# ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ

| ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ* *Kongeriket Norge*  (Bokmål)
* *Kongeriket Noreg*  (Nynorsk)
* *Norgga gonagasriika*  (Northern Sami)
* *Vuona gånågisrijkka*  (Lule Sami)
* *Nöörjen gånkarijhke*  (Southern Sami)
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| **ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ :**Nonea |
| **ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱮᱧ:Ja,vi elsker dette landet* (English: "Yes, we love this country")

 **ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱮᱧ:KongesangenKing's Song* |
| [[File:Show globeShow map of Europe |250px |center |alt=|ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ]] Location of the Kingdom of  ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ  (green)in Europe  (green and dark grey) |
| ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ Location of the Kingdom of Norway and its integral overseas territories and dependencies: Svalbard, Jan Mayen, Bouvet Island, Peter I Island, and Queen Maud Land |
| **ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ** (and largest city) | ᱚᱞᱥᱳ
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| ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | \*ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ * (ᱵᱳᱠᱢᱟᱞ
* ᱱᱟᱭᱱᱳᱨᱥᱠ)
* ᱥᱟᱢᱤ
	+ (Northern
	+ Lule
	+ Southern)

**Regional language:** Kven
**Minority languages:** Romani, Romanes |
| Writing system | ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ |
| **ᱡᱟᱹᱛ**  | \* ᱘᱖.᱒% ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* 13.8% non-Norwegian

Indigenous status:
* Sámi

Minority status:
* Jewish
* Traveller
* Forest Finn
* Romani
* Kven
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| ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ | Norwegian
 |
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | Unitary
parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
|  -  | Monarch | Harald V |
|  -  | Prime Minister | Erna Solberg |
|  -  | President of the *Storting* | Tone W. Trøen |
|  -  | Chief Justice | Toril Marie Øie |
|  -  | Current coalition | Liberal conservative |
| ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱟᱪᱚᱨ | *Stortinget*  **LSámediggi* |
| History |
|  -  | State established prior unification | 872  |
|  -  | Old Kingdom of Norway (Peak extent) | 1263  |
|  -  | Kalmar Union | 1397  |
|  -  | Denmark–Norway | 1524  |
|  -  | Re-established state | 25 February 1814  |
|  -  | Constitution | 17 May 1814  |
|  -  | Sweden-Norway | 4 November 1814  |
|  -  | Dissolution of Sweden-Norway | 7 June 1905  |
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ |
|  -  | ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ |  ᱓᱘᱕,᱒᱐᱗ km2 (67thb) ᱑᱔᱘,᱗᱑᱘ m²  |
|  -  | ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (%) | 5.7c |
| ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ |
|  -  | 2025 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ |  5,594,340 (120th) |
|  -  | ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮ | 14.5/ᱠᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ୨ (213th) ᱓᱗.᱖᱑/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱹ |
| **ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ** (ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ) | 2020 ᱯᱟᱭᱛᱟᱨ |
|  -  | ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱨᱮ | $397 billion (46th) |
|  -  | ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ | $79,638 (6th) |
| **ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ** (ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) | 2018 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱚᱝ |
|  -  | ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | $443 billion (22nd) |
|  -  | ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ | $82,711 (3rd) |
| **ᱡᱤᱱᱤ** (2018) | 24.8  |
| **ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ** (2018) | 0.954 (1st) |
| ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ | Norwegian krone (`NOK`)  |
| ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ | CET (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+1) |
|  -  | ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ (ᱰᱤᱹᱮᱥᱹᱴᱤ) | CEST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+2) |
| ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ | dd.mm.yyyy |
| ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱢᱮ | right |
| ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱹᱮᱞᱹᱰᱤᱹ | .nod |
| ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | +47 |

**ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ** (ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ: Norge ᱱᱳᱨᱜᱮ ᱥᱮ Noreg ᱱᱳᱨᱮᱜ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ **ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ** (ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ Kongeriket Norge; Kongeriket Noreg) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱞᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱘᱕,᱒᱐᱗ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱔᱘,᱗᱒᱙ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱠᱟᱜᱮᱨᱟᱠ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

## ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

ᱳᱦᱛᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ, ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: "ᱳᱦᱛᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱞᱯᱷᱮᱨᱮᱰ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ..."
ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱳᱨᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱠᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱨᱮᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱱᱳᱥᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱘᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱣᱮᱜᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ "ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ" ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ "ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ" ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱝᱜᱽᱞᱳ-ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱥᱴᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱝᱜᱽᱞᱳ-ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱘᱘᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱳᱨᱰᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾

ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱴᱤᱢᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱯᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱳᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱰᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱱᱳᱨᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱜᱽᱱᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱳᱨᱰᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱽᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, "ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ", ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱫᱤᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱭᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱰᱨᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ "ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ" ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ (ᱳᱞᱰ ᱱᱳᱨᱥ ᱥᱩᱰᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ (ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ), ᱟᱨ ᱟᱣᱩᱥᱴᱨᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ "ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ" (ᱟᱣᱩᱥᱴᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ) ᱵᱟᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾

## ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱦᱟᱯᱷᱨᱥᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ (᱘᱗᱒ ᱮ ᱰᱤ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱛᱤᱡᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱞᱰ ᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨᱦᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱴᱳᱠᱯᱷᱤᱥ (ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ, ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱑᱐᱖᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱛᱨᱳᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ; ᱥᱴᱳᱠᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱚᱯᱷ] ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾

᱑᱓᱔᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱩᱵᱳᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱞᱮᱜᱽ (ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ ᱵᱞᱮᱠ ᱰᱮᱛᱷ) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱛᱤᱥ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱑᱓᱘᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱓᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ, ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ [ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ] ᱢᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱑᱔᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾

ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱑᱕᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱕᱓᱖/᱑᱕᱓᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖᱖᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ–ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱡᱳᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱑᱘᱑᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ (ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ); ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱳ ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱸᱰ, ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾

ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱴᱤᱪᱩᱭᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱑᱘᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱗ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱱᱮᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ, ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱤᱥ–ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱳᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ: ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱘᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱳᱥ (en) ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱛᱤᱡᱟ, ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ; "ᱥᱣᱮᱢᱯ ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ, ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴᱥᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; "ᱥᱣᱮᱢᱯ ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱥᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱾

[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ] ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ (ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ, ᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱤᱥ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱯᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱠᱤᱝ ᱦᱟᱠᱳᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱟᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱩᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱩᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱵᱽᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾

᱑᱙᱕᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱱᱮᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱛᱷ ᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱐᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱠᱤᱝ ᱦᱟᱠᱳᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱟᱭᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ, ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱳᱰ, ᱠᱣᱤᱱ ᱢᱳᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥ ᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ, ᱠᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥ ᱳᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱤᱝ ᱳᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ, ᱠᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱨᱛᱷᱟ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱜᱽᱱᱦᱤᱞᱰ, ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥᱮᱥ ᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱞᱰ (ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱞᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱤᱝ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱞᱰ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ) ᱾

ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱞᱰ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ; ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱨᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱩᱭᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱠᱳᱱ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱟᱥ ᱾

## ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱤᱧ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱵᱷᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱯᱮᱞᱟᱜᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵ-ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱵᱩᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱨᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱣᱟ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱣᱤᱱ ᱢᱚᱰ ᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱳ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ, ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱑᱖᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱳᱦᱩᱥᱞᱟᱸᱰ, ᱑᱖᱔᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱢᱴᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱨᱡᱮᱰᱟᱞᱮᱱ, ᱑᱔᱖᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱨᱠᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱒᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱮᱵᱽᱨᱤᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱕᱗° ᱟᱨ ᱘᱑° ᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱝᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱔° ᱟᱨ ᱓᱒° ᱤ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱝᱥ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱥᱵᱷᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱫᱤ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱥᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒,᱕᱓᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱕᱗᱓ ᱢᱤ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱘,᱙᱕᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱗,᱙᱙᱑ ᱢᱤ) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐,᱙᱑᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱖᱒,᱗᱐᱖ ᱢᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱑,᱖᱑᱙ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱐᱐᱖ ᱢᱤ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ, ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱗᱒᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱕᱒ ᱢᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱑᱙᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱒᱒ ᱢᱤ) ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱭᱨᱮᱸᱴᱥ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱟᱜᱮᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱓᱘᱕,᱒᱐᱗ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱔᱘,᱗᱒᱙ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤ) ᱨᱮ (ᱥᱵᱷᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ; ᱓᱒᱓,᱘᱐᱘ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱒᱕,᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤ) ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ), ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱨᱟᱜᱟᱹᱛᱤᱦᱟᱹᱥᱤᱠ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱯᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱡᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱳᱜᱽᱱᱮᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱭᱳᱨᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱒᱗ ᱢᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳᱨᱱᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱥᱵᱷᱟᱴᱱᱮᱴ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱔᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱓᱙,᱐᱕᱗ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱯᱷᱨᱚᱥᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱨᱮᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱞᱮᱴ, ᱥᱮᱸᱰᱥᱴᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥᱴᱳᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ

## ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ

## ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ

## ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱯᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱭᱩᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱞᱠᱮᱰᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱭᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱭᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱯᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱱᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱣᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱳᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱦᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱳᱨᱢᱤᱝ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱚᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱜᱡᱤᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

## ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

## ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:NIE Poster

* regjeringen.no Archived ᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ at the Wayback Machine., official Norwegian government website
* Norway.no, Norway's official portal
* Statistics Norway Archived ᱒᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ at the Wayback Machine.
* State of the Environment Norway
* Norway Archived ᱑᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ at the Wayback Machine.. *The World Factbook*. Central Intelligence Agency.
* Norway Archived ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine. entry at *Britannica.com*
* ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Cite EB9
* Gosse, Edmund William; and four others (1911). "Norway" . *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 799–818. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Cite has empty unknown parameters: `|HIDE_PARAMETER13=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER14c=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER14ab=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER3=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER1=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER4=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER8=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER14bb=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER20=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER5=`, `|separator=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER14b=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER14cb=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER14a=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER10=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER9=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER15chapter=`, `|HIDE_PARAMETER11=`, and `|HIDE_PARAMETER12=` (help)
* ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Cite EB1922
* Norway from *UCB Libraries GovPubs*
* Norway profile Archived ᱒᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ at the Wayback Machine. from the BBC News
* Norway.info Archived ᱒᱖ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ at the Wayback Machine., official foreign portal of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs