# ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳ| ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱜᱳ |
| ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ (ᱠᱚ) | * Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)
* ISO/IEC 10646
 |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱠᱚ) | *See list of scripts* |
| ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ | Unicode Standard |
| ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ | * UTF-8
* UTF-16
* GB18030

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hr* UTF-32
* BOCU
* SCSU

 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Midsizeᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hr* UTF-7
* UTF-1

 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Midsize |
| ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ | * ISO/IEC 8859
* ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Midsize
 |
| * Official website
* Technical website
 |
| * v
* t
* e
 |

**ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ**, ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ, [ᱱᱳᱴ 1] ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱕.᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱙,᱘᱑᱓ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ, ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱮᱞ, ᱪᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱮᱞ, ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱤᱢᱳᱡᱤ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱢᱳᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑,᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱣᱮᱵᱽ ᱯᱮᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱩᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

## ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱸᱦᱟᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱼᱵᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱠᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱼ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ—ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾

ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ *ᱠᱳᱰ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ* ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ - ᱟᱠᱟᱨ, ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱭᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱼ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱯᱴᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱳᱭᱮᱵ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱒᱕᱖ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ/ᱟᱭ.ᱤ.ᱥᱤ [ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ 1] ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱷᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱩᱞᱰᱳᱜᱽ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱚᱛᱥᱩᱣᱳ ᱠᱳᱵᱟᱭᱮᱥᱤ, ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱢᱤᱞᱳ, ᱨᱩᱡᱽᱵᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱱᱟᱰᱟᱨ,ᱠᱮᱱ ᱞᱩᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱾

### ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱨᱳᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱨᱳᱠᱥ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ (XCCS) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ , ᱡᱮᱨᱳᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱳ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ, ᱮᱯᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱤ ᱠᱳᱞᱤᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱥᱮᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱯᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱩᱭᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱵᱷ ᱚᱯᱥᱴᱟᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ "ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ/ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ" ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , "'ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫᱟᱜ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

*ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱘᱘* ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱵᱤᱴ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ:

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> ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱱ, ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ᱾ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ "ᱮᱹᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱭᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱖ ᱵᱤᱴ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾   ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖ ᱵᱤᱴ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱳᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾
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ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ 'ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ' ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾

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> ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ (ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ) ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ 214 = ᱑᱖,᱓᱘᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱪᱚᱞᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾
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᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱯᱷᱳᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱞᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱟᱜᱟᱱ, ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱞᱤᱵᱨᱤᱨᱤ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛᱼᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱢᱩᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱮᱞᱤᱯᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ,ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱳᱯᱚᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱮᱞ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱱᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱠᱜᱳᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱚᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ *ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ* ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱤᱣᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱒.᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱳᱜᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱵᱤᱴ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱳᱰᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱭᱟᱨᱳᱜᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱪᱚᱞᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤ.ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ᱾

᱒᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱳᱯᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱩ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑.᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱵᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 'ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ 'ᱮᱯᱮᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ "ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

### ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱼᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟ ᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ , ᱮᱯᱮᱞ,ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱵᱩᱠ, ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ, ᱟᱭ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱢ,ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱳᱯᱚᱴ,ᱱᱮᱴᱯᱷᱞᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥ.ᱮ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱼᱵᱮᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱯᱴᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱰᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱥᱹᱼᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱡ (ᱳᱢᱟᱱ) ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱠᱟᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱴ (ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱮᱯᱷ) ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

### ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱩᱯᱚᱥᱚᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ OpenOffice.org ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱᱥᱳᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
 ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱴᱮᱱᱜᱣᱟᱨ) ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱤᱝᱚᱱ), ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱮᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱫᱼᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

### ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ

ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ, ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱮᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱵᱳᱨᱟ ᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ 2002 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱡᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

### ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ

*ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ* ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱳᱰᱮᱰ ᱠᱮᱹᱨᱮᱠᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴ (ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ) ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱴᱤᱯᱮᱨᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ| Version | Date | Book | UCS edition | Total | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Scripts | Characters |
|   |  | ISBN 0-201-56788-1ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Midsizediv | N/A | 24 | 7003712900000000000♠7129 | Initial scripts covered: Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Bopomofo, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Georgian, Greek and Coptic, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hangul, Hebrew, Hiragana, Kannada, Katakana, Lao, Latin, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, and Tibetan |
|   |  | ISBN 0-201-60845-6ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Midsizediv | 25 | 7004283270000000000♠283277004212040000000000♠+21204 2999400000000000000♠−6 | The initial 20,902 CJK Unified Ideographs |
|   |  | N/A | ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993
 | 24 | 7004341680000000000♠341687003596300000000000♠+5963 2999100000000000000♠−9 | 33 reclassified as control characters. 4,306 Hangul syllables, Tibetan removed |
|   |  | ISBN 0-201-48345-9 | 25 | 7004388850000000000♠388857004113730000000000♠+11373 2996334400000000000♠−6656 | Original set of Hangul syllables removed, new set of 11,172 Hangul syllables added at new location, Tibetan added back in a new location and with a different character repertoire, Surrogate character mechanism defined, Plane 15 and Plane 16 Private Use Areas allocated |
|   |  | N/A | 7004388870000000000♠388877000200000000000000♠+2  | U+20AC € EURO SIGN, U+FFFC ￼ OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER |
|   |  | ISBN 0-201-61633-5 | ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000 | 38 | 7004491940000000000♠491947004103070000000000♠+10307  | Cherokee, Geʽez, Khmer, Mongolian, Burmese, Ogham, runes, Sinhala, Syriac, Thaana, Canadian Aboriginal syllabics, and Yi Syllables, Braille patterns |
|   |  | N/A | ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:HrISO/IEC 10646-2:2001 | 41 | 7004941400000000000♠941407004449460000000000♠+44946  | Deseret, Gothic and Old Italic, sets of symbols for Western and Byzantine music, 42,711 additional CJK Unified Ideographs |
|   |  | 45 | 7004951560000000000♠951567003101600000000000♠+1016  | Philippine scripts (Buhid, Hanunoo, Tagalog, and Tagbanwa) |
|   |  | ISBN 0-321-18578-1 | ISO/IEC 10646:2003
 | 52 | 7004963820000000000♠963827003122600000000000♠+1226  | Cypriot syllabary, Limbu, Linear B, Osmanya, Shavian, Tai Le, and Ugaritic, Hexagram symbols |
|   |  | N/A | 59 | 7004976550000000000♠976557003127300000000000♠+1273  | Buginese, Glagolitic, Kharosthi, New Tai Lue, Old Persian, Sylheti Nagri, and Tifinagh, Coptic disunified from Greek, ancient Greek numbers and musical symbols First named character sequences were introduced. |
|   |  | ISBN 0-321-48091-0 | 64 | 7004990240000000000♠990247003136900000000000♠+1369  | Balinese, cuneiform, N'Ko, ʼPhags-pa, Phoenician |
|   |  | N/A | 75 | 7005100648000000000♠1006487003162400000000000♠+1624  | Carian, Cham, Kayah Li, Lepcha, Lycian, Lydian, Ol Chiki, Rejang, Saurashtra, Sundanese, and Vai, sets of symbols for the Phaistos Disc, Mahjong tiles, Domino tiles, additions to Burmese, Scribal abbreviations, U+1E9E ẞ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-00-9 | 90 | 7005107296000000000♠1072967003664800000000000♠+6648  | Avestan, Bamum, Gardiner's sign list of Egyptian hieroglyphs, Imperial Aramaic, Inscriptional Pahlavi, Inscriptional Parthian, Javanese, Kaithi, Lisu, Meetei Mayek, Old South Arabian, Old Turkic, Samaritan, Tai Tham and Tai Viet, additional CJK Unified Ideographs, Jamo for Old Hangul, Vedic Sanskrit |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-01-6 | ISO/IEC 10646:2010
 | 93 | 7005109384000000000♠1093847003208800000000000♠+2088  | Batak, Brahmi, Mandaic, playing card symbols, transport and map symbols, alchemical symbols, emoticons and emojiadditional CJK Unified Ideographs |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-02-3 | ISO/IEC 10646:2012
