# Amafaranga y'amayero

Ifaranga rya Euro
ama euro
**Amayero** ( ikimenyetso **€** cyangwa **EUR** ) ni ifaranga ryemewe rya 20 m'ubihugu 27 bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Iri tsinda ry’ibihugu rizwi nka eurozone cyangwa ku mugaragaro, akarere ka euro, kandi rikaba rikubiyemo abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 344 kuva 2023. Amayero agabanijwemo amafaranga 100.

Inoti z'Amayero
Ifaranga rikoreshwa kandi ku mugaragaro n'inzego z’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, na microstate enye z’Abanyaburayi zitari mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Intara y’Ubwongereza yo mu mahanga ya Akrotiri na Dhekelia, ndetse na Montenegro na Kosovo . Hanze y’Uburayi, uturere twinshi tw’abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nabo bakoresha amayero nkifaranga ryabo. Byongeye kandi, barenga miriyoni 200 zabantu kwisi yose bakoresha amafaranga yinjijwe muma euro .

Amayero n’ifaranga rya kabiri rinini mu bubiko kimwe n’ifaranga rya kabiri ryagurishijwe cyane ku isi nyuma y’idolari rya Amerika . kuva mu Ukuboza 2019 hamwe n'amayero arenga tiriyari 1.3 mu kuzenguruka, amayero afite imwe mu ndangagaciro ndende ihuriweho n'inoti n'ibiceri bikwirakwiye ku isi.

Izina *euro* ryemejwe ku mugaragaro ku ya 16 Ukuboza 1995 i Madrid . Amayero yinjijwe ku masoko y’imari ku isi nk’ifaranga ry’ibaruramari ku ya 1 Mutarama 1999, asimbura icyahoze ari ishami ry’ifaranga ry’iburayi (ECU) ku kigereranyo cya 1: 1 (ku $ 1.1743). Ibiceri by'ama euro hamwe n'inoti byinjiye mu kuzenguruka ku ya 1 Mutarama 2002, bituma iba ifaranga rya buri munsi ry'abanyamuryango bayo ba mbere, kandi muri Werurwe 2002 ryari ryarasimbuye burundu amafaranga yahoze yose.

Hagati yUkuboza 1999 na Ukuboza 2002, amayero yagurishaga munsi y’idolari ry’Amerika, ariko kuva ubwo yagurishijwe hafi y’amadolari y’Amerika cyangwa arenga, agera ku madolari 1.60 ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2008 kandi kuva icyo gihe agaruka hafi y’igipimo cyayo cya mbere. Ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2022, ayo mafaranga yombi yagaragaye ku nshuro ya mbere mu myaka hafi makumyabiri ishize bitewe n'imyivumbagatanyo n’uko Uburusiya bwateye Ukraine muri 2022 .

## Ibiranga

### Ubuyobozi

 Icyicaro cya Banki Nkuru y’i Burayi i Frankfurt am Main
Amayero acungwa kandi akayoborwa na Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi (ECB, Frankfurt am Main ) hamwe na sisiteme ya mayero , igizwe na banki nkuru y’ibihugu by’akarere ka euro. Nka banki nkuru yigenga, ECB ifite ububasha bwonyine bwo gushyiraho politiki yifaranga . Euro system igira uruhare mu gucapa no gukwirakwiza inoti n'ibiceri mu bihugu byose bigize uyu muryango, no mu bikorwa bya sisitemu yo kwishyura ama euro.

Amasezerano ya Maastricht yo muri 1992 ategeka ibihugu byinshi bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kwemeza amayero nyuma yo kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’amafaranga n’ingengo y’imari, nubwo ibihugu byose byitabiriye kubikora. Danimarike yagiranye amasezerano yo gusonerwa, mu gihe Suwede (yinjiye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi muri 1995, nyuma y’amasezerano yo muri Maastricht yashyizweho umukono) yanze ko amayero mu matora ya kamarampaka atubahirizwa muri 2003, kandi yirengagije inshingano yo kwemeza amayero atabonye amafaranga asabwa ningengo yimari. Ibihugu byose byinjiye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuva muri 1993 byiyemeje kwemeza amayero mu gihe gikwiye. Amasezerano ya Maastricht yaje guhindurwa n’amasezerano ya Nice, yafunze icyuho mu masezerano ya Maastricht na Roma.

