# Carl Friedrich Gauss

| Carl Friedrich Gauss |
| --- |
|   |
| Kawsaynin |
| Tukuy sutin |
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß  |
| Paqarisqa |
Brunswick (es)  , awril 30, 1777  |
| Suyun |
Confederación del Rin (es)  Reino de Hanóver (es)   |
| Tiyaq wasin |
Reino de Hanóver (es)  Brunswick (es)   |
| Wañusqan |
Gotinga (es)  , phiwriru 23, 1855  |
| Wañusqanpampa |
Albanifriedhof (en)   |
| Ayllun |
| Taytan |
Gebhard Dietrich Gauss |
| Maman |
Dorthea Benze |
| Warmin/Qusan |
Johanna Osthoff (es)   (1805 -  1809) Friederica Wilhelmine Waldeck (es)   (1810 -  1831)  |
| Wawankuna |

view
* Eugene Gauss (es)  Joseph Gauß (es)  Wilhelmine Gauss (es)  Therese Gauss (es)  Wilhelm Gauß (mul)
 |
| Education |
| Hatun yachay-wasi | Universidad de Helmstedt (es)  1799) Collegium Carolinum (en)  (1792 - 1795) Göttingen Yachay Sunturnin (1795 - 1798)  |
| Yachay wasipi taripasqa |
doctor en Filosofía (es)   |
| Thesis | *Demonstratio nova theorematis omnem functionem algebraicam rationalem integram unius variabilis in factores reales primi vel secundi gradus resolvi posse*  |
| Thesis director |
Johann Friedrich Pfaff (es)   |
| Doctoral students |
Friedrich Bessel (es)  Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (es)  Bernhard Riemann (es)  Heinrich Christian Schumacher (es)  Christian Ludwig Gerling (es)  Johann Benedict Listing (es)  Karl von Staudt (es)  Moritz Ludwig George Wichmann (es)  Sophie Germain (es)  Moritz Abraham Stern (es)  Friedrich Wilhelm Spehr (es)  Karl Heinrich Gräffe (es)  Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (es)  Johann Encke (es)  Gustaf Svanberg (es)   |
| Simikunan |
Latin simi Aliman simi Inlis simi Ransis simi  |
| Yachachiqkunan |
Johann Christian Martin Bartels (mul)   |
| Llamk'anan |
| Llamk'anan |
matemático (es) , geofísico (es) , astrónomo (es) , escritor de ciencia (es) , físico (es) , agrimensor (es) , profesor universitario (es) , estadístico (es) -wan geodesta (es)   |
| Employers |
Göttingen Yachay Sunturnin  |
| Aswan riqsisqa qillqasqan | *método de Gauss-Seidel (es)  Ley de Gauss (es)  Ley de Gauss para el campo magnético (es)  Gauss's law for gravity (en)  distribución normal (es)  Disquisitiones arithmeticae (es)  Disquisitiones generales circa superficies curvas (en)  Atlas des Erdmagnetismus: nach den Elementen der Theorie entworfen (mul)*  |
| Suñaynin |

see
* Orden del Mérito de las Ciencias y las Artes  (1842) miembro de la Royal Society  (1804) Medalla Copley  (1838)  Orden bávara de Maximiliano para la Ciencia y las Artes  (1853) Premio Lalande  (1809) Miembro de la Academia Estadounidense de las Artes y las Ciencias  (1822) [[]]  (1839)
 |
| Influenced by |
Leonhard Euler (es) -wan Adrien-Marie Legendre (es)   |
| Membership |
Royal Society (es)  Real Academia de las Ciencias de Suecia (es)  Academia de Ciencias de Gotinga (es)  Academia de Ciencias de San Petersburgo (es)  Academia de Ciencias de Hungría (es)  Academia Estadounidense de las Artes y las Ciencias (es)  Academia de Ciencias de Baviera (es)  Academia de Ciencias de Rusia (es)  Academia Prusiana de las Ciencias (es)  Real Academia de Artes y Ciencias de los Países Bajos (es)  Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL (es)  Academia de Ciencias de Turín (es)   |
| Hawa-puriq |
|   |

 Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)

**Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß** sutiyuq runaqa (\* 30 ñiqin ayriway killapi 1777 watapi paqarisqa Braunschweig llaqtapi - 23 ñiqin hatun puquy killapi 1855 watapi wañusqa Göttingen llaqtapi) huk  Alimaña mama llaqtayuq Yupay yachay pachaykamay yachaq runam qarqan.

