# Marariya

Inyandikorugero:Other uses

Inyandikorugero:Pp-move-indef

| Malaria |
| --- |
|  |
| Malaria parasite connecting to a red blood cell |
|  |
| Pronunciation | Inyandikorugero:Ubl |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Ibimenyetso | Fever, vomiting, headache, yellow skin |
| Complications | seizures, coma, organ failure, anemia, cerebral malaria |
| Usual onset | 10–15 days post exposure |
| Causes | *Plasmodium* spread by mosquitoes |
| Diagnostic method | Examination of the blood, antigen detection tests |
| Prevention | Mosquito nets, insect repellent, mosquito control, medications |
| Medication | Antimalarial medication |
| Frequency | 241 million (2020) |
| Deaths | 627,000+ (2020) |
| Inyandikorugero:Ubl |

 *'Malariya'*  ni indwara yanduza imibu yibasira abantu ndetse n’andi matungo. -indwara zanduye | url = https: ururimi = en}} </ref> Malariya itera ibimenyetso mubisanzwe birimo umuriro, ]], kuruka, na kubabara umutwe s. Mu bihe bikomeye, irashobora gutera jaundice, gufatwa, [ > Ibimenyetso mubisanzwe bitangira iminsi icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'itanu nyuma yo kurumwa nuwanduye umubu. abaherutse kurokoka kwandura, kwisubiraho mubisanzwe bitera ibimenyetso byoroheje. Iki gice [[Ubudahangarwa (ubuvuzi) | kurwanya izina = Cara2014> Inyandikorugero:Vuga ikinyamakuru </ref>

Malariya iterwa na mikorobe ngengabuzima imwe yo mu itsinda rya  *Plasmodium*  '. ]  *imibu. Kurumwa n'umubu byinjiza parasite biva mu mibu amacandwe mu maraso y’umuntu. ]] aho bakura kandi bakororoka. P. & nbsp; falciparum]]* , mu gihe  *P. & nbsp; vivax* ,  *P. & nbsp; ovale* , na  *P. & nbsp; malariya*  muri rusange itera ubwoko bworoheje bwa malariya. Ubwoko  gake gitera indwara mu bantu. -bishingiye]] ikizamini cyihuse cyo gusuzuma s. ct ya parasite ADN yatejwe imbere, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane mubice bikunze kurwara malariya, bitewe nigiciro cyabyo kandi bigoye.

Ibyago byindwara birashobora kugabanuka mukurinda inzitiramubu hakoreshejwe inzitiramubu cyangwa kurwanya udukoko cyangwa hamwe na ingamba zo kurwanya imibu nko gutera [[umuti wica udukoko] ] no kuvoma amazi ahagaze. ingano yimiti ikomatanya sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine irasabwa impinja na nyuma yigihembwe cya mbere cyo gutwita mu bice bifite malariya nyinshi. urukingo]] byagaragaye ko bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara malariya hafi 40% in abana muri Afrika. .ninde = Kamena 2022}} Imbaraga zo guteza imbere inkingo nziza ziracyakomeza. Ubuvuzi busabwa kuvura malariya ni guhuza ya imiti igabanya ubukana irimo [ [artemisinin]]. Imiti ya kabiri irashobora kuba mefloquine , lumefantrine, cyangwa sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine. 92-4-154792-5 | page = ix | integuro = Icya 2}} </ref> Quinine, hamwe na doxycycline, birashobora gukoreshwa niba artemisinin idahari. > Birasabwa ko mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa n’indwara, malariya yemezwa niba bishoboka mbere yuko imiti itangira kubera impungenge zo kwiyongera kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge. Ibi birimo byinshi Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, Aziya, na Amerika y'Epfo. miliyoni zanduye malariya ku isi hose hapfa abantu bagera ku 627.000. Hafi ya 95% by'imanza n'impfu byabereye muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ibipimo byindwara byagabanutse kuva 2010 kugeza 2014 ariko byiyongera kuva 2015 kugeza 2020. Abana bakunda kugira ibimenyetso rusange: umuriro, inkorora, kuruka, no gucibwamo.

Kugaragara kwa mbere kwindwara-ihuriweho nubwoko bwose bwa malariya-isa na ibimenyetso bisa n’ibicurane, kandi irashobora kumera nkibindi bihe nka sepsis, [ [gastroenteritis]], na indwara ya virusi s. Ikiganiro gishobora kuba kirimo kubabara umutwe, umuriro, guhinda umushyitsi, ububabare bw'ingingo]], kuruka, anemia anemia, jaundice, [ s.

Ikimenyetso cya mbere cya malariya ni paroxysm - ibintu byikurikiranya byubukonje butunguranye bikurikirwa no guhinda umushyitsi hanyuma umuriro no kubira ibyuya, bibaho buri minsi ibiri ([[Umuriro # Ubwoko | . & nbsp; vivax  *na*  P. & nbsp; ovale  *kwandura, kandi buri minsi itatu ([[Umuriro # Ubwoko Indwara ya*  P.

Ibimenyetso mubisanzwe bitangira nyuma yiminsi 10-15 nyuma yo kurumwa kwinzitiramubu, ariko birashobora kubaho mugihe cyamezi menshi nyuma yo kwandura bamwe  *P. vivax*  ihangayikishije.