 | 100 | 7005110116000000000♠1101167002732000000000000♠+732  | Chakma, Meroitic cursive, Meroitic hieroglyphs, Miao, Sharada, Sora Sompeng, and Takri |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8 | 7005110117000000000♠1101177000100000000000000♠+1  | U+20BA ₺ TURKISH LIRA SIGN |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5 | 7005110122000000000♠1101227000500000000000000♠+5  | 5 bidirectional formatting characters |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-09-2 | 123 | 7005112956000000000♠1129567003283400000000000♠+2834  | Bassa Vah, Caucasian Albanian, Duployan, Elbasan, Grantha, Khojki, Khudawadi, Linear A, Mahajani, Manichaean, Mende Kikakui, Modi, Mro, Nabataean, Old North Arabian, Old Permic, Pahawh Hmong, Palmyrene, Pau Cin Hau, Psalter Pahlavi, Siddham, Tirhuta, Warang Citi, and dingbats |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-10-8 | ISO/IEC 10646:2014
 | 129 | 7005120672000000000♠1206727003771600000000000♠+7716  | Ahom, Anatolian hieroglyphs, Hatran, Multani, Old Hungarian, SignWriting, additional CJK Unified Ideographs, lowercase letters for Cherokee, 5 emoji skin tone modifiers |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-13-9 | 135 | 7005128172000000000♠1281727003750000000000000♠+7500  | Adlam, Bhaiksuki, Marchen, Newa, Osage, Tangut, 72 emoji |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-16-0 | ISO/IEC 10646:2017
 | 139 | 7005136690000000000♠1366907003851800000000000♠+8518  | Zanabazar Square, Soyombo, Masaram Gondi, Nüshu, hentaigana, 7,494 CJK Unified Ideographs, 56 emoji, bitcoin symbol |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1 | 146 | 7005137374000000000♠1373747002684000000000000♠+684  | Dogra, Georgian Mtavruli capital letters, Gunjala Gondi, Hanifi Rohingya, Indic Siyaq Numbers, Makasar, Medefaidrin, Old Sogdian and Sogdian, Maya numerals, 5 CJK Unified Ideographs, symbols for xiangqi and star ratings, 145 emoji |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-22-1 | 150 | 7005137928000000000♠1379287002554000000000000♠+554  | Elymaic, Nandinagari, Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong, Wancho, Miao script, hiragana and katakana small letters, Tamil historic fractions and symbols, Lao letters for Pali, Latin letters for Egyptological and Ugaritic transliteration, hieroglyph format controls, 61 emoji |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-25-2 | 7005137929000000000♠1379297000100000000000000♠+1  | U+32FF ㋿ SQUARE ERA NAME REIWA |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 | ISO/IEC 10646:2020
 | 154 | 7005143859000000000♠1438597003593000000000000♠+5930  | Chorasmian, Dhives Akuru, Khitan small script, Yezidi, 4,969 CJK ideographs, Arabic script additions used to write Hausa, Wolof, and other African languages, additions used to write Hindko and Punjabi in Pakistan, Bopomofo additions used for Cantonese, Creative Commons license symbols, graphic characters for compatibility with teletext and home computer systems, 55 emoji |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-29-0 | 159 | 7005144697000000000♠1446977002838000000000000♠+838  | Toto, Cypro-Minoan, Vithkuqi, Old Uyghur, Tangsa, extended IPA, Arabic script additions for use in languages across Africa and in Iran, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Java, and Bosnia, additions for honorifics and Quranic use, additions to support languages in North America, the Philippines, India, and Mongolia, U+20C0 ⃀ SOM SIGN, Znamenny musical notation, 37 emoji |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-32-0 | 161 | 7005149186000000000♠1491867003448900000000000♠+4489  | Kawi and Mundari, 20 emoji, 4,192 CJK ideographs, control characters for Egyptian hieroglyphs |
|   |  | ISBN 978-1-936213-33-7 | 7005149813000000000♠1498137002627000000000000♠+627  | Additional CJK ideographs |

### ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ

ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱖.᱐ ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱛᱳᱫᱷᱨᱤ, ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟ, ᱠᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱟᱭ, ᱜᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ), ᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱮᱜᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱤᱢᱳᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