# Filipinas

Ing **Republica ning Filipinas** o **Filipinas** a yawsan da muring Perlas ning Dayat Aslagan, metung yang timawang magsariling bansa ning mawli-aslagang Asia (southeast Asia). Maki distansya yang 1,210 km (750 mi) manibat king mainland Asia at atin yang 7,107 a islang kayabe king Malay Archipelago.

| Republika ning Filipinas |
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| **Motto:**Maka-Diyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa (Tagalug : For the Love of God, People, Nature, and Country) |
| **Pambangsang Dalit:Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land)* |
| Location of Filipinas   |
| **Tungku (Sentru/Sidduan)** | Menila ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Pekamaragul a lakanbalen | Quezon Lakanbalen |
| Kikilalanan a amanu | Filipino (Tagalog),
English |
| Gubiernu | Republika |
| Pangatimawa |
| Lualas |
|  -  | Kaganapan/Kabilugan | 300,000 km2 (pang71) 115,831 sq mi  |
|  -  | Danuman (%) | 0.6% |
| Populasiun |
|  -  | Juliu 2005 mga | 87,857,473 (pang12) |
|  -  | 2000 census | 76,498,735  |
|  -  | Pangasiksik | 276/km2 (pang27) 714.8/sq mi |
| **GDP** (PPP) | 2005 mga |
|  -  | Kaganapan/Kabilugan | $409,445 million (25th) |
|  -  | Balang katau | $4,770 (pang107) |
| Pera | Philippine peso (*pesus*) (`PHP`)  |
| Time zone | UTC +8 (UTC+8) |
| Internet TLD | .ph |
| Calling code | 63 |
| 1 Agpang king Konstitusyong 1987, amanu yang opisyal ing Filipino o Tagalug ampo ing Ingles.
Kadwa lang amanung opisyal kareng sarili rang rehiyon deng amanung rehiyonal.
Deng Castila ampong Arabo e ro kikilalanang opisyal pero gagamitan da la king paralang "boluntaryu at opsyonal." |

Kilub ning 256 a banwa, metung yang kolonya ning España
(1565-1821) ing Filipinas, at pitung pulung banwa kaybat na nita, mituring yang lalawigan ning España (1821-1898). Kaybat ning Spanish-American War ketang 1898, mesakup ya kareng Americanu ing Filipinas. Megi yang United States unincorporated territory anting metung a commonwealth o mancomunidad manibat anyang 1935. Migwakas ya ing panau'ning Commonwealth uling king World War II o Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan, nung kapilan sinakup de reng Japon ing Filipinas. Akamtan ne murin ning Filipinas ing kayang katimawan a de facto kanitang Julio 4, 1946. Maragul ing impluwensya ning panaun a sinakup deng dayuan ing bansa lalu na ketang kayang kultura ampong sosyedad. Makikilala ya ing bansa king impluwensya ning Iglesia Catolica ampo ing kayang masikan a pamana ibat kareng bansa ning albugan. Metung ya kareng adwang bansa king Asia nung nukarin Catolicu la keraklan deng memalen; ing East Timor itang metung.

Ing Filipinas ing manimunang bansa king Asia king panyulung kaybat ning Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan, oneng mitawli ya uling king mabagal yang masensu ing kayang ekonomya, pamangumpiska na ning gubyernu king pibandyan, laganap a korupsyon, ampong impluwensiyang neo-kolonyal. King kasalukuyan, kasantingan (moderate) ing pamanasensu ning ekonomiya, uling kareng paparla da reng dakal a Pilipinung makakalat king mabilug a yatu ampo ing daragul a industriya king information technology.

Atin yang mangaragul a prublema ing bansa, kayabe ne ing pangimut ba lang mikawani reng Muslim king Mindanao, ing rebelyong kumunista ning New People's Army king kabundukan, detang e parapareung patakaran ning kapamahalan, darakal a krimen, ampong polusyon king kadayatan ampo king dalampasigan. Mágkasákit ya murin ing bansa uling king sobrang dagul a populasyon, lalu na kareng syudad uling king kakulangan king obra. Pálak na kátas niti kesa ketang kaylangan bang miyalilan (replacement rate), at anggang bayu-bayu pamu ini ing metung kareng pekamatas king Asia.

