Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Berkeley, California

|  |
| --- |
| **Lakanbalen ning Berkeley** |
| Berkeley makalawe keng panglungalbugan a mayayakit ibat king Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve.Berkeley makalawe keng panglungalbugan a mayayakit ibat king Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve. |
| Ing Lakanbalen ning Berkeley a makapasala kilub ning Alameda County.Ing Lakanbalen ning Berkeley a makapasala kilub ning Alameda County. |
| Coordinates: 37°52′13″N, 122°16′05″W |
| Bangsa
 | United States of America |
| State
 | California |
| County
 | Alameda
 |
| Incorporated | April 4 1878 |
| **Gubyernu** |
|  - Mayor
 | Tom Bates  |
|  - City Manager
 | Phil Kamlarz  |
| **Katas** | 0 to 1,320 ft (**Expression error: Unrecognized word "to".** m) |
| **Populasyun** (2000) |
|  - Total | 102,743 |
| Oras Zona | PST (UTC-8)
  |
|  - Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC-7) |
| **Website:**  |

## Suglung Palwal

Ing Wikimedia Commons atin yang mediang maki kaugnayan kang/king:
 Berkeley, California Official Government Website Archived Juliu 8, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* Berkeley Public Library
* Berkeley Landmarks
* California State Assembly District 14 Archived Juniu 25, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* *The Daily Californian* Website
* *Berkeley Daily Planet* Website
* People's Park
* Homeless Youth Shelter Archived Juniu 25, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* Berkeley Schools
* Berkeley Firefighters Association
* Oakland Berkeley and Eastern - The train history of Berkeley and the East Bay Archived Juliu 6, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* Photos of Berkeley
* Interactive map of Berkeley's Gourmet Ghetto neighborhood: MondoMap
* Berkeley (California) travel guide from Wikivoyage

Template:Geolinks-US-cityscale

Template:Berkeley, California
# John Everett Millais

|  |
| --- |
| John Everett Millais |
|
Self-portrait néng Millais, 1881. |
| Mibait | 8 ya ing Junio 1829 Southampton, Hampshire, Inglaterra |
| Mete | 13 ya ing Agosto 1896 (aged 67) Kensington, London, Inglaterra |
| Kapanintunan/propesion | Pintor, ilustrador |
| Asawa | Euphemia Gray ​(m. 1855) |
| Ának | 8, kayábé ya i John Guille Millais |

I **Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet** (8 ya ing Junio 1829 – 13 ya ing Agosto 1896) métung yang Ingles a pintor ampóng ilustrador a métung karéng talatátag ning Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Anak yang maténákan (*child prodigy*) a king edad a once años méging anak díling estudianting línub king Royal Academy Schools. Mítátag ya ing Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood king balé ning kayang pamilia king London, king 83 Gower Street (ngéni number 7). I Millais ing méging píkabaluan díling talapasúlung na níting estilu, at ing pinintúra nang *Christ in the House of His Parents* (1849–50) migdalá yang controversia, at miglalang yang laráwan a migsilbing pékakatáwan ning díwá nang pangkasalésáyan ampóng naturalista ning grupung iti, ing *Ophelia*, in 1851–52.
# Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin
I **Charles Robert Darwin** (February 12, 1809 - April 19, 1882) metung yang Ingles a naturalist. Pekataniag ya uling king kayang pamagmunikala king teoria ning ebolusion. Sasabian na nang teoriang iting ing paralan nung pamanaliwa reng organismu o mabibie ya pin ing pamamili ning kalikasan (*natural selection*) ning pekabage o pekaangkup (*survival of the fittest*) o pekamatagumpeng organismu kesa kareng aliwang e makanian kaangkup. Sinabi na mu namang mas bage la reng aliwa uling kareng karaniwan a pamanaliwang ibat kareng mutation (pamagbayu kareng gene). Uli mapaliaring mas magamitan la o mas makasaup deng aliwang pamagbayu, mas maragul ing pamikatagun o tsansang mie ya ing organismu, at apamana no reti kareng tutuking dai o henerasiun. Samantala, nung ing pamagbayu sangkan ne ning mas mababang pamikatagun a mie ya ing organismu, mas ditak ing tsansang mipamana ya, at malagua yang mawala iti.

