# ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ
**ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ** ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ (UK) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱮᱢᱥ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ *ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ* ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱾ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱤᱠ ᱛᱮ *ᱞᱩᱱᱟᱭᱤᱱ* ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ *ᱞᱩᱰᱮᱱ* ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱨᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ, ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱳ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ.ᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡᱽ, ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱘.᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱾ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱮᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱛᱷᱮᱢᱥ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ AD ᱔᱓ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ *ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ* ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ *ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ* ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ AD ᱖᱑ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱬ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱞᱚ-ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱞᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

## ᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ

ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱰᱚᱢᱤ ᱛᱷᱮᱢᱥ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
* ᱮᱞᱤᱡᱟᱵᱚᱛᱷ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱤᱜᱽ ᱵᱮᱱ)
* ᱵᱚᱠᱤᱝᱜᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱥ
* ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱰᱚᱢᱤ
* ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱟᱭ
* ᱱᱮᱞᱥᱚᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ
* ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ
* ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱨᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ
* ᱱᱟᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ
* ᱥᱴ. ᱯᱚᱣᱩᱞᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ
* ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱩᱣᱮᱥᱴᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ

## ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱜᱚᱱᱟ (transportation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ, ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ (Airport) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱑᱘᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ (ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱝᱜᱷᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱱᱟᱜᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ *ᱦᱮᱛᱷᱨᱚ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ* ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱨᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱮᱨᱴᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱛᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ *ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞ* ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱰᱨᱤᱰ ᱾

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

* London.gov.uk – Greater London Authority
* VisitLondon.com – Official London tourism site
* Transport for London (TfL) – city transport authority
* Museum of London
* British Pathé – Digitalised archive containing hundreds of films of 20th century London
* London in *British History Online*, with links to numerous authoritative online sources
* Map of Early Modern London – Historical map and encyclopaedia of Shakespeare's London
* "London", *In Our Time*, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Peter Ackroyd, Claire Tomalin and Iain Sinclair (28 September 2000)

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