Taytan: Eheleute Gebhard Dietrich Gauß (1744–1808); Maman: Dorothea Gauß geborene Benze (1743–1839).
Warmikuna:

## Qillqasqankuna

* 1799: "Doctoral dissertation": **Amawtapaq rimay** on the "fundamental theorem of algebra", **Tullupakiypa tiktsiqllaq tsuyaypaq**, with the title: *Demonstratio nova theorematis omnem functionem algebraicam rationalem integram unius variabilis in factores reales primi vel secundi gradus resolvi posse* ("New proof of the theorem that every integral algebraic function of one variable can be resolved into real factors (i.e., polynomials) of the first or second degree")
* 1801: *Disquisitiones Arithmeticae* (Latin). A German translation by H. Maser  *Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)*. New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 0-8284-0191-8 , pp. 1–453. English translation by Arthur A. Clarke  *Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Second, corrected edition)*. New York: Springer. 1986. ISBN 0-387-96254-9 .
* 1808:  *Theorematis arithmetici demonstratio nova*. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. 16 . German translation by H. Maser  *Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)*. New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 0-8284-0191-8 , pp. 457–462 [Introduces Gauss's lemma, uses it in the third proof of quadratic reciprocity]
* 1809: *Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium* (Theorie der Bewegung der Himmelskörper, die die Sonne in Kegelschnitten umkreisen), *Theory of the Motion of Heavenly Bodies Moving about the Sun in Conic Sections* (English translation by C. H. Davis), reprinted 1963, Dover, New York.
* 1811:  *Summatio serierun quarundam singularium*. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis . German translation by H. Maser  *Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)*. New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 0-8284-0191-8 , pp. 463–495 [Determination of the sign of the quadratic Gauss sum, uses this to give the fourth proof of quadratic reciprocity]
* 1812: *Disquisitiones Generales Circa Seriem Infinitam* WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0
* 1818:  *Theorematis fundamentallis in doctrina de residuis quadraticis demonstrationes et amplicationes novae*. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis . German translation by H. Maser  *Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)*. New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 0-8284-0191-8 , pp. 496–510 [Fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity]
* 1821, 1823 and 1826: *Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae*. Drei Abhandlungen betreffend die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung als Grundlage des Gauß'schen Fehlerfortpflanzungsgesetzes. (Three essays concerning the calculation of probabilities as the basis of the Gaussian law of error propagation) English translation by G. W. Stewart, 1987, Society for Industrial Mathematics.
* 1827: *Disquisitiones generales circa superficies curvas*, Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingesis Recentiores. Volume **VI**, pp. 99–146. "General Investigations of Curved Surfaces" (published 1965) Raven Press, New York, translated by A.M.Hiltebeitel and J.C.Morehead.
* 1828:  *Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio prima*. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. 6 . German translation by H. Maser  *Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)*. New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 0-8284-0191-8 , pp. 511–533 [Elementary facts about biquadratic residues, proves one of the supplements of the law of biquadratic reciprocity (the biquadratic character of 2)]
* 1832:  *Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio secunda*. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. 7 . German translation by H. Maser  *Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)*. New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 0-8284-0191-8 , pp. 534–586 [Introduces the Gaussian integers, states (without proof) the law of biquadratic reciprocity, proves the supplementary law for 1 + *i*]
* 1843/44: *Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Erste Abhandlung*, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Zweiter Band, pp. 3–46
* 1846/47: *Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Zweite Abhandlung*, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Dritter Band, pp. 3–44
* *Mathematisches Tagebuch 1796–1814*, Ostwaldts Klassiker, Verlag Harri Deutsch 2005, mit Anmerkungen von Neumamn, ISBN 978-3-8171-3402-1 (English translation with annotations by Jeremy Gray: Expositiones Math. 1984)

Gauss's collective works are online at dz-srv1.sub.uni-goettingen.de Uni-goettingen.de includes German translations of Latin texts and commentaries by various authorities.

## Suñaykuna

* Lalande Suñay (1810)
* Medalla Copley (1838)

## Willay pukyukuna

## Kaypipas qhaway

* Pachaykamay

## Hawa t'inkikuna

* Commons nisqaqa multimidya kapuyninkunayuqmi kay hawa: **Carl Friedrich Gauss**.