### Abanyamuryango ba Eurozone

Abanyamuryango 20 bitabiriye ni

#### Abanyamuryango ba EU ntibakoresha ama euro

Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntabwo biri muri Euro zone ni Buligariya, Repubulika ya Ceki, Danimarike, Hongiriya, Polonye, Rumaniya, na Suwede .

#### Ejo hazaza abanyamuryango ba euro zone

Guverinoma ya Bulugariya ifite intego ko lev yo muri Bulugariya yasimburwa na euro ku ya 1 Mutarama 2025.

Guverinoma ya Rumaniya ifite intego yo gusimbuza leu y'Abaromani na euro ku ya 1 Mutarama 2026.

Abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Repubulika ya Tchèque, Hongiriya, Polonye, na Suwede bategetswe kwemera ama euro, amaherezo nubwo badafite itariki isabwa yo kwakirwa, kandi guverinoma zabo ntizifite gahunda yo guhinduranya. Danmarike yaganiriye ku burenganzira bwo kudasabwa guhinduka.

### Abandi bakoresha

**Microstates n'amasezerano y'amafaranga** :

**Intara zidasanzwe za EUAbarera umwe**

Ifaranga ryibihugu byinshi ryashyizwe mu ma euro. Ibi bihugu ni:

## Ibiceri n'inoti

### Ibiceri

Amayero agabanijwemo amafaranga 100 (nanone yitwa *amafaranga yama euro*, cyane cyane iyo ayatandukanije nandi mafaranga, kandi avugwa nkayo kuruhande rw'ibiceri byose). Mubikorwa byo gushyiraho amategeko ashyiraho uburyo bwinshi bwama *euro* byandikwa nta *s*, nubwo ari ikoreshwa ryicyongereza risanzwe. Bitabaye ibyo, icyongereza gisanzwe gikoreshwa, hamwe n'ibice byinshi byaho nka Kentime mu bufaransa.

Ibiceri byose bizenguruka bifite *uruhande rumwe* rwerekana izina cyangwa agaciro, n'ikarita inyuma. Bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'indimi mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, hakoreshwa inyandiko y’ikilatini y’ikilatini ya *euro* (bitandukanye n’ikigereki gisanzwe cyangwa Ikigirilike) hamwe n’imibare y’icyarabu (indi nyandiko ikoreshwa ku mpande z’igihugu mu ndimi z’igihugu, ariko izindi nyandiko kuri rusange uruhande rwirindwa). Ku madini usibye ibiceri bya 1-, 2- na 5-cent, ikarita yerekanaga gusa ibihugu 15 bigize uyu muryango byari abanyamuryango igihe euro yatangizwaga. Guhera mu 2007 cyangwa 2008 (bitewe n'igihugu), ikarita ishaje yasimbuwe n'ikarita y'Uburayi nayo yerekana ibihugu byo hanze y’Uburayi. , 2- na 5-cent, ariko, bigumana igishushanyo cyabyo cya kera, byerekana ikarita y’imiterere y’Uburayi hamwe n’ibihugu 15 bigize uyu mwaka wa 2002 byazamuye mu buryo runaka hejuru y’ikarita. Impande zose zihuriweho zakozwe na Luc Luycx . Ibiceri kandi bifite *uruhande rwigihugu* rwerekana ishusho yatoranijwe nigihugu cyatanze igiceri. Ibiceri bya Euro biva mubihugu byose bigize umuryango birashobora gukoreshwa mubuntu mubihugu byose byemeje amayero.

Ibiceri bitangwa mu madorari ni € 2, € 1, 50c, 20c, 10c, 5c, 2c, na 1c . Kugira ngo wirinde gukoresha ibiceri bito bito, bimwe mu bikorwa by’amafaranga byegeranijwe kugeza ku mafaranga atanu yegereye mu Buholandi na Irilande (ku masezerano ku bushake) no muri Finilande n'Ubutaliyani (n'amategeko). Iyi myitozo yaciwe intege na komisiyo, kimwe n’imikorere y’amaduka amwe yo kwanga kwakira inoti zifite agaciro gakomeye.