Malariya ikabije iterwa na  *P. & nbsp; falciparum*  (bakunze kwita malariya ya falciparum). Ibimenyetso bya malariya ya falciparum bivuka nyuma yiminsi 9-30 nyuma yo kwandura. ], conjugate gaze palsy (kunanirwa kw'amaso guhurira hamwe mu cyerekezo kimwe), [ "/>

### Ingorane

Malariya ifite byinshi bikomeye ingorane. Muri ibyo harimo iterambere rya ibibazo by'ubuhumekero, bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 25% bakuze na 40% by'abana bafite malariya ikabije  *P. & nbsp; falciparum*  malariya. Impamvu zishobora kubaho zirimo indishyi z'ubuhumekero za aside metabolike acide, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, ihuza umusonga, hamwe na anemia. Nubwo bidakunze kugaragara ku bana bato bafite malariya ikabije, syndrome de acute respiratory distress iboneka ku bantu 5-25% bakuze ndetse n’abagore batwite bagera kuri 29%. Coinfection ya VIH hamwe na malariya byongera impfu. [ kumeneka mu nkari.

Kwandura  *P. & nbsp; falciparum*  bishobora kuviramo malariya yo mu bwonko, uburyo bwa malariya ikabije irimo encephalopathie. Bifitanye isano no kwera kwa retina, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyamavuriro mugutandukanya malariya nizindi mpamvu zitera umuriro. An [[Splenomegaly | spleen nini] ] cyangwa byombi, kubabara umutwe cyane, isukari nke mu maraso, na [ "Bartoloni 2012" /> Ingorane zirashobora kuba zirimo kuva amaraso bidatinze, coagulopathie, na [[gutembera kw'amaraso

 Malariya ku bagore batwite ni impamvu ikomeye itera kubyara, [ "Hartman 2010" /> cyane cyane muri  *P. & nbsp; falciparum* , ariko kandi hamwe na  *P. & nbsp; vivax* .

## Impamvu

Malariya iterwa no kwandura parasite s mu bwoko  *Plasmodium* .na | itariki = 2022-03-22 | umutwe = CDC - Malariya - Ibyerekeye Malariya - Indwara | url = https: //www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html | kwinjira-itariki = 2022-04-28 | urubuga = www.cdc.gov | ururimi = en-us}} </ref> Mu bantu, malariya iterwa n'ubwoko butandatu  *Plasmodium* :  *P. & nbsp; falciparum ' ',' ' P. & nbsp; malariya' ',' ' ovale wallikeri]]* ,  *P. & nbsp; vivax*  na  *P. & nbsp; knowlesi* . ikinyamakuru | abanditsi = Ashley EA, Pyae Phyo A, Woodrow CJ | umutwe = Malariya | ikinyamakuru = Lancet | umuzingo = 391 | ikibazo = 10130 | impapuro = 1608–1621 | itariki = Mata 2018 | pmid = 29631781 | doi = 10.1016 / S0140 -6736 (18) 30324-6 | s2cid = 208791451}} </ref> Mu banduye,  *P. & nbsp; falciparum*  ni ubwoko bukunze kugaragara (~ 75%) bukurikirwa na  *P. & nbsp; vivax*  (~ 20%). Nubwo  *P. & nbsp; falciparum*  gakondo izwi ts kubantu benshi bapfa, ibimenyetso biheruka kwerekana ko  *P. & nbsp; vivax*  malariya ifitanye isano nubuzima bushobora guhitana ubuzima nkigihe cyose hamwe no gusuzuma  *P . kwandura falciparum* . ya  *Plasmodium*  kuva kuri inguge zo hejuru; icyakora, usibye  *P. & nbsp; knowlesi*  - ubwoko bwa zoonotic butera malariya muri macaques - ibi ahanini bifite ubuzima buke bwabaturage akamaro.

[ Sporozoite itangizwa no kurumwa n'umubu. Bimukira mu mwijima, aho bagwira mu bihumbi bya merozoite. Merozoite yanduza selile yamaraso itukura kandi irigana, yanduza selile nyinshi zitukura. Udukoko tumwe na tumwe dukora gametocytes, ifatwa n'umubu, ikomeza ubuzima.]]

Ubusanzwe parasite itangizwa no kurumwa n  *Anopheles*  'umubu. Icyo izo parasite zatewe, zitwa "sporozoite s", zikora mu ruhu na lymphatique, neza na neza, ntikiramenyekana neza. Ariko, ijanisha rya sporozoite rikurikira amaraso kugera kuri umwijima, aho bateye hepatocyte s. Bakura kandi bagabana mu mwijima iminsi 2-10, buri hepatocyte yanduye amaherezo ibamo parasite zigera ku 40.000. uburyo butera bwa  *Plasmodium*  selile, bita "merozoite s" mumaraso. Mu maraso, merozoite yibasiye byihuse umuntu selile yamaraso itukura, yigana amasaha arenga 24-72 kugirango habeho merozoite nshya 16-32. <! - Cowman ref ati "amasaha 48 . umubare wa parasite kumuntu wanduye. Nyamara, ibyinshi muri  *P. vivax*  yigana biomass ya merozoite ubu (kuva 2021) izwiho kwihisha mu gihimba no mu magufa (ahari nahandi hose), bityo igashyigikira abashishoza, bamaze igihe kirekire (kuva 2011) ariko mbere birengagijwe ko inyigisho zidakwirakwizwa na merozoite ari inkomoko benshi  *P. vivax*  malariya yongeye kugaruka (reba igice cya "Malariya Yisubiramo" hepfo). <ref> Inyandikorugero:Cite ikinyamakuru < igitsina gore "gametocyte s". Iyi gametocytes ikura mu igufwa ry'amagufa mu gihe cy'iminsi 11, hanyuma igasubira mu maraso kugira ngo itegereze gufatwa no kurumwa n'indi mibu. Onc