# روبيډيوم

Rubidium,  37Rb|  |
| عمومي خواص |
| Pronunciation |  /rʊˈbɪdiəm/  RUU**-BID-**EE**-əm* |
| Appearance | grey white |
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| Rubidium په دوراني جدول کې |
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 | K ↑ Rb ↓ Cs |
| krypton ← rubidium → strontium | ‍ |

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| اټومي شمیره (*Z*) | 37 |
| گروپ, پیریود | group 1 (alkali metals), period 5  |
| بلاک | s-block  |
| Element category |   alkali metal |
| معياري اټومي وزن (*A*r) | کينډۍ:Val |
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 5s1  |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 |
| فزیکي خواص |
| حالت (at STP) | جامد |
| دويلې کيدو ټکى | 312.45 K ​(39.30 °C, ​102.74 °F)  |
| يشنا ټکی | 961 K ​(688 °C, ​1270 °F)  |
| Density near r.t. | 1.532 g/cm3 |
| when liquid, at m.p. | 1.46 g/cm3  |
| Triple point | 312.41 K, ​? kPa  |
| Critical point | 2093 K, 16 MPa *(extrapolated)* |
| Heat of fusion | 2.19 kJ/mol  |
| Heat of vaporization | 69 kJ/mol  |
| Molar heat capacity | 31.060 J/(mol·K)  |
| **Vapor pressure**

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 434 | 486 | 552 | 641 | 769 | 958 |

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| اټومي خواص |
| Oxidation states | **+1**, −1 ​(a strongly basic oxide) |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.82  |
| Ionization energies | * 1st: 403 kJ/mol
* 2nd: 2632.1 kJ/mol
* 3rd: 3859.4 kJ/mol
*
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 248 pm  |
| Covalent radius | 220±9 pm  |
| Van der Waals radius | 303 pm  |
| Miscellanea |
| Crystal structure |  ​body-centered cubic (bcc)Body-centered cubic crystal structure for rubidium |
| Speed of sound  thin rod | 1300 m/s (at 20 °C)  |
| Thermal expansion | 90 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) |
| د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 58.2 W/(m·K)  |
| Electrical resistivity | 128 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)  |
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic  |
| Magnetic susceptibility (*χ*mol) | +17.0·10−6 cm3/mol (303 K) |
| Young's modulus | 2.4 GPa  |
| Bulk modulus | 2.5 GPa  |
| Mohs hardness | 0.3  |
| Brinell hardness | 0.216 MPa  |
| CAS Number | 7440-17-7  |
| History |
| Discovery | Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff (1861) |
| First isolation | George de Hevesy |
| Main isotopes of rubidium |
|

| آيسو­ټوپ | Abun­dance | نیم ژوند (*t*1/2) | Decay mode | Pro­duct
کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2
کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 85Rb | 72.17% | stable
کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 |
| 87Rb | 27.83% | 4.9کينډۍ:E y | β− | 87Sr |

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**روبيډيوم** (په انگرېزي: *Rubidium*) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د **Rb** سمبول او ۳v اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

## مشخصات

## تاریخچه

روبیډیم په 1861 کې د رابرټ بنسن او ګوستاو کرچوف لخوا کشف شوo د دې د اخراج په طیف کې د روښانه سرې کرښو له امله ، دوی یو نوم غوره کړ چې د لاتین کلمې روبیډوس څخه اخیستل شوی ، معنی یې "ژور سور".

## مرکبات

ځینې ​​عام روبیډیم مرکبات عبارت دي له: روبیډیم کلورایډ (RbCl) ، روبیډیم مونو اکسایډ (Rb2O) او روبیډیم مسو سلفیټ Rb2SO4 · CuSO4 · 6H20).

## د استعمال ځایونه

روبیډیم په خلا ټیوبونو کې د ګیټر په توګه کارول کیږي ، هغه مواد چې د خلا ټیوبونو سره ټریس ګازونه سره یوځای کوي او لرې کوي

## سرچينې

<!doctype html><html itemscope="" itemtype=" lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta content="origin" name="referrer"><meta content="Anb2GUnhMjfTIX0D2a4a6NPAqPI5GaxxRAiF81XTjHJ2qK4E3Hw3VFM4eaJBgRzz45CNPt624audv+wHOJwfAAEAAABieyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZS5jb206NDQzIiwiZmVhdHVyZSI6IlRydXN0VG9rZW5zIiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjI2MjIwNzk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZX0=" http-equiv="origin-trial"><title>rubidium used - Google Search</title><script nonce="8F7E029aGaVsLoC25XFeyA==">(function(){window.google={kEI:'0y0oYb3GIMjF0PEP5p-c0Ak',kEXPI:'31',u:'b81a95e8',kBL:'2n4T'};google.sn='web';google.kHL='en';})();(function(){

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 دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

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