## Amlat o Kasalesayan

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### Prehistory

Mayayakit kareng mediskubring fossil da reng tau a libu-libu nang banwang ating manuknangan king Filipinas. Linipat lang teteng gabun o yelu (land or ice bridges) detang kayang minunang tau, a mayayaus Ayta, a menuknangan kareng mangakapal a kagubatan o kakewan da reng isla. Kalabas ning panaun, dinatang no man detang dayung magsalitang amanung Austronesian manibat king mawling China (southern China), kapamilata'ning Taiwan.

### Pamakitalamitam king Asia, detang kayaryan a Buddhist

Minuna lang dinatang deng negosyanting ibat China kanitang ka-walung siglu. Uling king pamanalto da reng mangasikan a kayaryang Buddhist, mika kalakal king kapulwang Indonesian, king India, Japon at Mauling Aslagang Asia o Southeast Asia. Uling king pamipate-pate da reng paksyon karetang kayaryan ning Mawli-aslagang Asia, meyna la reti, at
mas masaguling mika impluwensya ibat king kilwal.

Samantala, ing pamikalat ning Islam kapamilata'ning kalakal ampong pamag-kumberti, migdala yang negosyanti ampong misyoneru king rehiyon, antimurin king pamikalat ning Cristianismo. Minuna lang miras king Mindanao deng Arabu kanitang ka-labing apat a siglu. Anyang miratang la reng minunang tau ibat king Europa, a penimunan nang Ferdinand Magellan kanitang 1521, ating raja angga king Menila a malwat nang mamayad bwis kareng kayaryan king Mawli-aslagang Asia, partikular ing Imperyung Shri Vishayan. Nanupata, anti la mong magsarili at mabibye libri (timawa) deng isla ning kapulwan.

### Pamanyakup da reng Castila

Bindyan de at sinakup deng tau Espania ing kapulwan kanitang 1565, king lalam ning conquistador a ibat España, i Miguel López de Legaspi, a miglayag ibat king New Spain (a ngeni Mexico) at miratang at menuknangan king Cebu. Inaus nong *Las Islas Filipinas* Ruy López de Villalobos deng isla ning Samar ampong Leyte a pekilagyu na kang Aring Felipe ning España ketang kayang expedition a e migtagumpe kanitang 1543. Meyaus ya king dakal a lagyu ing kapulwan, kayabe ne ing Bayung Castilla (Nueva Castilla), Isla ning Albugan (Islas del Poniente), the Manilas, deng Isla nang San Lazaro (Islas de San Lázaro), at aliwa pa. Bandang tawli, Filipinas ing inaus da king mabilug a kapulwan.

Linakad la king balang isla reng paring Agustino ampong Franciscano kayabe da reng sundalung Castila nung nu la mitalakad kuta, menintun gintu, ampong spices at migdala king Cristianismo.

### Deng amun king pamanibala ning España

E Filipinu ing paglalawe da king karelang sarili deng memalen kanitang panaun a kolonya ya pa ing Filipinas. Ing aus da karela, "Indio," o ing lagyu ning karelang lahi o grupung etnolingwistiku. Maigpit lang magpalakad deng Castila, at ini ing meging sangkan da reng pamanalsang mányad pamipante-panteng paglalawe.

Migumpisa la reng mabayat a amun king pamanyakup da reng Castila kanitang 1761, anyang miyabe ya ing España king Seven Years' War (1756-1763) at migdeklara yang gera king Great Britain. Ketang 1762, ikwa de reng pwersang kolonyal ning British East India Company ing Menila kaybat ning metung a masipit a pamilaban. Agpang king Treaty of Paris kanitang 1763 a migwakas king gera ning Britania laban king España ampong Francia, misubli ya king España ing Filipinas. Nanupata, mesikan la lub deng rebelding Filipinu ketang pangasambut da reng Castila kareng British, kayabe ne i Diego Silang, a mitabî kareng Castila king Vigan, metung a balen a atyu king bebe dagat.

Uling abala la king pamakilaban kareng British ampong rebeldi deng Castila kanitang Seven Years War, e ra apatuknang ing pamag-raid da reng Moru ning Mawli kareng komunidad a Cristianu king Visayas ampo king Luzon. Libu-libu la reng Cristianung dekap da at gewang alipan, at anggang miyari ya ing siglu maragul ya pa muring prublema ining pamag-raid da reng Moru.

Uling masakit ya lub king e panteng paglalawe da reng Castila ing komunidad da reng Chino, masikan ing suportang binye da reti kareng British, at minambag lang talapagobra ampong armadung lalaking linaban kang de Anda king Pampanga.