Ibiceri byo kwibuka bifite agaciro ka € 2 mu maso byatanzwe hamwe nimpinduka mugushushanya kuruhande rwigihugu cyigiceri. Muri byo harimo ibiceri byombi byakunze gutangwa, nk'igiceri cya € 2 cyo kwibuka cyo kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka mirongo itanu isinywa ry'amasezerano y'i Roma, ndetse n'ibiceri byatanzwe mu gihugu, nk'igiceri cyo kwibuka imikino Olempike yo muri 2004 yatanzwe n'Ubugereki. Ibi biceri byemewe n'amategeko muri eurozone. Ibiceri by'abakusanya hamwe n'andi madini atandukanye nabyo byatanzwe, ariko ibyo ntibigenewe gukwirakwizwa muri rusange, kandi biremewe n'amategeko gusa mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango wabitanze.

#### Gucapa ibiceri

Ibigo byinshi byemerewe gucapa ibiceri byama euro:

### Inoti

 Ibiceri by'ama Euro hamwe n'inoti zitandukanye.
Igishushanyo cy'inoti ya euro gifite ibishushanyo bisanzwe kumpande zombi. Igishushanyo cyakozwe nuwashushanyaga umunya Otirishiya ni Robert Kalina . Inyandiko zitangwa muri € 500, € 200, € 100, € 50, € 20, € 10, na 5 . Buri inoti ifite ibara ryayo kandi yeguriwe igihe cyubuhanzi bwu burayi. Imbere yinyandiko igaragaramo idirishya cyangwa amarembo mugihe inyuma ifite ibiraro, bishushanya guhuza leta mubumwe hamwe ni gihe kizaza. Mu gihe ibishushanyo byitwa ko bidafite ibimenyetso biranga umuntu, ibishushanyo mbonera byakozwe na Robert Kalina byari ibiraro byihariye, birimo Rialto na Pont de Neuilly, hanyuma bigahinduka rusange; ibishushanyo byanyuma biracyafite isano ya hafi na prototypes yihariye; bityo ntabwo ari rusange. Inzibutso zasaga bihagije ninzibutso zi gihugu zitandukanye kugirango zishimishe abantu bose.

Urukurikirane rwa Europa, cyangwa urukurikirane rwa kabiri, rugizwe nokwereka atandatu kandi ntirukubiyemo amayero 500 hamwe no gutanga ibicuruzwa byahagaritswe guhera ku ya 27 Mata 2019. Nyamara, icyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri inoti za euro, harimo amayero 500, zikomeje kuba isoko ryemewe n'amategeko mu karere ka euro.

Ukuboza 2021, ECB yatangaje gahunda yayo yo kuvugurura inoti za euro muri 2024. Itsinda ngishwanama ryinsanganyamatsiko, rigizwe numunyamuryango umwe muri buri gihugu cyama euro, ryatoranijwe kugirango ritange ibitekerezo byinsanganyamatsiko muri ECB. Ibyifuzo bizatorwa na baturage; ndetse amarushanwa yo gushushanya nayo azakorwa.

#### Gutanga uburyo bw'inoti

ibiro bya NCBs
Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2002, amabanki nkuru y’igihugu (NCBs) na ECB batanze inoti ya euro ku bufatanye. Euro system NCBs zirasabwa kwakira inoti ya euro yashyizwe mubikorwa na bandi banyamuryango ba Euro system kandi izo noti ntizisubizwa. ECB itanga 8% by'agaciro k'inoti zose zatanzwe na Euro system. Mu bikorwa, inoti za ECB zishyirwa mu bikorwa na NCBs, bityo hakaba hari inshingano zihuye na ECB. Iyi myenda itwara inyungu ku gipimo nyamukuru cyo gutera inkunga ECB. Andi 92% y’inoti y’amayero yatanzwe na NCBs ugereranije n’imigabane yabo y’urufunguzo rw’imari shingiro rya ECB, ibarwa ukoresheje umugabane w’igihugu cy’abatuye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) n’umugabane w’igihugu ku musaruro w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ufite uburemere buke.

