# ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ

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| ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ |
| --- |
| **92U** |
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| Nd ↑ **U** ↓ (Uqq) |

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ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ |

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|  | ਪ੍ਰੋਟੈਕਟੀਨੀਅਮ ← **ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ** → ਨੈਪਟੂਨੀਅਮ |

 |
| ਦਿੱਖ |
| ਚਾਂਦੀ ਰੰਗਾ ਸਲੇਟੀ ਧਾਤ; ਹਵਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਾਲੇ ਆਕਸਾਈਡ ਦੀ ਪਰਤ ਜੰਮ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।  |
| ਆਮ ਲੱਛਣ |
| ਨਾਂ, ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ, ਅੰਕ | ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ, U, 92 |
| ਉਚਾਰਨ | /jʊˈreɪniəm/ *ew-**RAY**-nee-əm* |
| ਧਾਤ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ | ਐਕਟੀਨਾਈਡ |
| ਸਮੂਹ, ਪੀਰੀਅਡ, ਬਲਾਕ | [[group element|]], ੭, f |
| ਮਿਆਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣੂ ਭਾਰ | 238.02891(3) |
| ਬਿਜਲਾਣੂ ਬਣਤਰ | [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
 |
| History |
| ਖੋਜ | ਮਾਰਟਿਨ ਹਾਈਨਰਿਚ ਕਲਾਪਰੋਥ   (੧੭੮੯)  |
| First isolation | ਅਯ਼ੈਨ-ਮੈਲਸ਼ੀਓ ਪੇਲੀਗੋ   (1841)  |
| ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਲੱਛਣ |
| ਅਵਸਥਾ | solid |
| ਘਣਤਾ (near r.t.) | 19.1 ਗ੍ਰਾਮ·ਸਮ−3 |
| ਪਿ.ਦ. 'ਤੇ ਤਰਲ ਦਾ ਸੰਘਣਾਪਣ | 17.3 ਗ੍ਰਾਮ·ਸਮ−3 |
| [[ਉਬਾਲ ਦਰਜਾ|ਉਃ ਦਃ] 'ਤੇ ਤਰਲ ਦਾ ਸੰਘਣਾਪਣ | {{{density gpcm3bp}}} ਗ੍ਰਾਮ·ਸਮ−3 |
| ਪਿਘਲਣ ਦਰਜਾ | 1405.3 K, 1132.2 °C, 2070 °F |
| ਉਬਾਲ ਦਰਜਾ | 4404 K, 4131 °C, 7468 °F |
| ਇਕਰੂਪਤਾ ਦੀ ਤਪਸ਼ | 9.14 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of  | 417.1 kJ·mol−1 |
| Molar heat capacity | 27.665 J·mol−1·K−1 |
|  pressure |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| at T (K) | 2325 | 2564 | 2859 | 3234 | 3727 | 4402 |

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| ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣੂ ਲੱਛਣ |
| ਆਕਸੀਕਰਨ ਅਵਸਥਾਵਾਂ | **6**, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਖ਼ਾਰਾ ਆਕਸਾਈਡ) |
| ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰੋਨੈਗੇਟਿਵਟੀ | 1.38 (ਪੋਲਿੰਗ ਸਕੇਲ) |
|  energies | 1st: {{{ਪਹਿਲੀ ਆਇਓਨਾਈਜ਼ੇਸ਼ਨ ਊਰਜਾ}}} kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: {{{ਦੂਜੀ ਆਇਓਨਾਈਜ਼ੇਸ਼ਨ ਊਰਜਾ}}} kJ·mol−1 |
| ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ | 156 pm |
| ਸਹਿ-ਸੰਯੋਜਕ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ | 196±7 pm |
| ਵਾਨ ਦਰ ਵਾਲਸ ਅਰਧ-ਵਿਆਸ | 186 pm |
| ਨਿੱਕ-ਸੁੱਕ |
| ਬਲੌਰੀ ਬਣਤਰ | ਨਿਯਮਤ-ਸਮਚਤਰਭੁਜੀ
 |
| Magnetic ordering | ਸਮਚੁੰਬਕੀ |
| ਬਿਜਲਈ ਰੁਕਾਵਟ | (੦ °C) 0.280 µΩ·m |
| ਤਾਪ ਚਾਲਕਤਾ | 27.5 W·m−੧·K−੧ |
| ਤਾਪ ਫੈਲਾਅ | (25 °C) 13.9 µm·m−1·K−1 |
| ਅਵਾਜ਼ ਦੀ ਗਤੀ (ਪਤਲਾ ਡੰਡਾ) | (20 °C) 3155 m·s−੧ |
| ਯੰਗ ਗੁਣਾਂਕ | 208 GPa |
| ਕਟਾਅ ਗੁਣਾਂਕ | 111 GPa |
| ਖੇਪ ਗੁਣਾਂਕ | 100 GPa |
| ਪੋਆਸੋਂ ਅਨੁਪਾਤ | 0.23 |
| CAS ਇੰਦਰਾਜ ਸੰਖਿਆ | 7440-61-1 |
| ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਸਥਿਰ ਆਈਸੋਟੋਪ |
| Main article: ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ ਦੇ ਆਇਸੋਟੋਪ |
|

| iso | NA | ਅਰਥ ਆਯੂ ਸਾਲ | DM | DE (MeV) | DP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 232U | trace | 68.9 y | SF | - | — |
| α | 5.414 | 228Th |
| 233U | trace | 1.592×105 y | SF | 197.93 | — |
| α | 4.909 | 229Th |
| 234U | 0.005% | 2.455×105 y | SF | 197.78 | — |
| α | 4.859 | 230Th |
| 235U | 0.720% | 7.04×108 y | SF | 202.48 | — |
| α | 4.679 | 231Th |
| 236U | trace | 2.342×107 y | SF | 201.82 | — |
| α | 4.572 | 232Th
ਫਰਮਾ:Elementbox isotopes decay3 |

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| * v
* t
* e
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**ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ** ਕਾਲਕ ਸਾਰਨੀ ਦੀ ਐਕਟੀਨਾਈਡ ਲੜੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਚਾਂਦੀ-ਚਿੱਟ ਰੰਗਾ ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਤੱਤ ਹੈ ਜਿਹਦਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ **U** ਅਤੇ ਐਟਮੀ ਸੰਖਿਆ 92 ਹੈ। ਇੱਕ ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ ਐਟਮ ਵਿੱਚ 92 ਪ੍ਰੋਟੋਨ ਅਤੇ 92 ਬਿਜਲਾਣੂ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ 6 ਸੰਯੋਜਕਤਾ ਬਿਜਲਾਣੂ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਤੱਤ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਵਿਕਿਰਨਕ (ਰੇਡੀਓਐਕਟਿਵ) ਹੈ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਇਹਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਆਈਸੋਟੋਪ ਅਸਥਾਈ ਹਹ। ਇਹਦੇ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਆਮ ਆਈਸੋਟੋਪ ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ-238 (ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ 146 ਨਿਊਟਰਾਨ ਹਨ) ਅਤੇ ਯੂਰੇਨੀਅਮ-235 (143 ਨਿਊਟਰਾਨਾਂ ਵਾਲਾ) ਹਨ।

## ਹਵਾਲੇ