### Rizal, ing Pangimut a Propaganda, ampo ing Rebolusyon

Migumpisa yang mibuklat ing ekonomya ning kapulwan anyang kalabingsyam a siglu. Meragul ya impluwensya ing metung a middle class a ambisyosu ampong makabansa, nung nu la kayanib deng Filipinung megaral, Castilang mibait king Filipinas, mestisung Castila, ampo reng mestisung Chino a masikan talan king ekonomya, at uli na niti migwakas ing panaun ning lubusang pamibabo da reng Castila. Ginising no ning Pangimut a Propaganda (Propaganda) king kayalang hustisya (katalarwan) ning kapamahalang kolonyal ning Espania, at minyad lang katimawan (independensya). Dekap de at beril kanitang 1896 i José Rizal, ing pekakilalang propagandista, uling king subersyon. E miglwat, memakbung ing Rebolusyong Filipinu, a panimunan ning KKK (Kataastaasan at Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan) o Katipunan, metung a lihim a agumang rebolusyonaryung tinatag nang Andres Bonifacio at kaybat sindu nang Emilio Aguinaldo. Digsu ne mu migtagumpe ing rebolusyon laban kareng Castila anyang 1896.

Makasulat ya keng bersyong Ingles ing makatuki:

### Ing Kuneksyung Americanu

Ita muring banwang ita, milaban ya ing España ampo ing America king Spanish-American War, at kaybat na niti, binye ne ning Espanya ing Filipinas, Cuba, Guam at Puerto Rico king America kalibe ning adwang pulung milyung dolyar ketang Treaty of Paris. Uling migdeklara neng katimawan o independensya ing Filipinas kanita, migumpisa naman ing Philippine-War a opisyal a miyari kanitang 1901, dapot atin pa muring mapilang pamilaban anggang 1913. Megi yang teritoryu ning American a limitadu mu katimawan king kapamahalan anggang 1935, nung kapilan megi yang Commonwealth king lalam ning America. Kanitang panaun ning Commonwealth, migparla yang delegadung e magbotu king United States House of Representatives ing Filipinas, antimo ing District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, ampo ing United States Virgin Islands ngeni. Bandang tawli, mipagkalub king Filipinas ing katimawan, kaybat ning pamanyakup da reng Japon kanitang Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan. Kaybat na niti, mekaranas yang prublema kayari ning gera ing Filipinas; kagulwan kanitang panaun ning diktadurya nang Ferdinand Marcos, a tinabi ra kanitang 1986; at kaybat na nita, ing malwat nang pamag-rebeldi da reng kumunista ampo ing pamangawani da reng Muslim.

## Pulitika ampong ugnayang panglwal

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### Kapamahalang Pambansa

Keraklan, pekituki re ing kapamahalan ning Filipinas ketang sistemang Americano. Metung yang representative republic, nung nu ing Presidenti o Pamuntuk yang pamuntuk ning estadu ampo ning kapamahalan, ampong commander-in-chief ning pwersang armadu. Pipilinan ya ing pamuntuk king metung a eleksyon nung nukarin anam a banwa ing kayang terminu, at mamili yang gabineti.

Ing lehislatura ning Filipinas, ing Congreso, bibilugan de ring adwang kapulungan, ing Senado ampo ing Camara de Representantes o Mababang Kapulungan; pipilinan do reng kayanib da reng adwang kapulungan kapamilatan ning popular a botu. Adwa lang pulu't apat deng senador a maki terminung anam a banwa, kabang deng kayanib ning Camara de Representantes, e la sumobra king 250 (adwang dalan ampong limang pulu), a maki terminung atlung banwa.

Ing sanga nang pang-ukuman ning kapamahalan panibalan ne ning Corte Suprema o Kakataskatasan a Ukuman. Iti bibilugan ne ning Chief Justice ampong labing apat a Associate Justice.

### Ugnayang panglwal

Metung ya kareng mitátag king Misasanmetung a Bansa o United Nations ing Filipinas kanitang Octubri 24, 1945, nung nu ya aktibung kayanib. Metung ya ring kayanib a mitátag at manimuna king Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) o Kapisanan da reng Bansa ning Mawli-aslagang Asia. Aktibu ya king Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), ampo king Group of 24. Metung yang manimunang non-NATO ally ning America.

