# ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

| ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ  |
| --- |
| "IPA" ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ([aɪ pʰiː eɪ]) |
| ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ |  ᱪᱤᱠᱤ – ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ
  |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ |
| ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ | ᱑᱘᱘᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ |
| ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ | ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱴᱟᱭᱯᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ* ᱨᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
	+ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
 |

᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱴ
**ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ** (ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱛᱮ : ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA) ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱭᱟᱹ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱲᱟᱝᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟᱭᱤᱡ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

1886 ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ, ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, 1897 ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ, l'Association phonétique internationale) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱴᱴᱚ ᱡᱮᱥᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱱᱥ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ IPA ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤ ᱥᱣᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱮᱠᱡᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱯᱥᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱥᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, [ʃ] (the sh in shoe) ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ⟨c⟩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ⟨x⟩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ; ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ, ⟨c⟩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [x] ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱤ ᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 1890 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 1940 ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, IPA ᱫᱚ 1989 ᱨᱮ Kiel Convention ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 1993 ᱥᱟᱞᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱚᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, IPA ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱛᱷᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ (ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱤᱯᱤᱮ) ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱝᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ

### ᱯᱟᱞᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱᱟᱱᱴ

|  | ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟᱞ | ᱰᱚᱨᱥᱟᱞ | ᱞᱟᱨᱤᱧᱡᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱯᱮᱛᱷᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱞᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱮᱱᱰᱚᱞᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱚᱞᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱚᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ | ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱚᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱟᱨ | ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱞᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱚᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟᱞ | ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ | ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ | ᱟᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱟᱨ | ᱯᱚᱥᱴ-ᱟᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱟᱨ | ᱨᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱥ | ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱴᱳ-ᱟᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱟᱨ | ᱟᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳ-ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱴᱟᱞ | ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱴᱟᱞ | ᱯᱚᱥᱴ-ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱴᱟᱞ | ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ | ᱯᱚᱥᱴ-ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ | ᱩᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟᱨ | ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱧᱡᱤᱭᱟᱞ | ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱟᱞ | ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱧᱡᱤᱭᱟᱞ |
|  | ᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ | ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ |  | ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ | ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ |  |