Ing kayang librung mibulalag aniang 1859, ing *On the Origin of Species* (Tungkul king Penibatan da reng Species [o Uri]) ing mitikdo king ebolusion kapamilatan ning pamagmula king metung a pipumpunan anting manimunang pamagpalino ning siensia king pami-aliwa-liwa da reng mabibie king kalikasan. Siniasat na ing ebolusion ning tau ampo ing pamamiling sexual (*sexual selection*) king *The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex*, (Ing Penibatan ning Tau, ampo ing Pamamiling maki Kaugnayan king Sex) at katuki na niti, ing *The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals* (Ing Pamipasiag da reng Tau ampo reng Animal king Karelang Panamdaman). Mibulalag ing kayang pamanialiksik kareng tanaman king metung a serie da reng libru; keta namang kayang tauling libru, penigaralan no reng bulati king gabun (earthworm) ampo ing karelang epektu king gabun.

Metung a kopia ning *Origins of Species* a melimbag kanitang 1859
# Biologia

Ing agham-bye ('bye' ing kabaldugan ning bio- at 'pamanigaral' ing kabaldugan ning -ologia) yapin ing pamanigaral kareng eganaganang mabibye, kayabe no reng tanaman, animal, fungi (anti reng payung-payungan), ampo reng bacteria. Ini ing agham ning bye. Panigaralan na niti ing kimut da reng animal ampo reng aliwang lelangan o organismu, at nung nanu la itsura. Panigaralan na la naman ning agham-bye ing pamiugnayan da reng organismu king metung at metung at king karelang kapaligiran.

Anting metung a agham, pilan neng dalang banwa ing agham-biye, at dakal yang dakal larangan ning pamanyaliksik ampong sanga. Tuturing dong magsariling paksa deng dakal kareng sangang deti.

### Deng sanga ning biologia

Anatomy --
Arachnology --
Astrobiology --
Botany --
Biochemistry --
Biogeography --
Bioinformatics --
Biophysics --
Cell Biology --
Cytology --
Dendrology --
Developmental biology --
Ecology --
Entomology --
Ethology --
Evolutionary biology --
Embryology --
Genetics / Genomics / Proteomics --
Herpetology --
Histology --
Human biology / Anthropology / Primatology --
Ichthyology --
Limnology --
Malacology --
Mammalogy --
Marine biology --
Microbiology / Bacteriology --
Molecular Biology --
Mycology / Lichenology --
Nematology --
Neurobiology / Neuroscience --
Ornithology --
Palaeontology --
Phycology --
Phylogenetics --
Physiology --
Plant pathology --
Taxonomy --
Virology --
Zoology

## * Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus
* Planta - Triticum
* Fungi - Morchella esculenta
* Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus
* Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)
* Archaea - Halobacteria
* Virus - Gamma phage
# Sakup (biolohia)

Deng miyayaliwang lebel o balitang ning sientipikung sistema ning pamitinduk-tinduk (scientific system of classification).

---

Ing pamituki-tuki da reng walung pekamaulagang ranggung pang-taxonomia ning sistemang biolohikal. E la makabili deng mangalating ranggung atiu king pilatan da reti.
King taxonomiang pang-biolohia, ing **sakup** o king Ingles, **domain** (a mayayaus muring **superregnum**, **superkingdom**, o **empire**) ing pekamataus a ranggung pang-taxonomia da reng organismu, a mas matas kesa king kaarian. Agpang king three-domain system nang Carl Woese a mipakilala aniang 1990, ing Pun ning Bie o Tree of Life bibilugan de reng makatuking sakup o domain: Archaea, Eubacteria ampong Eukaryota. Masasalamin kanitang pamanayus karing taxa ing pekamaulagang pamiyaliwa-liwang makayamut king ebolusion a mayayakit king genome. Ating mapilang alternatibu o aliwang mimunikalang klasipikasiun ning bie:

* Ing two-empire system or **Superdomain system**, nung nu deng grupung pekamatas ila pin deng imperiu (empire) a Prokaryota (o Monera) ampong Eukaryota.
* Ing six-kingdom system nung nu deng grupung pekamatas ila pin deng Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, ampong Animalia.