Atin yang e pamikasundu ing Filipinas king Taiwan, China, Vietnam at Malaysia tungkul karing Spratly Islands ampo king Scarborough Shoal a dakal a larû ampong natural gas, at saka king Malaysia tungkul king Sabah. Dininan neng upaya ning Sultan ning Sulu (a tinanggap king lugal a ita anting regalu kaybat neng sinopan ing Sultan ning Brunei a lumaban king metung a pamagalsa) a kímut ba yang mibalik itang teritoryu. Angga ngeni, tatanggap ya pa muring "upa" manibat king kapamahalan ning Malaysia ing pamilya ning Sultan ning Sulu.

*Lawan ya rin ing:* Foreign relations of the Philippines, Pamuntuk ning Filipinas, Constitution of the Philippines

## Labuad at lalawigan

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Ing Filipinas bibilugan de ring kapamahalang lokal (local government units o LGU), nung nu ing lalawigan ing manimunang unit. Kanitang 2002, pitu lang pulu't syam deng prubinsya ning bansa. Den namang prubinsya bibilugan da la reng lakanbalen ampong balen, a bibilugan da naman deng barangay. Ing barangay ing malating diling unit ning kapamahalan.

Makagrupu la kareng labimpitung labuad deng probinsya para king malagwang pamanibala. Atin lang tanggapan a panrehiyon deng keraklan kareng sanga ning kapamahalan ba ra lang pagsilbyan deng probinsyang kayanib kareti. Ala lang sariling kapamahalan den mismung rehiyon bukud mu king Muslim Mindanao a maki otonomiya.

Munta ka kareng artikulu tungkul kareng labuad ampong lalawigan ba kang manakit mas maragul a mapa nung nu la mayayakit deng labuad ampong lalawigan.

### Deng Labuad

* Labuad Ilocos (Labuad I)
* Saug Cagayan (Labuad II)
* Central Luzon(Kalibudtarang Luzon) (Labuad III)
* CALABARZON (Labuad IV-A) **¹² MIMAROPA (Labuad IV-B) **¹² Labuad Bicol (Labuad V)
* Albugan Visayas (Labuad VI)
* Kalibudtang Visayas (Labuad VII)
* Aslagan Visayas (Labuad VIII)
* Zamboanga Peninsula (Labuad IX)
* Northern Mindanao (Labuad X)
* Davao Region (Labuad XI)
* SOCCSKSARGEN (Labuad XII) **¹ Caraga (Labuad XIII)
* Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
* Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
* National Capital Region (NCR) (*Metro Manila*)

**¹** Maka-capitalize la reng lagyung deti uling acronym la o amanung pepakuyad, a pikudta ibat king lagyu dareng lalawigan o lakanbalen a kayabe kareti (lon ya ing Acronyms in the Philippines).

**²** Melalang la reng labuad a reti ibat king sadyang Labuad ning Mawling Katagalugan (Southern Tagalog), o Labuad IV.

*Lon ya murin ing*: Lalawigan ning Filipinas, Manimunang Dalan ning Filipinas

## Geografia

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Metung yang archipelago o kapulwan ing Filipinas a maki 7,107 a isla. Ing kayang land area o pangkabilugan a lapad ning kayang gabun 300,000, km² ya. Atyu king pilatan ning 116° 40' ampong 126° 34' E. longitude,
at 4° 40' ampong 21° 10' N. latitude. Painduruta'ne king aslagan ning Dayat Malat ning Filipinas, king albugan ning Dayat Malat ning Mauling Tsina, at king mawli ning Celebes Sea. Mayayakit ya ing Borneo mapilan a dalan a kilometru king mawli-albugan (southwest), at ing Taiwan ketang mismung kayang pangulu o norti. Ketang marayu nang mawli (south) mayakit ya ing Moluccas ampo ing Celebes, at king dane nang aslagan ning Dayat Malat ning Filipinas atyu ing Palau.

Keraklan, mapipitna la kareng atlung mangaragul a grupu deng pulu: Luzon (Labuad I anggang V + NCR & CAR), Visayas (VI anggang VIII), at Mindanao (IX to XIII + ARMM). Ing manimunang daungan ning Menila, king Luzon, ing kapitolyu ampo ing kadwang pekamaragul a
lakanbalen kaybat ning Quezon Lakanbalen.

Mapali, malisangan at tropikal ing kayang klima. Manga 26.5° Celsius ing average a temperatura king pabanwa.