#### Gucapa inoti

Ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byemerewe gucapa cyangwa gukora komisiyo yo gucapa inoti. kuva mu ugushyingo 2022 , izi nizo basohoye:

### Kwishura neza, kohereza amafaranga ya elegitoronike

Imari shingiro muri EU irashobora kwimurwa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose kuva muri leta ijya mu bindi. Ihererekanyabubasha ry'imbere muri euro rifatwa nkigikorwa cy'imbere mu gihugu kandi ryishyura amafaranga yimbere yimbere mu gihugu. Ibi birimo ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ndetse n’ibiri hanze y’ama euro bitanga ibicuruzwa bikorwa mu ma euro. Kwishyuza ikarita yinguzanyo / kubikuza no kubikuza ATM muri eurozone nabyo bifatwa nkibikorwa byimbere mu gihugu; icyakora impapuro zishingiye ku kwishura, nka sheki, ntabwo zashyizwe mu bikorwa bityo ziracyari mu gihugu. ECB yashyizeho kandi sisitemu yo gukuraho, TARGET, kubucuruzi bunini bwama euro.

## Amateka

### Intangiriro

Amayero yashyiriweho n’ibiteganijwe mu masezerano ya Maastricht muri 1992. Kugira uruhare mu ifaranga, ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bigamije kuba byujuje ibisabwa, urugero nk’ingengo y’imari iri munsi ya 3% ya GDP, igipimo cy’umwenda kiri munsi ya 60% ya GDP (byombi byaje kuvugwa cyane nyuma yo gutangira), ifaranga rito, hamwe n'inyungu hafi yikigereranyo cya EU. Mu masezerano ya Maastricht, Ubwongereza na Danimarike byahawe ubusonerwe ku cyifuzo cyabo cyo kwimukira mu cyiciro cy’ubumwe bw’amafaranga bigatuma hashyirwaho amayero.

Izina "euro" ryakiriwe ku mugaragaro i Madrid ku ya 16 Ukuboza 1995. Umubiligi Esperantiste Germain Pirlot, wahoze ari umwarimu w’igifaransa n’amateka, ashimwe kuba yaravuze izina ry’ifaranga rishya yoherereje ibaruwa muri Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Uburayi icyo gihe, Jacques Santer, yerekana izina "euro" ku ya 4 Kanama 1995.

Bitewe no gutandukana mu masezerano y'igihugu yo kuzenguruka hamwe n'imibare igaragara, ihinduka ryose hagati yifaranga ryigihugu ryagombaga gukorwa hakoreshejwe inzira mpandeshatu binyuze m'umayero. Indangagaciro *zisobanutse* zama euro ukurikije igipimo cyivunjisha amafaranga yinjiye muri euro yerekanwa urebye iburyo.

Ibiciro byagenwe n’inama y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, hashingiwe ku cyifuzo cya Komisiyo y’Uburayi gishingiye ku gipimo cy’isoko ku ya 31 Ukuboza 1998. Bashyizweho kugirango Igice kimwe cy’ifaranga ry’iburayi (ECU) kingana na euro imwe. Ishami ry’ifaranga ry’iburayi ryari ishami ry’ibaruramari ryakoreshejwe n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, rishingiye ku mafaranga y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango; ntabwo yari ifaranga muburyo bwayo. Ntibashoboraga gushyirwaho mbere, kubera rero ECU yaterwaga n’ifaranga ry’ifaranga ry’ifaranga ritari amayero (cyane sterling ) uwo munsi.

Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mugukosora igipimo cyo guhindura hagati ya drachma y'ikigereki na euro byari bitandukanye kuva euro icyo gihe yari imaze imyaka ibiri. Mugihe igipimo cyo guhinduranya amafaranga cumi nimwe yambere cyagenwe hasigaye amasaha make ngo euro itangwe, igipimo cyo guhindura drachma yikigereki cyagenwe amezi menshi mbere.

Ifaranga ryatangijwe mu buryo butari mu mubiri ( sheki y'abagenzi, ihererekanyabubasha rya elegitoronike, amabanki, n'ibindi) mu gicuku cyo ku ya 1 Mutarama 1999, igihe amafaranga y'igihugu y'ibihugu byitabiriye (eurozone) yaretse kubaho mu bwigenge. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyafunzwe ku gipimo cyagenwe hagati yabo. Amayero rero yabaye umusimbura w’ishami ry’ifaranga ry’iburayi (ECU). Inoti n'ibiceri by'ifaranga rya kera, ariko, byakomeje gukoreshwa nk'isoko ryemewe n'amategeko kugeza igihe inoti nshya n'ibiceri byatangijwe ku ya 1 Mutarama 2002.