Uling keraklan makabasi la reti king pamanigaral kareng impormasiun king genetic sequence ampong cladistics, mapaliaring mika bayu pang pamanayus o sistemang mimunikala.

## Lon la murin deti

* Phylogenetics
* Systematics
# Anatomy

Ing pusu ning tau at ing kayang baga, ibat keng matuang pamaglimbag ning  *Gray's Anatomy*.
Ing **Anatomy** (from the Greek *ἀνατομία anatomia*, ibat  *ἀνατέμνειν ana: kawani, at temnein*, pututan, catatan, buklat, busni) metung yang sanga ning biologia nung nu pagaralan de ing balangkas da ring mabie bage. Metung yang katayang malyaring miyabe ya ing anatomy ning tau, anatomy ning animal (zootomy) at anatomy ning tanaman (phytotomy). Neng misan kasapni ya keng embryology, comparative anatomy at comparitive embryology, Kapamilatan ning pareung yamut keng evolution.

## Anatomy ning tau

Metung a X-ray ning salu ning tau.
Ing anatomy ning tau, kayabe ning human anatomy at histology, iti ing scientific a pamanigaral ning morphology ning metung a katawan ning tau.

Anatomy ning tau, physiology at biochemistry miugneugne la keng basicang pamanulung science, nung nu mitututuru kareng magaral a medicina king karelang mumunang banuang pamanigaral a medicina. Ing anatomy ning tau malyari yang mituru kapamilatan ning palatuntunan o kaya keng pamidake na, antimo reng dake ning buntuk, daek ning salu, o kaya ing pamanigaral mu ning kulinyayan o ing tuntunan pamangisnawa.

## Dalerayan

* "Anatomy of the Human Body". 20th edition. 1918. Henry Gray

## Suglung Palwal

Template:WVD

* American Association of Anatomists promotes anatomical sciences.
* Neuroanatomy is an annual journal of clinical neuroanatomy.
* High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases
* Free online anatomy atlas
* The NPAC Visible Human Viewer Archived Abril 1, 2004 at the Wayback Machine
* Online Radiology Anatomy Resources
* Anatomy Atlases - a digital library of anatomy information
* Instant Anatomy - Online anatomy website with podcasts
* Anatomy quiz for the Level 2 OCR Certifcate Archived Oktubri 12, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* The Anatomy Wiz Archived Mayu 10, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* Anatomia 1522-1867: Anatomical Plates from the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library
* Free Program with Labeled Anatomic Images For Radiologists and Other Physicians
* Foundational Model of Anatomy ontology

Template:Anatomy
Template:Biology-footer
# Pating

Ing **pating** metung yang danuman a vertebrate a animal a suborder a Selachimorpha, makabalut yang kaliskis, ampong atin yang paris a palikpik ampong dakal a alang paris a palikpik. Deng asan dakal la keng dayat malat ampong keng danuman tabang, kambe da reng asan keng sapa da reng bunduk makanyan mu rin keng malalam nang lugal ning kadayatmalatan.
Deng pating mayalaga lang pikuanan bilang pamangan para kareng tau keti yatu, a mayayakua iabt kareng tau o merangle kalupa da mo reng baka ampong manuk. Deng asan gagamitan dala naman bilang libangan, kapamiltan ning angling ampong pamanyesenasan, at pangkaraniwan papakit do kareng malda kareng aquarium.
# Thomas Aquinas

| Western Philosophers Medieval Philosophy |
| --- |
|
Depiction of St. Thomas Aquinas from *The Demidoff Altarpiece* by Carlo Crivelli |
| Lagyu: | Thomas Aquinas |
| Kebaitan: | c.1225 (Castle of Roccasecca, near Aquino, Italy) |
| Kematyan: | Marsu 7, 1274 (Fossanova Abbey, Lazio, Italy) |
| Pipagaralan/tradition: | Scholasticism, Founder of Thomism |
| Pun a kaburian/abalu: | Metaphysics (incl. Theology), Logic, Mind, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics |
| Bantug a aisip: | Five Proofs for God's Existence, Principle of double effect |
| Ayasag: | Aristotle, Boethius, Eriugena, Anselm, Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, St. Augustine |
| Ayasag: | Giles of Rome, Godfrey of Fontaines, Jacques Maritain, G. E. M. Anscombe, John Locke, Dante |