Keraklan kareng Filipinu atlu la kikilalanan a panaun. Ing *kaleldo* manibat ya Marzo angga Mayo, kabang ing *kauran* manibat ya Junio angga Diciembre. Ing *panaun ning dimla* naman manibat Diciembre angga Febrero.

Ing "southwest monsoon" (Mayo anggang Octubri), mayayaus ya ring "abagat," kabang ing northeast monsoon (Noviembre anggang Abril) yapin ing "amian".

Keraklan kareng islang mabunduk sadya lang makatakap rainforest at bulkan ing karelang penibatan. Ing pekamatas a dake ning Filipinas yapin ing Mount Apo king Mindanao a maki kátas a 2,954 m. Dakal ing aktibu kareng bulkan king bansa, alimbawa ing Bulkang Pinatubo. Atyu king typhoon belt ning albugang Pacifico ing bansa, at lalabasan deng mga labingsyam a bagyu banwa-banwa.

Uling atyu king Pacific Ring of Fire ing Filipinas, marlas yang makadanas ayún ampong pamamakbung bulkan.

*Lawen ya rin*: Ecoregions of the Philippines

## Ekonomya

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Ing Pesus o Philippine Peso ing opisyal a cualta.
Kanitang 1998, meyna ya ing ekonomya ning Filipinas — a bibilugan ning agrikultura, mayan a industrya (light industry) at serbisyung pangsuporta (support services) — uling king epektu ning Asian financial crisis (krisis king pisalapyan king Asia) ampong e masanting a panaun (poor weather conditions). Mibagsak king 0.6% ing pamandagul ning ekonomya kanitang 1998 manibat 5% kanitang 1997, pero mitas ya king 3% kanitang 1999 at 4% anyang 2000. Mengaku ya ing gubyernung isundu na ing reporma ning ekonomya ba yang mitagal ing Filipinas king pamanasensu da reng newly industrialized countries o NIC (bayung mag-industriyalisang bansa) ning Aslagang Asia. Abita'na pababa ning mabayat a utang (77% ning GDP ing utang ning kapamahalan o public debt) ing pamagpursiging samasan ya ing kabilyan ning ekonomya. Mas matas pa ing dake ning budget a makasadya para king pamamayad utang kesa ketang piyabe rang dake ding Departamentu ning Edukasyon ampong militar.

Kayabe king planu ing pamipasanting ning inprastuktura, pamibayu king sistema ning bwis bang miragdagan ing panakitan ning kapamahalan, lalu pang deregulasyon ampong privatization ning ekonomya, ampo ing pamipasikan king pamibuklud-buklud ning kalakal king rehiyon. Magdependi yang maragul ing ing paintungulan (prospects for the future) king kabilyan ning ekonomya da reng kayang maragul diling ka-negosyu, ing America ampo ing Japon, pamanibalang mas maki kapakibatan, ampong tuntunan ning kapamahalan a e marlas manaliwa.

## Demographics

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"Filipino" ing pangkabilugan aus kareng memalen ning Filipinas. Kanitang mabilug a panaung kolonyal, deng Castilang mibait king Filipinas ing awsan dang "Filipinu". Anyang bandang tawli da no mu inabe deng eganaganang tau king Filipinas nanuman ing karelang lahi.

Kareng okasyun a e pormal, "Pinoy" ("Pinay" kareng bábai) ing aus da king sarili da deng Filipinu. Ibat ya ing katayang *Pinoy* kareng mumunang apat a letra ning *Pilipino* a tiglungan ning diminutive o pampalating ]] suffix *- y*. Ing ginawa kaniting kataya ila pin deng Filipinung dinayu king America kanitang dekadang 1920, at kaybat ginamit de reng Filipino king Filipinas. Metung ya muring palayo da reng Filipino ing *Flip*. Ini murin migumpisa ya kanitang dekada 1920. Lipat ning ala ne mang e masanting a kabaldugan kanita, bala da reng aliwang Filipinu matsura ya buring sabyan.

Agpang kareng estadistika ning kapamahalang Filipinu ampong datos ibat king sensus, keraklan (95.5%) da reng memalen, kayanib la kareng lahing magsalitang amanung Austronesian. Ing maragul diling lahing e-Austronesian ila pin deng Chino (1.5%), a maragul papil king negosyu manibat pa anyang kasyam a siglu anyang minuna lang dinatang king Filipinas para king kalakal. Deta namang miyayaliwang klasing mistisu, Filipino-Español, Filipino-Americano, o Filipino-Chino la man, ditak la mu, oneng maragul ing karelang papil king pulitika ampong ekonomya.