Igihe cyo guhindura igihe inoti n’ibiceri byavunjwaga n’ibya euro byamaze hafi amezi abiri, kugeza ku ya 28 Gashyantare 2002. Itariki yemewe ifaranga ryigihugu ryaretse gutanga isoko ryemewe ryatandukanye kuva mubihugu bigize umuryango. Itariki ya mbere yari mu Budage, aho ikimenyetso cyahagaritswe ku mugaragaro ku isoko ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2001, nubwo igihe cyo kuvunja cyamaze amezi abiri. Ndetse na nyuma yuko amafaranga ashaje ahagaritse gutanga amasoko yemewe n'amategeko, bakomeje kwemerwa na banki nkuru yigihugu mugihe cyimyaka kuva kumyaka myinshi kugeza igihe kitazwi (icya nyuma muri Otirishiya, Ubudage, Irilande, Esitoniya na Lativiya mubinoti no mubiceri, no m'ububiligi, Luxembourg, Siloveniya na Silowakiya mu inoti gusa). Ibiceri bya mbere byahindutse bidahinduka ni escudo yo muri Porutugali, yahagaritse kugira agaciro k'ifaranga nyuma y'itariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2002, nubwo inoti zagumye zivunjisha kugeza muri 2022.

### Ikimenyetso cy'ifaranga

 Ikimenyetso cy'amayero; logo kandi yandikishijwe mu intoki
Ikimenyetso kidasanzwe cy'ifaranga ry'amayero ni (€) cyateguwe nyuma yubushakashatsi rusange bwagabanije icumi m'ubyifuzo mirongo itatu byambere bikagera kuri bibiri. Icyo gihe Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Uburayi ( Jacques Santer ) na Komiseri w’Uburayi bashinzwe amayero ( Yves-Thibault de Silguy ) bahisemo igishushanyo mbonera.

Ku bijyanye n'icyo kimenyetso, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yavuze mu izina ry’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi :

Komisiyo y’Uburayi yanagaragaje ikirango cya euro gifite igipimo nyacyo. Gushyira ikimenyetso cyifaranga ugereranije numubare uratandukanye bitewe na leta, ariko kubisomwa mucyongereza byatangajwe ninzego z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ikimenyetso (cyangwa ISO cyujuje ubuziranenge "EUR") kigomba kubanziriza umubare.

### Ikibazo cya Euro zone

 Ibihugu byi Burayi byimyaka 10, mbere yubukungu bukomeye muburayi inkwano zagendanaga hamwe muburinganire   Ubugereki ingwate yimyaka 10
 Ingengo yimari ya euro zone ugereranije na Amerika n'Ubwongereza.
Nyuma y’ihungabana ry’imari muri Amerika muri 2008, ubwoba bw’ikibazo cy’imyenda yigenga cyabaye muri 2009 mu bashoramari ku bijyanye n’ibihugu bimwe by’Uburayi, aho ibintu byari byifashe nabi cyane mu ntangiriro zo muri 2010 . Ubugereki bwibasiwe cyane, ariko bagenzi ba Euro zone Shipure, Irilande, Ubutaliyani, Porutugali, na Esipanye nabo bagize ingaruka zikomeye. Ibi bihugu byose byakoresheje amafaranga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi usibye Ubutaliyani, n’umuterankunga ukomeye muri EFSF. Kugira ngo yinjizwe mu karere ka euro, ibihugu byagombaga kubahiriza ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byo guhuza, ariko ibisobanuro by’ibi bipimo byagabanutse kubera ko bitashyizwe mu bikorwa n’urwego rumwe rukomeye mu bihugu.

Ishami ry’ubukungu ryita ku bukungu ry’umwaka wo muri 2011 rivuga ko: akarere ka euro gafatwa nk’umuryango umwe, umwanya wacyo ubukungu n’imari usa nkaho utameze nabi kandi mu buryo bumwe na bumwe, kuruta kuba uw'Amerika cyangwa Amerika Ubwongereza "hamwe n’igihombo cy’ingengo y’akarere ka euro muri rusange kiri hasi cyane kandi umwenda wa leta y’akarere ka euro / igipimo cya GDP kingana na 86% muri 2010 cyari hafi urwego rumwe n’Amerika. Baranditse bati: "Byongeye kandi, imyenda y'abikorera ku giti cyabo mu karere ka euro muri rusange iri hasi cyane ugereranyije no mu bukungu bwa Anglo Saxon bukoreshwa cyane". Abanditsi banzuye bavuga ko ikibazo "ari politiki nk’ubukungu" kandi ingaruka z’uko akarere ka euro kadashyigikiwe n " ibikoresho by’inzego (n’ubufatanye) by’igihugu".