Y **Santo Tomas de Aquino** [**Thomas of Aquin**, or **Aquino**] (c. 1225 – Marsu 7 1274) metung yang pilosopu at theologian king scholastic a kaugalian, a kebaluan bilang **Doctor Angelicus, Doctor Universalis**. Iya ing maimunakeng talasulung ning ausan dang natural theology, at tatang ning Thomistic pipagaralan a philosophy, nung nu maluat na iya ing pilosopung gagamitan ning Roman Catholic a Pisamban. Ing gawa bantug ya bilang *Summa Theologiae*. Metung kareng atlung pulu't atlung Doctor ning Pisamban, kikilanan de reng Katoliku bilang pekamatenakan a theologian ning Pisamban. Dakal lang pipagaralan a intstitusyun a mipalagyu kaibat na.

## Kasusug Kilwal

### By Aquinas

| Manakit kang karagdagang impormasiun tungkul king Thomas Aquinas kareng kapatad nang proyektu ning Wikipedia: |
| --- |
|  | Kabaldugan king diccionariu |
|  | Aklat |
|  | Quotations |
|  | Kasulatan a dalerayan |
|  | Larawan ampong media |
|  | News stories |
|  | Learning resources |

* *Summa contra Gentiles*
* *Summa Theologiae*
* *The Principles of Nature Archived Disyembri 5, 2004 at the Wayback Machine*
* *On Being and Essence Archived Nobyembri 27, 2014 at the Wayback Machine* (*De Ente et Essentia*)
* *Catena Aurea* (partial)
* Corpus Thomisticum - the works of St. Thomas Aquinas (Latin)
* Works by Thomas Aquinas at Project Gutenberg
* Bibliotheca Thomistica IntraText: texts, concordances and frequency lists

### Tungkul kang Aquinas

* Catholic Encyclopedia article
* Article on Thomism by the Jacques Maritain Center of Notre Dame University
* Biography of Aquinas by G. K. Chesterton (Warning: protected by copyright outside of Australia)
* On the legend of St. Albert's automaton
* Aquinas on Intelligent Extra-Terrestrial Life
* St Thomas of Aquinas Selected Prayers and poems
* *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy* entry
* Archived Nobyembri 25, 2005 at the Wayback Machine bio and ideas at SWIF/University of Bari/Italy
* Aquinas' Moral, Political and Legal Philosophy
* Aquinas the Scholar Archived Setyembri 1, 2006 at the Wayback Machine from *The Thirteenth, the Greatest of Centuries*, ch. XVII. by James Joseph Walsh

---

* Template:Schaff-Herzog
* *Ining artikulu atin yang dakeng mekopia king*  Encyclopædia Britannica *Eleventh Edition**, metung a kasulatan a makapaintulut na king malda.*

Template:History of economic thought
# Prokaryote

Deng dake ning bacterium, metung a prokaryote
Deng **prokaryote** /proʊˈkæriət/) grupu lang organismung alang w:cell nucleus:cell nucleaus (= karyon), o nanu mang organelle o mibabalut membrane. Aliwa la kareng eukaryote, a maki cell nucleus. Keraklan kareti, w:unicellular la o tunggal mu cell, dapot ating prokaryote a bibilugan da reng dakal a cell o organismung multicellular. Ing katayang *prokaryote* ibat ya king katayang Matuang Griegu o Old Greek a *pro-* bayu + *karyon* nues o butul/bini, a tutungge ketang cell nucleus, ampo ing suffix a *-otos*. Neng kayi, susulat de muring "procaryotes" king Ingles

Mapipitna la kareng aduang domain deng prokaryote: deng bacteria ampo reng archaea. Deng archaea metung lang bayung lalang a domain ning bie. Aniang mumuna, ing isipan da, karen la mung lugal o kabilian a sobra (extreme) mabibie deti, alimbaua kareng lugal a masiadung matas a temperatura, pH, ampong radiation, dapot manibat kanita, ikit da no kareng eganaganang uring tutuknangan o habitat.

| **Prokaryotic cell Structure** |
| --- |
| Flagellum |
| Cell membrane |
| Cell wall |
| Cytoplasm |
| Ribosome |
| Nucleoid |
| Glycocalyx |
| Inclusions |

