# ਲੇਜ਼ਰ

ਲੇਜ਼ਰ
ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਹਵਾਈ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦਾ ਲੇਜ਼ਰ ਨਾਲ਼ ਤਜਰਬਾ
**ਲੇਜ਼ਰ** ਇੱਕ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਜੰਤਰ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਬਿਜਲ-ਚੁੰਬਕੀ ਕਿਰਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਉਕਸਾਏ ਹੋਏ ਨਿਕਾਲ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਬੁਨਿਆਦ ਉੱਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ੀ ਫੈਲਾਅ ਦੇ ਅਮਲ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਛੱਡਦੀ ਹੈ। "ਲੇਜ਼ਰ" ਇਸਤਲਾਹ "**ਲਾਈਟ ਐਂਪਲੀਫ਼ਿਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਾਇ ਸਟਿਮੂਲੇਟਿਡ ਇਮਿਸ਼ਨ ਆਫ਼ ਰੇਡੀਏਸ਼ਨ**" (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜੋੜ ਕੇ ਬਣੀ ਸੀ।

## ਹਵਾਲੇ

## ਅਗਾਂਹ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ

**ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ Bertolotti, Mario (1999, trans. 2004). *The History of the Laser*, Institute of Physics. ISBN 0-7503-0911-3
* Bromberg, Joan Lisa (1991). *The Laser in America, 1950–1970*, MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-02318-4
* Csele, Mark (2004). *Fundamentals of Light Sources and Lasers*, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-47660-9
* Koechner, Walter (1992). *Solid-State Laser Engineering*, 3rd ed., Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-53756-2
* Siegman, Anthony E. (1986). *Lasers*, University Science Books. ISBN 0-935702-11-3
* Silfvast, William T. (1996). *Laser Fundamentals*, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55617-1
* Svelto, Orazio (1998). *Principles of Lasers*, 4th ed. (trans. David Hanna), Springer. ISBN 0-306-45748-2
* Taylor, Nick (2000). *LASER: The inventor, the Nobel laureate, and the thirty-year patent war*. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-83515-0.
* Wilson, J. & Hawkes, J.F.B. (1987). *Lasers: Principles and Applications*, Prentice Hall International Series in Optoelectronics, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-523697-5
* Yariv, Amnon (1989). *Quantum Electronics*, 3rd ed., Wiley. ISBN 0-471-60997-8

**ਰਸਾਲੇ *Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics* (ISSN 0946-2171)
* *IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology* (ISSN 0733-8724)
* *IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics* (ISSN 0018-9197)
* *IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics* (ISSN 1077-260X)
* *IEEE Photonics Technology Letters* (ISSN 1041-1135)
* *Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics* (ISSN 0740-3224)
* *Laser Focus World* (ISSN 0740-2511)
* *Optics Letters* (ISSN 0146-9592)
* *Photonics Spectra* (ISSN 0731-1230)

## ਬਾਹਰਲੇ ਜੋੜ

* ਲੇਜ਼ਰ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਟੈਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼ ਡਾ: ਰੂਡੀਗਰ ਪਸ਼ੌਟਾ ਵੱਲੋਂ
* A Practical Guide to Lasers for Experimenters and Hobbyists by Samuel M. Goldwasser
* Homebuilt Lasers Page Archived 2009-06-01 at the Wayback Machine. by Professor Mark Csele
* Powerful laser is 'brightest light in the universe' – The world's most powerful laser as of 2008 might create supernova-like shock waves and possibly even antimatter (*New Scientist*, April 9, 2008)
* "Laser Fundamentals Archived 2015-04-13 at the Wayback Machine." an online course by Prof. F. Balembois and Dr. S. Forget. *Instrumentation for Optics*, 2008, (accessed January 17, 2014)
* Northrop Grumman's Press Release on the Firestrike 15kw tactical laser product. Archived 2015-07-20 at the Wayback Machine.
* Website on Lasers 50th anniversary by APS, OSA, SPIE Archived 2022-02-25 at the Wayback Machine.
* Advancing the Laser anniversary site by SPIE: Video interviews, open-access articles, posters, DVDs Archived 2021-04-23 at the Wayback Machine.
* Bright Idea: The First Lasers Archived 2012-10-03 at the Wayback Machine.
* Free software for Simulation of random laser dynamics
* Video Demonstrations in Lasers and Optics Produced by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Real-time effects are demonstrated in a way that would be difficult to see in a classroom setting.
* Virtual Museum of Laser History, from the touring exhibit by SPIE
* website with animations, applications and research about laser and other quantum based phenomena Universite Paris Sud