Karetang mitatagan a (1%), keraklan kareti bibilugan da reng komunidad a pangtribung Negrito manuknangan kareng mangarayung lugal king libutad da reng isla, ampo retang mas mangalating minoryang expatriate. Kayabe la keti reng Español at aliwang Europeo, Mexicano at aliwang Latin Americans, North American, Japon, Koreano, East Indian, (Tamil ampong Sindhi), Arabo ampong Vietnamese.

Karetang (95.5%) a kayabe kareng dakal a grupong etnolingwistiko ning bansa, keraklan kareti kayanib la kareng magsalitang labing adwang amanu. Deng maragul dili kareti ila ring Tagalog, Bikolano, Waray-Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Kinaray-a, Maranao, Maguindanao, ampong Tausug.

Metung ya kareng bansang dakal dili myayaliwang lahi king Asia ing Filipinas. Kareting milabasan a banwa, manigobra ya ing kapamahalan bang miragdagan ing pamilupa-lupa da reti king kultura. Agyang ing Filipino ing gewa rang opisyal a amanu ning bansa, halus kaparehu ne pa murin ning Tagalug, at (24%) na mu ning populasyon ing maki tubung amanu kaniti.

King dinalán a banwa manibat anyang 1903 Census of the Philippines, meragul yang labing metung a besis ing populasyon ning bansa. Metung yang maragul a prublema ing sobrang populasyon, a misnang katas kesa king replacement rate o itang kaylangan ba yang miyalilan. E mikasundu ing kapamahalan ampo ing Iglesia Catolica kareng miyayaliwang paralan ning pamag-kontrol king populasyon - artipisyal a paralan (contraceptives, sterilization, atlwp.) laban kareng natural (abstinence at spacing).

## Deng Amanu

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Maygit lang dinalan pitumpulu deng amanung magagamit king Filipinas, at halus eganagana kareti kayabe la kareng Western Malayo-Polynesian languages. Deng amanung opisyal ila ring
Filipino (a makabasi king Tagalog) ampo ing American English.

Deng aliwang amanung tubung mangaragul ilapin deti:
Cebuano, Ilocano, Waray-Waray, Ilonggu, Bikol, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Kinaray-a, Maranao, Maguinadanao, Tausug, ampong Chabacano.

Deng amanung dayu ila pin deng Castila kareng Español ampong komunidad a Español-Filipino, Chino (Min Nan (Hokkien), Cantonese, ampong Mandarin) kareng komunidad a Chino ampong Chino-Filipino, ampong
Malay, Arabic, at Hindi kareng Muslim ampong Hindu.

*Lon ya rin ing:* Spanish in the Philippines

## Kalinangan o Kultura

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Antimo ing kayang amlat (kasalesayan o history), misasamut ing tradisyon ning aslagan ampong albugan king kultura ning Filipinas. Makabasi ya iti king kultura da reng myayaliwang lahi, nung nu dakal a misamut a impluwensiyang dayuan: ibat king China, Islam ampong Hinduism angga king España, Mexico at Pangulung America (North America).

Uli ning kayang makaba at komplikadung amlat, maragul ing utang ning Filipinas kareng kaugalyan at tradisyong ibat España. Minaliwa murin ing impluwensiyang kultural at katangian da reng keraklan a tau ngening milabasan a dinalan a banwa uling king pamakitalamitam kareng aliwang kultura, kayabe ne ing America ampo reng kasiping a bansa king Asia. Ngening milabasan a mapilan a banwa, minaliwa la pamanisip ampong kaugalyan deng keraklan kareng Filipinung kareng syudad uling king pop culture ibat king America, Japon, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore ampong China.

Manatili la pa murin karing Filipinu kareng kabundukan Negrito, detang manuknangan kareng bunduk ning Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao ampong aliwang mangarayung kagubatan ancient ing kapaniwalan da reng karelang pipumpunan (ancestors) at kakawani da ing karelang sarili king makabáyung sosyedad. Aliwa ing kultura da kareng aliwang Filipinu. King paglalawe da reng aliwa, ing karelang pamibyebye ing tuneng tubung kultura ning kapulwang Filipinu.

Karas king nasyonalismu, pulitika, at kapamahalan, mas malapit ing karakter ning Filipinas king Latin America kesa kareng kasiping nang bansa king Asia. E la kumulang deng tangkang coup d'état o pamanyamsam gubyernu ketang milabasan a adwang apulung banwa, at adwa la reng migtagumpe. Maragul ing papil ning Iglesia Catolica king pisamban ampo king kapamahalan.