Ikibazo cyakomeje kuba S&P imanura igipimo cy’inguzanyo cy’ibihugu icyenda byo mu karere k’amayero, harimo n’Ubufaransa, hanyuma bimanura ikigega cyose cy’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi.

Kuringaniza amateka - kugeza muri 1931 igihe Ubudage bwari buremerewe n’imyenda, ubushomeri n’ubukungu mu gihe Ubufaransa na Amerika byari bifite imyenda ikomeye. y'itabiriwe mu mpeshyi yo muri 2012 nubwo Ubudage bwakiriye imburi yerekana imyenda yonyine.

## Imikoreshereze itaziguye kandi itaziguye

Inyandikorugero:Eurozone labelled map interiorAmayero niyo faranga ryo nyine ry’i bihugu 20 bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi : Otirishiya, Ububiligi, Korowasiya, Kupuro, Esitoniya, Finlande, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubugereki, Irilande, Ubutaliyani, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Luxembourg, Malta, Ubuholandi, Porutugali,Silovakiya, Sloweniya, na Espanye. Ibi bihugu bigize " euro zone ", abagera kuri 347 miliyoni z'abantu bose hamwe muri 2023 . Nk’uko amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi abigaragaza, amayero nayo yagizwe ifaranga ryo nyine kandi ryemewe mu zindi micro state enye z’i Burayi zahawe uburenganzira bwo gucukura (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino n'Umujyi wa Vatikani). Hamwe n’abanyamuryango bose uretse umwe (Danimarike) Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi basabwa kwinjira mu gihe ubukungu bwemewe, hamwe n’abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kwagura amayero biteganijwe gukomeza.

### Yemeranijwe gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye nta gucukura uburenganzira

Amayero kandi ni ifaranga ryonyine mu turere dutatu two mu mahanga two mu Bufaransa tutari mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, aribo Saint Barthélemy, Saint Pierre na Miquelon, hamwe n’ubutaka bw’Abafaransa bw’Amajyepfo na Antaragitika, ndetse no mu Ntara y’Ubwongereza yo mu karere ka Akrotiri na Dhekelia .

### Gukoresha uruhande rumwe

Amayero yemejwe ku buryo bumwe nk'ifaranga ryonyine rya Montenegro na Kosovo. Yakoreshejwe kandi nk'ifaranga ry'ubucuruzi mu mahanga muri Cuba kuva muri 1998, Siriya kuva muri 2006, na Venezuwela kuva 2018. Mu mwaka wo muri 2009, Zimbabwe yaretse ifaranga ryaho maze ishyiraho amafaranga akomeye ku isi yose, aho harimo amayero n'amadorari y'Amerika. Imikoreshereze itaziguye yama euro hanze yubuyobozi bwa EU bugira ingaruka kuri miliyoni 3.

### Amafaranga yinjiye mu ma euro

Hanze ya eurozone, ibihugu bibiri bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bifite ifaranga ryinjizwa mu ma euro, bikaba bibanziriza kwinjira mu karere ka euro. Korone yo muri Danimarike na Buligariya byatewe kubera uruhare rwabo muri ERM II .

Byongeye kandi, ibihugu n’intara 21 byose bitari mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bifite amafaranga yinjizwa mu buryo butaziguye na euro harimo ibihugu 14 byo muri Afurika yo ku mugabane wa Afurika ( CFA franc ), ibihugu bibiri byo ku birwa bya Afurika ( amafaranga Comorian na escudo ya Cape Verdean ), bitatu Intara za pasifika yubufaransa ( CFP franc ) nibihugu bibiri bya Balkan, Bosiniya na Herzegovina ( ikimenyetso cyahinduwe cya Bosiniya na Herzegovina ) na Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru ( denar ya Makedoniya ). Ku ya 1 Mutarama 2010, dobra ya São Tomé na Príncipe yahujwe ku mugaragaro na euro. Byongeye kandi, dirham yo muri Maroke ihambiriye ku gatebo k'ifaranga, harimo amayero n'amadolari y'Abanyamerika, hamwe na euro ihabwa uburemere buke.

