᱴ | 191791 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (74051 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) |
|  • ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ |
| ᱩᱥᱩᱞ | 320 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (1050 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) |
| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ (᱒᱐᱑᱑) |
|  • ᱜᱩᱴ | ᱖᱑᱒᱓᱐᱗᱐᱔ |
|  • ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱘ ᱟᱜ |
|  • ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ | 1925/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (4990/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ) |
| ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱓᱐ (IST) |
| ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ ᱓᱑᱖᱖ ᱠᱳᱰ | IN-KA |
| HDI |  ᱐.᱖᱘᱒ (ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ) |
| HDI ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ | ᱑᱘ ᱭᱟᱜ |
| ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱦᱟᱨ | ᱗᱕.᱓᱖% |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |
| ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ | Karnataka.nic.in |

**ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ** (ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰᱚ: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ , ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Karnataka) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱤᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫᱽ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱲ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱭᱛᱟᱱ ᱑,᱙᱑,᱗᱙᱑ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱭᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱕ᱹ᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ, ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱣᱟ, ᱴᱩᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

## ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ

ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱙᱐ % ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱫᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱮᱴᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

### ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ

* Official Site of Karnataka

### General information

* ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ *ᱮᱱᱥᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟ* ᱨᱮ
* ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ at Curlie
* Geographic data related to ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ at OpenStreetMap
# ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

| ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ |
| --- |
| संस्कृत-, संस्कृतम् *Saṃskṛta-*, *Saṃskṛtam* |
|
(top) A 19th-century illustrated Sanskrit manuscript from the Bhagwad Gitacomposed ca 400 BCE - |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ), ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ (ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ) |
| Era | c. 2nd millennium BCE – 600 BCE (**ᱵᱳᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ**); 700 BCE – 1350 CE (**ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ**) |
| Revival | There are no native speakers of Sanskrit. |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ
* ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ
	+ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ
		- **ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ**
 |
|  | ᱵᱳᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ CE ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱨᱚᱦᱚᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ |
| ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱒᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱩᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-1 | `sa` |
| ISO 639-2 | `san` |
| ISO 639-3 | `san` |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `sans1269` |
|

**ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ** (English: Sanskrit  /ˈsænskrɪt/, संस्कृत; संस्कृतम्) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ, ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

## ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ

## ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ

## ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ

## ᱱᱮᱵᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* "INDICORPUS-31". 31 Sanskrit and Dravidian dictionaries for Lingvo.
* Karen Thomson; Jonathan Slocum. "Ancient Sanskrit Online". free online lessons from the "Linguistics Research Center". University of Texas at Austin.
* "Samskrita Bharati". an organisation promoting the usage of Sanskrit
* "Sanskrit Documents". — Documents in ITX format of Upanishads, Stotras etc.
* "Sanskrit texts". *Sacred Text Archive*.
* "Sanskrit Manuscripts". Cambridge Digital Library.
* "Lexilogos Sanskrit Keyboard". for writing Sanskrit on a computer
# ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ

ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ -:ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ Sumeria (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ Iran) ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱢᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜᱚᱦ ᱠᱟᱱ Karachi ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ᱾

## ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱠᱚ

ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱟᱺᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚᱫᱚ Indus, Ravi, Beas, Chenab ᱟᱨ Sutlej ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱮᱡ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱤᱴᱟᱹᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ᱾ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱡᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯᱯᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱭᱮᱱ ᱵᱮᱲᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱨᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ Indus script ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱛᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱩᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ᱾ ᱦᱚᱭᱛᱚ ᱒᱘᱐᱐ BC ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱘᱐᱐ BC ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱯᱚᱲ ᱪᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱹᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱜᱼᱚᱭ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ᱾ [ref:book - Nagam dahar re cha.igarh, champa garh ar sena hor. (page 23)]᱾
ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱼᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ -: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱢᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱢᱩ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱳᱸ ᱠᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱠᱩᱪᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱘᱐᱐ BC ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱐᱐ BC ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ BC ᱠᱚᱨᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩ ᱩᱡᱟᱹᱲ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ Ghaggar-Hakra ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱸᱡᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱷᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ Aryan ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱤᱛᱲᱤᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟᱹᱨᱚᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱡ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱹᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ᱾
# ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ
**ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ** ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ **ᱥᱟᱫᱤᱨ** ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱭᱵᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ *ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱱᱤ* ᱟᱜ *ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱚ* ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱛᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱠᱟᱵᱽᱭᱚ *ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱚᱴᱴᱤᱠᱟᱨᱚᱢ* ᱠᱷᱳᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱮ ᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱙ ᱥᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱳᱟᱱᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱦᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱦᱤᱞᱹᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ, ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱫᱳ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱟᱛᱢᱤᱠ, ᱠᱤᱢᱵᱚᱫᱱᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙ ᱥᱚᱫᱤ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ, ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

Dancers at Thanjavur, Brihadeshwara temple dedicated to Shiva. The temple has been a major center for Bharatanatyam since about 1000 CE.
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚ ᱟᱥᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱵᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱥᱤ ᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱖᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ
ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱛᱟᱱᱰᱚᱵᱚ, ᱨᱚᱰᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ,ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱢᱩᱬ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱾

## ᱯᱷᱚᱴᱚ ᱜᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ

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### ᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ

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## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱠᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

| ᱠᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| --- |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ  | ᱒,᱘᱐᱐ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | Dravidian
* ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ
	+ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ I
		- ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ
			* ᱠᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ–ᱛᱩᱞᱩ
				+ **ᱠᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ**
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-3 | `kfg` |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `kudi1237` |

**ᱠᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ** (ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ipa) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ, ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱜᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱨᱜᱳᱰ, ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

## ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱠᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱮ (ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱠᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱥᱛᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱞᱟᱪ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱜᱚᱸᱜᱷᱚᱨ/ᱜᱩᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱ‌ᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ (ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ)᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

* Das, B. K. (1984). *Male Kudiya: Ethnographic Study of the Scheduled Tribes*. Bangalore: Director of Census Operation.
* Singh, K. S. (1992). *People of India: pt.1-3 Kerala*. Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 677–681. ISBN 9788185938998.
* Ramachandrarao, D.B. *Male Kudiya: Upa samskruthi*. Adhyayana, 1993.
* Suryanath Upendra Kamath, ed. (1993). *Karnataka State Gazetteers: Kodagu District (Gazetteer of India)*. Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer. pp. 165–166.
* Satinder Kumar, ed. (2000). *Encyclopaedia of South-Asian Tribes: The Koraga - The Lodha*. Encyclopaedia of South-Asian Tribes. Vol. 6. Anmol Publications. pp. 1767–1772. ISBN 9788126105175.
* K. S. Singh; B. G. Halbar, eds. (2003). *Karnataka*. People of India. Vol. 26. Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 814–817. ISBN 9788185938981.

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Dravidian languages

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Dr-lang-stub
# ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

| ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱ |
| --- |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ  | e25 |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | ᱫᱚᱨᱚᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ* South-Central
	+ Gondi–Kui
		- ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
			* **ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱ**
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-3 | `pch` |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `pard1245` |

**ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱱ** (ᱥᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱚᱱ) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱱᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱳᱱᱰ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱠᱷᱤᱱᱼᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱚᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ , ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ,40,000 ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
# ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

| ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| --- |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ, *Oṛiā* |
|  |
| ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | [oˈɽia] () |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |
| ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ | ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ,
 ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ  | ᱓᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ **ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ**: ᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ | ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ
* ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ
	+ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ
		- ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱥᱮᱫ
			* **ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ**
 |
| ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ | ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱮᱞ |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ |
| ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ |  ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ) |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ |
| ISO 639-1 | `or` |
| ISO 639-2 | `ori` |
| ISO 639-3 | `ori` – inclusive code Individual codes: `ory` – ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ `spv` – ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨᱤ `ort` – ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱠᱳᱛᱤᱭᱟ) `dso` – Desiya (duplicate of [ort]) |
| ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ | `macr1269`  partial match |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | `59-AAF-x` |
|  |

**ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ** ᱥᱮ **ᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟ** (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Odia /əˈdiːə/ or Oriya /ɒˈriːə/; ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ: ଓଡ଼ିଆ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ । ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ, ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ (ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱴ) ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱭᱚᱛᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

## ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱟᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ, ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱳᱨ, ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱪᱮᱨᱤ, ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ, ᱜᱳᱣᱟ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱚᱨᱳᱫᱟ, ᱨᱟᱭᱯᱩᱨ, ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ, ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ, ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱸᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱦᱟᱸᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱟᱦᱟᱸᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱒᱐ ᱦᱚᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱯᱚᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱐ ᱦᱚᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱩᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢᱠᱷᱳᱞᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱕᱐᱐ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱳᱜᱤᱬᱚᱴᱷᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ “ଠ” ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱟᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ

* ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ:
* ᱓,᱓᱐,᱑᱗,᱔᱔᱖ (᱒᱐᱐᱑)
* ᱓,᱗᱕,᱒᱑,᱓᱒᱔ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)
* ᱴᱷᱟᱶ: ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ (ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ)

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ at Curlie
* ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ
* Praharaj, G.C. Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱐-᱐᱘-᱐᱕ at the Wayback Machine. (Odia-English dictionary). Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press, 1931–1940.
* A Comprehensive English-Oriya Dictionary (1916–1922)
# ᱥᱩᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟᱨ

**ᱵᱤᱫᱩᱥᱤ ᱥᱩᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟᱨ** (᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱑᱖ – ᱒᱘ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱤᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱢᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱤᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱢᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑-᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱫᱟᱥ ᱥᱚᱢᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱡᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱨᱰᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱣᱟᱞᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱟ ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱣᱟᱞᱮ, ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱥᱛᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱛᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱩᱥᱛᱟᱠ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ (ᱜᱩᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱔) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱮᱥ. ᱮᱱ. ᱨᱟᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱝᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ - ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ - ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮ᱾

## ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

᱑᱙᱕᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ (AIR) ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱯᱨᱳᱰᱭᱩᱥᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱑᱙᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱯᱨᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱘ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱨᱳᱱᱠᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱙᱑ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
# ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤ

| ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤ |
| --- |
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ  ᱟᱨ  ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | 1940 (age 85–86) ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ |

**ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤ** (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱔᱐), ᱯᱩᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱤᱯᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱤᱥ ᱟᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱩᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ "ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱛᱚᱱᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚ" ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱩᱠᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱟᱬᱜᱟᱛ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱨᱟᱴᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱤᱯᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱦᱮᱨᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱯᱟᱨᱤᱠ *ᱨᱟᱥᱞᱤᱞᱟ* ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱛᱨᱤᱛᱚᱢᱵᱤ, *ᱱᱚᱴᱚ ᱯᱩᱝᱜ* ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱤᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱳᱢᱟᱵ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱯᱟᱨᱤᱠ  *ᱢᱟᱭᱵᱤ ᱡᱟᱜᱚᱭ* ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱵᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱚ

᱑᱙᱕0 ᱠᱚᱛᱮ *ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ* ᱱᱚᱭᱚᱱᱟ, ᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱᱟ,ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱮᱨᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱡᱤ ᱢᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ *ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱛᱚᱱᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚ* ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱨᱮᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱠᱳᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱞᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱠᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

## ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ

ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱸᱜᱤᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱜᱤᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱸᱜᱤᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱠᱟᱲᱤᱫᱟᱥ ᱥᱚᱱᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* Darshana Jhaveri's personal website
* Padmashri Darshana Jhaveri at *SPIC MACAY*
* Darshan Jhaveri and her troupe