Basan la rin deti:

* Hispanic culture in the Philippines
* Religion in the Philippines
* Filipino cuisine
* List of Filipinos

## Panyulat o Literatura

Dela da reng Castila ibat king España kanitang 1565 ing karelang amanu ampong cultura. Mitatag lang sistema da reng myayaliwang uri king sosyedad (class system) a makabasi king lahi, at e miglwat, pepairal de ing relihyung Catolicu kareng memalen a tubung Austronesian. Linakad la kareng myayaliwang isla deng misyonerung Agustinu ampong Franciscanu, kayabe da ring sundalung Castila, a darlan da ing Cristianismu. Meging lalung malagwa ing karelang misyun uling sapilitan dong inalis deng tau, at itang organisadung dayung relihyun ing meging bayu nang sentru ning karelang bye. Magsermun la kareng amanung balen deng pari, at pepagobra lang talapanlíkas (translator) manibat kareng memalen, ating lintong uring bilingual (adwa amanu) a awsan dang ladino. E ro tuturung Castila deng keraklan kareng tubung memalen, a inaus dang 'indios,' pero detang taung bilingual, alimbawa itang poeta at talapanlikas a i Gaspar Aquino de Belen, mekagawa lang poesyang pangrelihyun (devotional poetry) king Tagalug a makasulat king sulat a Romanu. Kukwentu ne ning pasyun, a inumpisan nang Gaspar Aquino de Belen, ing pamagkasakit, pangamate at pamisubli nang mebyeng Jesucristo. Ating myayaliwang bersyon na niti, kayabe no reng mapilan king Kapampangan. Anyang kai, linto la reng kuriru (corrido), detang popular a dalit king bersu tungkul king panga-kabalyeru (chivalry). Deti ilang meging modelu para king literatura o panyulat a sekular. Deta namang makabersung kwentu, o kumidya, papalage ra la kareng amanung panrehiyon para kareng keraklan a e byasang mamasa. Makasulat la rin king alpabetung Romanu kareng manimunang amanu ning bansa, at marayu la darasan.

Bukud king mismung literatura (José Rizal, Pedro Paterno), makasulat la king Castila deng dokumentung pangkasalesayan (dalit pambansa, Constitución Política de Malolos), oneng e ne magagamit a amanung opisyal iti. Angga kanitang 1946], gagamit la pang Castila deng talasulat a Filipinu. Metung yang arkitektu, pintor, talaturu, ekonomista, ethnologist,
Syentipikung ortelanu, historian, inventor, peryodista, linguist, musician, mythologist, nasyonalista, naturalist, nobelista, siruhanu king mata, poeta, propagandista, eskultor and sociologist. Itang minunang Presidenti ning United Nations General Assembly metung yang Filipinu - i Carlos Peña Romulo. Ing metung kareng mapya king boksing (boxing greats), i Flash Elorde, Filipinu ya naman. Ngening milabasan a mapilang banwa, miragdagan la reng manimunang bayani king pasiknangan (sports) kayabe no ri Paeng Nepomuceno a mekata-lima meging kampeon ning World Cup, i Manny Pacquiao a sinikat king boksing, ampo i Efren "Bata" Reyes a dakal nang besis migkampeo king bilyar.

Dakal ya pambansang bayani ing Filipinas. I Lapu-Lapu ning isla ning Mactan, a mekamate kang Ferdinand Magellan, ing tuturing dang minunang mitabî kareng dayuang ibat king albugan. I José Rizal , a mibait king balen ning Calamba, Laguna kanitang Junio 19, 1861, ing aswan dang "Pride of the Malay Race" ampong "Philippine National Hero". Mebyasa yang adwampulu't adwang amanu: Catalan, Chino, Ingles, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Japon, Latin, Malay, Sanskrit, Castila, Tagalug, at aliwang
amanung tubu (native languages).