* Igipimo cy’ivunjisha n’amateka ugereranije n’andi mafaranga ni 32 (Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi): *ihuza*

## Ibitekerezo bya politiki

Usibye intego z’ubukungu mu kwinjiza amayero, ishyirwaho ryayo naryo ryagize ishingiro nkuburyo bwo kwimakaza ubumwe bw’irangamuntu hagati y’abaturage b’i Burayi. Urugero, ibyatangajwe kuri iyi ntego byavuzwe na Duisenberg, Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru yu burayi, muri 1998, Laurent Fabius, Minisitiri w’imari w’Ubufaransa, muri 2000, na Romano Prodi Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Uburayi, muri 2002. Ariko, nyuma yimyaka 15 itangizwa ryama euro, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko bwagize ingaruka ku myumvire isanganywe iranga Uburayi byose.

## *Euro* mu ndimi zitandukanye

Amazina yemewe yifaranga ni *euro* kubice bikuru hamwe na *cent* kubice bito (ijana) no gukoreshwa ku mugaragaro m'undimi nyinshi zama euro; ukurikije ECB, indimi zose zigomba gukoresha imyandikire imwe kuri nominative single. Ibi birashobora kuvuguruza amategeko asanzwe yo gushiraho ijambo mundimi zimwe.

Bulugariya yagiranye ibiganiro bidasanzwe na *euro* mu nyuguti ya cyirilike yo muri Bulugariya yanditswe evро ntabwo ari euro (*euro*) mu nyandiko zose zemewe. Mu nyandiko y'Ikigereki ijambo (evró) rikoreshwa; ibiceri "cent" by'ikigereki byerekanwe. Imyitozo yemewe ku mategeko y’icyongereza amategeko y’Uburayi ni ugukoresha ijambo euro nk’uburinganire n’ubwinshi, nubwo Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa komisiyo y’Uburayi bw’ubuhinduzi buvuga ko uburyo bwinshi bw’ama *euro* *n’amafarang* bugomba gukoreshwa mu Cyongereza. Ijambo euro rivugwa mu buryo butandukanye ukurikije amategeko yo kuvuga mu ndimi zitandukanye zikoreshwa; mu kidage , mu Cyongereza, mu Gifaransa n'ibindi.

Muri make:

| Ururimi | Izina | IPA |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mu ndimi nyinshi z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi | euro | Croatian: [ěuro], Czech: [ˈƐuro], Danish: [ˈŒwʁo], Dutch: [ˈØːroː], Estonian: [ˈEu̯ro], Finnish: [ˈEu̯ro], French: [øʁo], Italian: [ˈƐwro], Polish: [ˈƐwrɔ], Portuguese: [ˈEwɾɔ] cyangwa  , Slovak: [ˈEwrɔ], Spanish: [ˈEwɾo] |
| Buligariya, Igiseribiya [lower-alpha 1] | евро *evro* | Bulgarian: [ˈƐvro], Serbian: [ěʋro] |
| Ikidage | Euro |  |
| Ikigereki | ευρώ |  |
| Hongiriya | euró |   cyangwa  |
| Ikilatini | eiro |  |
| Lituwaniya | euras |  |
| Maltese | ewro |  |
| Slovene | evro | Slovene: [ˈÉːʋrɔ] |

Kubijyanye na fonetika, gukoresha ubwinshi(€ 6,00 cyangwa 6.00 €), reba Ururimi na euro .

## Reba kandi

* Kapiteni Euro, *Intambara ya Raspberry Ice Cream*
* Ihuriro ry'ifaranga
* Amayero ya Digital
* Ikibazo cy’imyenda y’iburayi
* Urutonde rw'amafaranga mu Burayi
* Urutonde rwamafaranga yasimbuwe na euro

## Inyandiko

## Reba

## Ibindi gusoma

* : 1461–1481. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help); Missing or empty `|title=` (help)
* : 519–549. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help); Missing or empty `|title=` (help)
*
*
* Jordan, Helmuth (2010). "Fehlschlag Euro". Dorrance Publishing. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
*

## Ihuza ryo hanze

* Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi - Euro
* Komisiyo y’Uburayi - Agace ka Euro
* Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi - Euro
* Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi - Igipimo cy’ivunjisha