## Pikuanan

## Lon la murin deti

* Archaea and Bacteria, the two prokaryotic taxa
* Monera, an obsolete kingdom including both of the above
* Bacterial cell structure
* Nanobe
* Virus
* Prion
* Symbiogenesis

## Suglung palual

* Prokaryote versus eukaryote, BioMineWiki Archived Oktubri 25, 2012 at the Wayback Machine

Ing Wikimedia Commons atin yang mediang maki kaugnayan kang/king:
 Procaryota

Template:NCBI-scienceprimer
# Botany

*Para kareng aliwang kabaldugan, lawen ye ing agham-biye pangtanaman (pamilino)*
File:504px-Pinguiculagrandiflora1web.jpg*Pinguicula grandiflora*
Ing **agham-biye pangtanaman** ya pin ing pamanigaral a pang-agham ning bie ning tanaman. Bilang sanga ning agham-bye, mayayaus ya naman bilang **agham ning tanaman** o kaya **agham pangtanaman**. Ing agham-biye pangtanaman sasakupan ne ing malapad at dakal a belwan na ning pamanigaral ning balangkas tanaman, pangadagul, pamamalipi, metabolismu, pamipalual at ding sakit ning tanaman. Ing pamanigaral ning tanaman at agham-bye pangtanaman megumpisa kayabe ne ing katutubung lore, nung nu mebansagan lang malyaring kanan, agamit panulu at lasun atanaman, nung nu meging ing agham-bye pangtanaman metung yang pekamatuang agham. Ing sasakupan ning agham-bye pangtanaman miragdagan a meging kayabe la ring maiggit 550,000 a bage o miyayaliwang uri (species) da reng sablang mabye-lalang (organisms).

## Kasusug Kilwal

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Biology Portal |

* Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
* Torner Watercolors c. 1700, from Mexican Expedition. All 2000+ Watercolors for free viewing Courtesy the Hunt Institute and the Universal Library at Carnegie-Mellon University Archived Juliu 8, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
* plant growth and the plant cell from Kimball's Biology Pages Archived Abril 9, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
* Biology News Headlines Archived Juniu 10, 2006 at the Wayback Machine,
* Botanical Society of America: What is Botany? Archived Mayu 17, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
* Science and Plants for Schools Archived Eneru 20, 2020 at the Wayback Machine
* Teaching Documents about Botany Archived Agostu 14, 2006 at the Wayback Machine Teaching documents, lecture notes and tutorials online: an annotated link directory.
* American society of plant biologists APSB Archived Oktubri 19, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* Why study Plants? Dept of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Archived Disyembri 9, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* Botany Photo of the Day Archived Juniu 12, 2006 at the Wayback Machine

### Bulaklak at aliwang tanaman a Catalagu at dalerayan

* The Virtual Library of Botany
* List of major natural Plant Species in the UK, described in the National Vegetation Classification
* High quality pictures of plants and information about them from Catholic University of Leuven
* Curtis's Botanical Magazine Archived Juliu 1, 2007 at the Wayback Machine, 1790-1856
* The Trees Of Great Britain and Ireland Archived Juliu 22, 2007 at the Wayback Machine, by Henry John Elwes & Augustine Henry, 1906-1913
* Botanik-Datenbank (ger.)
* Plant Directory Archived Abril 27, 2009 at the Wayback Machine (ger.)
* USDA plant database Archived Disyembri 2, 2010 at the Wayback Machine
* The linnean Society of London
* Native Plant Information Network

Template:Biology-footer
# Amanung Pranses

Ing **Amanung Pranses** (*français*; **French** king Ingles at **Francés** king Espanyol) metung yang pamyalitang Romanse.

## Ding suglung palual

* Académie française (Pransiya)
* Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique (Belgika)
* Office québécois de la langue française (Quebec)
* Gramátika at Ortografía
* Diksionariung Terminolohiku Archived Pebreru 15, 2003 at the Wayback Machine
* Kapitalisasion Da ring Títulu king Franses

 *Ing artíkulung ini metung yang súlî. Makasáup ka king Wikipedia kapamílatan ning pámandagdag kaniti.*