| ᱱᱮᱥᱟᱞ | m̟̊ | m̟ | m̥ | m⭐ | m̠̊ | m̠ | ɱ̥͆ | ɱ͆ | ɱ̊ | ɱ | ɱ͇̊ | ɱ͇ | m̼̊ | m̼ | m᫥̥ | m᫥ | n̪̊ | n̪ | n̪̥͆ | n̪͆ | n̥ | n⭐ | n̠̊ | n̠ | ɳ̊ | ɳ⭐ | n̻̊˗ | n̻˗ | n̥̂ | n̂ | ȵ̥ | ȵ | ɲ̊ | ɲ⭐ | ɲ̊˗ | ɲ˗ | ŋ̊ | ŋ⭐ | ŋ̊˗ | ŋ˗ | ɴ̥ | ɴ | n̛̥ | n̛ |  | ʔ̃ |  |  |
| ᱯᱞᱚᱥᱤᱵᱷ | p᫈ | b̟ | p⭐ | b⭐ |  | b̠ | p͆ | b͆ | p̪ | b̪ | p͇ | b͇ | p̼ | b̼ | p᫥ | b᫥ | t̪ | d̪ | t̪͆ | d̪͆ | t⭐ | d⭐ | t̠ | d̠ | ʈ⭐ | ɖ⭐ | t̻˗ | d̻˗ | t̂ | d̂ | ȶ | ȡ | c⭐ | ɟ⭐ | c̠ | ɟ˗ | k⭐ | ɡ⭐ | k̠ | ɡ˗ | q | ɢ | ꞯ | 𝼂 | ʡ |  | ʔ⭐ |  |  |
| ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |  |  | p̼s̼ | b̼z̼ | p᫥s᫥ | b᫥z᫥ | t̪s̪ | d̪z̪ | t̪͆s̪͆ | d̪͆z̪͆ | ts | dz | t̠s̠ | d̠z̠ | ʈʂ | ɖʐ | t̻˗ʃ | d̻˗ʒ | t̂ʆ | d̂ʓ | ȶɕ | ȡʑ |  |  |
| ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ | p᫈ɸ˖ | b̟ꞵ̟ | pɸ | bꞵ |  | b̠ꞵ˗ |  pf͆ † | b͆v͆ |  pf † | b̪v |  pf͇ | b͇v͇ |  pf̼ † | b̼v̼ |  pf᫥ | b᫥v᫥ | t̪θ | d̪ð | t̪͆θ̪͆ | d̪͆ð̪͆ |  tɹ̝ † | dɹ̝ | tɹ̝̊˗ | d̠ɹ̝˗ | ʈʵ̝̊ | ɖɻ᷵ | t̻˗ɹ̻̊˗˔ | d̻˗ɹ̻᷵˗ | t̂ʴ̝̊̂ | d̂ɹ̝̂ | ȶᶜ̧⁺ | ȡʝ᫈ | cç | ɟᶨ | c̠ɧ | ɟ˗𐞗̬ | kx | ɡɣ | k̠ˣ̠ | ɡ˗ˠ⁻ | qχ | ɢʁ | ꞯħ | 𝼂ʕ | ʡʜ | ʡʢ | ʔh |  |  |
| ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  |  | s̼ | z̼ |  |  | s̪ | z̪ |  |  | s⭐ | z | s̠ | z̠ | ʂ | ʐ | ʃ | ʒ | ʆ | ʓ | ɕ | ʑ |  |  |
| ᱱᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  | ꞵ̟ | ɸ | ꞵ |  |  | f͆ | v͆ | f | v⭐ | f͇ | v͇ | f̼ | v̼ |  |  | θ | ð |  |  | t̞ | d̞ | ɹ̝̊˗ | ɹ̝˗ | ʈ˕ | ɖ˕ | ɹ̻̊˗˔ | ɹ̻˗˔ | ɹ̥̂˔ | ɹ̝̂ | ç˖ | ʝ˖ | ç | ʝ | ɧ | ɧ̬ | x | ɣ | x̠ | ɣ˗ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | ʜ | ʢ | h⭐ | ɦ | ʩ | ʩ̬ |
| ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱱᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  |  | s̼̃ | z̼̃ |  |  | s̪̃ | z̪̃ |  |  | s̃ | z̃ | s̠̃ | z̠̃ | ʂ̃ | ʐ̃ | ʃ̃ | ʒ̃ | ʆ̃ | ʓ̃ | ɕ̃ | ʑ̃ |  |  |
| ᱱᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱱᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  | ꞵ̟̃ | ɸ̃ | ꞵ̃ |  |  | f͆̃ | v͆̃ | f̃ | ṽ | f͇̃ | ṽ͇ | f̼̃ | ṽ̼ |  |  | θ̃ | ð̃ |  |  | t̞̃ | d̞̃ | ɹ̝̊̃˗ | ɹ̝̃˗ | ʈ̃˕ | ɖ̃˕ | ɹ̻̊̃˗˔ | ɹ̻̃˗˔ | ɹ̥̂̃˔ | ɹ̝̂̃ | ç̃˖ | ʝ̃˖ | ç̃ | ʝ̃ | ɧ̃ | ɧ̬̃ | x̃ | ɣ̃ | x̠̃ | ɣ̃˗ | χ̃ | ʁ̃ | ħ̃ | ʕ̃ | ʜ̃ | ʢ̃ | h̃ | ɦ̃ | ʩ̃ | ʩ̬̃ |
| ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ |  |  | s̼˕ | z̼˕ |  |  | s̪˕ | z̪˕ |  |  | s̞ | z̞ | s̠˕ | z̠˕ | ʂ˕ | ʐ˕ | ʃ˕ | ʒ˕ | ʆ˕ | ʓ˕ | ɕ̞ | ʑ̞ |  |  |
| ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ |  |  | ɸ˕ | ꞵ̞ |  |  | ʋ̥͆ | ʋ͆ | ʋ̥ | ʋ |  |  | ʋ̼̊ | ʋ̼ |  |  | ɹ̪̊ | ɹ̪ |  |  | ɹ̥ | ɹ | ɹ̠̊ | ɹ̠ | ɻ̊ | ɻ | ɹ̻̊˗ | ɹ̻˗ | ɹ̥̂ | ɹ̂ | j̊˖ | j˖ | j̊ | j⭐ | j̊˗ | j˗ | ɰ̊ | ɰ | ɰ̊˗ | ɰ˗ | χ˕ | ʁ̞ | ħ̞ | ʕ̞ | ʜ̞ | ʢ̞ | h̞ | ɦ̞ | ʩ˕ | ʩ̬˕ |
| ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱱᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ |  |  | s̼̃˕ | z̼̃˕ |  |  | s̪̃˕ | z̪̃˕ |  |  | s̞̃ | z̞̃ | s̠̃˕ | z̠̃˕ | ʂ̃˕ | ʐ̃˕ | ʃ̃˕ | ʒ̃˕ | ʆ̃˕ | ʓ̃˕ | ɕ̞̃ | ʑ̞̃ |  |  |
| ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱱᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ |  |  | ɸ̃˕ | ꞵ̞̃ |  |  | ʋ̥͆̃ | ʋ͆̃ | ʋ̥̃ | ʋ̃ |  |  | ʋ̼̥̃ | ʋ̼̃ |  |  | ɹ̪̥̃ | ɹ̪̃ |  |  | ɹ̥̃ | ɹ̃ | ɹ̥̃˗ | ɹ̠̃ | ɻ̥̃ | ɻ̃ | ɹ̻̃̊˗ | ɹ̻̃˗ | ɹ̥̂̃ | ɹ̂̃ | j̥̃˖ | j̃˖ | j̥̃ | j̃ | j̥̃˗ | j̃˗ | ɰ̥̃ | ɰ̃ | ɰ̥̃˗ | ɰ̃˗ | χ̃˕ | ʁ̞̃ | ħ̞̃ | ʕ̞̃ | ʜ̞̃ | ʢ̞̃ | h̞̃ | ɦ̞̃ | ʩ̃˕ | ʩ̬̃˕ |
| ᱴᱮᱯ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱯ |  |  | p̆ | b̮ |  |  | ⱱ̥͆ | ⱱ͆ | ⱱ̥ | ⱱ |  |  | ⱱ̼̊ | ⱱ̼ |  |  | ɾ̪̊ | ɾ̪ |  |  | ɾ̥ | ɾ | ɾ̠̊ | ɾ̠ | ɽ̊ | ɽ⭐ | ɾ̻̊˗ | ɾ̻˗ | ɾ̥̂ | ɾ̂ | ȶ̮ | ȡ̮ | c̆ | ɟ̆ | c̠̆ | ɟ̆˗ | k̮ | ɡ̆ | k̮˗ | ɡ̆˗ | q̆ | ɢ̆ | ꞯ̆ | 𝼂̆ | ʡ̮ |  | ʔ̮ |  |  |
| ᱴᱨᱤᱞ |  |  | ʙ̥ | ʙ |  |  | ʙ̥͆ | ʙ͆ | ʙ̪̊ | ʙ̪ |  |  | ʙ̼̊ | ʙ̼ |  |  | r̪̊ | r̪ |  |  | r̥ | r⭐ | r̠̊ | r̠ | ɽ̊᫫r̥ | ɽ᫫r | r̻̊˗ | r̻˗ | r̥̂ | r̂ | r̻̊˗ʲ | r̻˗ʲ |  |  |  |  | ʀ᫊̊ | ʀ᫊ | ʀ̟̊ | ʀ̟ | ʀ̥ | ʀ | ᴙ̟̊ | ᴙ̟ | ᴙ̥ | ᴙ |  |  | 𝼀 | 𝼀̬ |
| ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱴᱨᱤᱞ |  |  | ʙ̝̊ | ʙ̝ |  |  | ʙ̥͆˔ | ʙ̝͆ | ʙ̪̊˔ | ʙ̪᷵ |  |  | ʙ̼̊˔ | ʙ̼᷵ |  |  | r̪̊˔ | r̪᷵ |  |  | r̝̊ | r̝⭐ | r̠̊˔ | r̠᷵ | ɽ̊᫫r̥˔ | ɽ᫫r˔ | r̻̊˗˔ | r̻᷵˗ | r̥̂˔ | r̝̂ | r̻̊˗ʲ˔ | r̻᷵˗ʲ |  |  |  |  | ʀ᫊̊˔ | ʀ᫊᷵ | ʀ̟̊˔ | ʀ̟᷵ | ʀ̝̊ | ʀ̝ | ᴙ̟̊˔ | ᴙ̟᷵ | ᴙ̝̊ | ᴙ̝ |  |  | 𝼀˔ | 𝼀̬˔ |
| ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |  |  | p̼𐞛̼ | b̼𐞞̼ |  |  | t̪𐞛̪ | d̪𐞞̪ |  |  | t𐞛 | d𐞞 | t̠𐞛̠ | d̠𐞞⁻ | ʈ𐞝 | ɖ𐞟 | t̻˗𐞛̻⁻ | d̻˗𐞞̻⁻ | t̂𐞛̂ | d̂𐞞̂ | ȶ𐞡̟ | ȡ𐞡̬⁺ | c𝼆 | ɟ𐞡̬ | c̠𝼆̠ | ɟ˗𐞡̬⁻ | k𐞜 | ɡ𐞜̬ | k̠𐞜̠ | ɡ𐞜̬⁻ | q𐞜̠⁻ | ɢ𐞜̬᫢⁻ |  |  |
| ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  |  | ɸˡ | ꞵˡ |  |  | f͆ˡ | v͆ˡ | fˡ | vˡ |  |  | ɬ̼ | ɮ̼ |  |  | ɬ̪ | ɮ̪ |  |  | ɬ | ɮ | ɬ̠ | ɮ˗ | ꞎ | 𝼅 | ɬ̻˗ | ɮ̻˗ | ɬ̂ | ɮ̂ | 𝼆̟ | 𝼆̬˖ | 𝼆 | 𝼆̬ | 𝼆̠ | 𝼆̬˗ | 𝼄 | 𝼄̬ | 𝼄̠ | 𝼄̬˗ | 𝼄̠˗ | 𝼄̠̌˗ | ħˡ | ʕˡ | ʜˡ | ʢˡ | hˡ | ɦˡ |  |
| ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ |  |  | l̼̊ | l̼ |  |  | l̪̊ | l̪ |  |  | l̥ | l⭐ | l̠̊ | l̠ | ɭ̊ | ɭ | l̻̊˗ | l̻˗ | l̥̂ | l̂ | ȴ̥ | ȴ | ʎ̥ | ʎ | ʎ̠̊ | ʎ̠ | ʟ̥ | ʟ | ʟ̠̊ | ʟ̠ | ʟ̠̊˗ | ʟ̠˗ |  |  |
| ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱯ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱯ |  |  | ɺ̼̊ | ɺ̼ |  |  | ɺ̪̊ | ɺ̪ |  |  | ɺ̥ | ɺ | ɺ̠̊ | ɺ̠ | 𝼈̊ | 𝼈 | ɺ̻̊˗ | ɺ̻˗ | ɺ̥̂ | ɺ̂ | ʎ̥̆˖ | ʎ̟̆ | ʎ̮̊ | ʎ̮ | ʎ̥̆˗ | ʎ̠̆ | ʟ̥̆ | ʟ̆ | ʟ̥̆˗ | ʟ̠̆ | ʟ̥̆˗˗ | ʟ̠̆˗ |  |  |

ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱵᱚᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱥᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱥᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ + ᱠᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

### ᱯᱟᱞᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱩᱞᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱᱟᱱᱴ

ᱵᱤᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ [ʍ] • ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ [ɣʷ] • ᱵᱤᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ [w̥] • ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ [w] • ᱵᱤᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ [w̥̃] • ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ [w̃] • ᱵᱤᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱴᱟᱞ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ [ɥ̊] • ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱴᱟᱞ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱠᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ [ɥ]

### ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱯᱟᱞᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱᱟᱱᱴ

|  | ᱵᱞ | ᱫᱞ | ᱞᱫ | ᱞᱞ | ᱫ | ᱟᱞ | ᱯᱟᱞ | ᱨᱴ | ᱯᱞᱟᱞ | ᱟᱞᱯᱞ | ᱯᱞ | ᱯᱯᱞ | ᱵᱷ | ᱯᱵᱷ | ᱩᱵᱷ | ᱯᱷ | ᱮᱜ | ᱜᱞ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱯᱞᱚᱥᱤᱵᱷ | pʼ | p͆ʼ | p̪ʼ | p̼ʼ | t̪ʼ | tʼ | t̠ʼ | ʈʼ | t̻˗ʼ | ȶʼ | cʼ | c̠ʼ | kʼ | k̠ʼ | qʼ | ꞯʼ | ʡʼ |  |
| ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |  |  ps̼ʼ | ʦ̪ʼ | ʦʼ | ʦ̠ʼ | ꭧʼ | ʧʼ | ʨʼ |  |
| ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ | pɸʼ | p͆f͆ʼ |  pfʼ |  pf̼ʼ | t̪θʼ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ɕʼ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |  |  |  |  |  | tɬʼ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱯᱞᱚᱥᱤᱵᱷ | ɓ̥ | ɓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ) | kʘ | ɡʘ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱩᱣᱩᱞᱟᱨ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱢᱩᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱢᱩᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱩᱣᱩᱞᱟᱨ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱩᱣᱩᱞᱟᱨ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱩᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱩᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ (ᱩᱣᱩᱞᱟᱨ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱟᱥᱤᱵᱷ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ

|  | ᱞᱟᱦᱟ | ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ | ᱛᱟᱞᱟ | ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ | ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱢᱮ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱮ | i⭐ | y | ɪ̝ | ʏ̝ | ɨ | ʉ | ɯ̝̽ | ʊ̝ | ɯ | u⭐ |
| ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱨ | i̞ | y᫛ | ɪ | ʏ | ɨ̞ | ʉ̞ | ɯ̽ | ʊ | ɯ̞ | u̞ |
| ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱛᱟᱞᱟ | e⭐ | ø | ɪ̞ | ʏ̞ | ɘ | ɵ | ɯ̞̽ | ʊ̞ | ɤ | o⭐ |
| ᱛᱟᱞᱟ | e̞ | ø̞ | e̞˗ | ø̞˗ | ə⭐ | ɵ̞ | ɤ̞˖ | o̞˖ | ɤ̞ | o̞ |
| ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱽ-ᱛᱟᱞᱟ | ɛ⭐ | œ | ɛ̠ | œ̠ | ɜ | ɞ | ʌ̟ | ɔ̟ | ʌ | ɔ⭐ |
| ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ-ᱡᱷᱤᱡ | æ | œ̞ | æ̠ | œ̞˗ | ɐ | ɞ̞ | ʌ̞˖ | ɔ̞˖ | ʌ̞ | ɔ̞ |
| ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱮ | a⭐ | ɶ | a̠ | ɶ̠ | ɐ̞ | ɒ̈ | ɑ̟ | ɒ̟ | ɑ | ɒ |

ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ।

# ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠᱥ

| Airstream diacritics |
| --- |
| ◌ʼ | kʼ sʼ | Ejective |
| Syllabicity diacritics |
| ◌̩ | ɹ̩ n̩ | Syllabic | ◌̯ | ɪ̯ ʊ̯ | Non-syllabic |
| ◌̍ | ɻ̍ ŋ̍ | ◌̑ | y̑ |
| Consonant-release diacritics |
| ◌ʰ | tʰ | Aspirated | ◌̚ | p̚ | No audible release |
| ◌ⁿ | dⁿ | Nasal release | ◌ˡ | dˡ | Lateral release/Lateralization |
| ◌ᶿ | tᶿ | Voiceless dental fricative release | ◌ˣ | tˣ | Voiceless velar fricative release |
| ◌ᵊ | dᵊ | Mid central vowel release |  |
| Phonation diacritics |
| ◌̥ | n̥ d̥ | ᱵᱤᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ | ◌̬ | s̬ t̬ | ᱟᱲᱟᱝ |
| ◌̊ | ɻ̊ ŋ̊ |
| ◌̤ | b̤ a̤ | Breathy voiced | ◌̰ | b̰ a̰ | Creaky voiced |
| Articulation diacritics |
| ◌̪ | t̪ d̪ | Dental | ◌̼ | p̼ b̼ | Linguolabial |
| ◌͆ | ɮ͆ | Dento-\_\_\_\_\_ | ◌᫥ | ɮ᫥ | Labiolingual |
| ◌̺ | t̺ d̺ | Apical | ◌̻ | t̻ d̻ | Laminal |
| ◌᫣ | ʒ᫣ | ◌᫤ | ʒ᫤ |
| ◌̟ | u̟ t̟ | Advanced (fronted) | ◌̠ | i̠ t̠ | Retracted (backed) |
| ◌᫈ | ɡ᫈ | ◌᫢ | y᫢ q᫢ |
| ◌̈ | ë ä | Centralized | ◌̽ | e̽ ɯ̽ | Mid-centralized |
| ◌̝ | e̝ r̝ | Raised ([r̝], [ɭ˔] are fricatives) | ◌̞ | e̞ β̞ | Lowered ([β̞], [ɣ᫛] are approximants) |
| ◌᷵ | y᷵ r̻᷵ | ◌᫛ | y᫛ ɣ᫛ |
| Co-articulation diacritics |
| ◌̹ | ɔ̹ x̹ | More rounded / less spread (over-rounding) | ◌̜ | ɔ̜ xʷ̜ | Less rounded / more spread (under-rounding) |
| ◌͗ | y͗ χ͗ | ◌͑ | y͑ χ͑ʷ |
| ◌ʷ | tʷ dʷ | Labialized | ◌ʲ | tʲ dʲ | Palatalized |
| ◌ˠ | tˠ dˠ | Velarized | ◌̴ | ɫ ᵶ | Velarized or pharyngealized |
| ◌ˤ | tˤ aˤ | Pharyngealized |
| ◌̘ | e̘ o̘ | Advanced tongue root (expanded pharynx) | ◌̙ | e̙ o̙ | Retracted tongue root |
| ◌᫠ | y᫠ | ◌᫡ | y᫡ |
| ◌̃ | ẽ z̃ | Nasalized | ◌˞ | ɚ ɝ | Rhoticity |

# ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ

160 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ IPA ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱲᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱟᱹ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱢᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ‘ᱵᱨᱚᱰ’ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) ᱥᱮ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ISO ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ little ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [ˈlɪtəl] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱪᱨᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱲᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱞᱮᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [ˈɫɪɾɫ], ᱠᱚᱠᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ [ˈlɪʔo], ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ [ˈɫɪːɫ]᱾

ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱞᱮᱥ (/ /) ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ IPA ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱫᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱞᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ /i/ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱤᱠ, ᱯᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ /ˈpik, ˈpiːk/ ᱥᱮ /ˈpɪk, ˈpik/ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ /pik/ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ pick, peak, pique, ᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱲᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ: [pʰɪk], [pʰiːk], [pikʲ]᱾

## ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ

### ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱤ ᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ, ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱝ ᱢᱚᱰᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱵᱤᱱᱤᱝ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ, ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱠᱚᱢᱵᱤᱱᱤᱝ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱤ ᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ-ᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

### ᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱤ ᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ

1989 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ Kiel Convention ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ IPA ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱚᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱤᱢᱥᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱤᱢᱥ

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ | i | e | ɛ | a | u | o | ɔ |
| ᱢᱩᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ | ĩ | ɛ̃ | ã | ũ | ɔ̃ |
| ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ | p | pʼ | b | t | tʼ | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | cʼ | ɟ | k | kʼ | ɡ | ʔ |
| v | s | h |
| ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | w̃ |
| l | w | j | r | ɽ |
| ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ | ◌̃ | ◌̜ | ◌ː | ◌ʼ | ◌ʰ | ◌ʱ |

## ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ:ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

## ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱝᱠ

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