## Deng Landmark

Pagmaragul ning Boracay (Aklan, Filipinas) ing kayang maputing bebe dagat ampong asul a kadayatan. Ing pekamasanting a dake na niti yapin itang metung a kilometrung maputing bebe dagat a yawsan dang "finest beach in the world." Mababo itang danum a makapaligid at mas mapinu at mas maputi ing balas kesa king keraklan kareng beach king kapulwan.
Kayabe la kareng cultural at historic landmarks ning Filipinas ding Intramuros (ing matwang syudad a muralya (walled city) ning Menila, a mesira kanitang Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan at mitikdong pasibayu kaybat ning gera), Fort Santiago, Fort San Pedro, Magellan's Cross (deng pisamban a Baroque Churches ning Filipinas), balen ning Las Piñas (nung nu ya atyu ing maragul diling bamboo organ king yatu) ampo reng makasalesayang balen ning Vigan, Cavite, Colon and Baleria. Deng aliwa pang World Heritage Site ila ring Banaue Rice Terraces, Tubbataha Reef, at Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park. Deng Isla ning Boracay, Chocolate Hills, El Nido, Hundred Islands National Park, , Mayon Volcano, Maria Christina Falls, Mount Apo, Puerto Galera, , Pagsanjan Falls, San Juanico Bridge, Taal Volcano ampong Huluga Caves ing aliwa pa kareng lugal a marlas dang pupuntalan deng turista. Maragul murin ing kabaldugan da king amlat ning Bataan ampo ing Corregidor, detang tawli dang balwarti deng sundalung Americanu king Asia. Kilala ya ing Bataan ketang mitmung kasakitan (infamous) a Death March.

## Suglung (link) a palwal

### Gobierno

* www.gov.ph Archived Eneru 1, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
* www.op.gov.ph Archived Juniu 9, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* www.senate.gov.ph
* www.congress.gov.ph
* www.supremecourt.gov.ph Archived Mayu 12, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
* www.comelec.gov.ph
* www.dfa.gov.ph Archived Disyembri 5, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
* www.wowphilippines.com.ph
* www.afp.mil.ph

### Media

* Philippine Daily Inquirer at GMA News
* ABS-CBN News
* Philippine Star
* The Manila Bulletin Online
* The Manila Times Online
* Sun Star Network Online
* The Daily Tribune Online
* Malaya Online
* Today Online
* Kabayan Online

### Deng Miscelaneo

* CIA World Factbook - *Philippines* Archived Mayu 28, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
* Tanikalang Ginto Archived Pebreru 1, 2022 at the Wayback Machine -
* LookSmart - *Republic of the Philippines*
* Open Directory Project - *Philippines* Archived Agostu 19, 2004 at the Wayback Machine
* Yahoo! - *Philippines* Archived Juliu 19, 2005 at the Wayback Machine
* Yahoo! News Full Coverage - *Philippines*
* WebQuartet.com Archived Agostu 22, 2007 at the Wayback Machine - Philippine Search Engine and Directory
* Yehey.com Archived Eneru 15, 2005 at the Wayback Machine -
* Philippines Travel Guide
* ManilaMail
* Philippine Directory Archived Pebreru 25, 2021 at the Wayback Machine
* Philippines Hotel & Resort Archived Disyembri 18, 2014 at the Wayback Machine

| Bangsa king Mauling Aslagang Asia |
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| Brunei | Cambodia | East Timor | Indonesia | Laos | Malaysia | Myanmar | Filipinas | Singapore | Thailand | Vietnam |

|  |
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| **Bangsa king Asia** |
| **Sovereign states**: Afghanistan | Armenia1 | Azerbaijan1 | Bahrain | Bangladesh | Bhutan | Brunei | Cambodia | Maldang Republika ning Tsina | Cyprus1 | East Timor | Egypt | Filipinas |Georgia1 | India | Indonesia | Iran | Iraq | Israel | Japan | Jordan | Kazakhstan1 | Kuwait | Kyrgyzstan | Laos | Lebanon | Malaysia | Maldives | Mongolia | Myanmar | Nepal | North Korea | Oman | Pakistan | Qatar | Russia1 | Saudi Arabia | Singapore | South Korea | Sri Lanka | Syria | Republika ning Tsina2 | Tajikistan | Thailand | Turkey1 | Turkmenistan | United Arab Emirates | Uzbekistan | Vietnam | Yemen |
|

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| 1. Keraklan kabilang la king Asia geographically, dapot nanupata keraklan isipan da lang European para keng kalinangan at makasalesalayan a sangkan.
 2. Lawen ye ing kabilyan pampolitika ning Taiwan |

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| **Special territories**: Palestinian Territories (Gaza Strip, West Bank; Sakup no ning Israel, Palestinian Authority ilang manungkulan) |
| **Special entities**: Hong Kong | Macau (special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China) |