# ବୋରନ

Boron,  5B|  |
| ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ |
| ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ | boron, B |
| Appearance | black-brown |
| ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ | /ˈbɔːrɒn/  |
| Boron in the periodic table |
|

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 | - ↑ **B** ↓ Al |
| beryllium ← **boron** → carbon |

 |

 |
| ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (*Z*) | 5 |
| ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ | group 13, p-block  |
| ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ | period 2  |
| ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର |   metalloid |
| ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (*A*r) | 10.81(1)  |
| ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ | [He] 2s2 2p1  |
| per shell | 2, 3 |
| ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ |
| ଅବସ୍ଥା | solid |
| ଗଳନାଙ୍କ | 2349 K ​(2076 °C, ​3769 °F)  |
| ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ | 4200 K ​(3927 °C, ​7101 °F)  |
| Density when liquid, at m.p. | 2.08 g/cm3  |
| Heat of fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol  |
| Heat of  | 480 kJ/mol  |
| Molar heat capacity | 11.087 J/(mol·K)  |
| **pressure**

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| at T (K) | 2348 | 2562 | 2822 | 3141 | 3545 | 4072 |

 |
| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states | **3**, 2, 1 ​mildly acidic oxide |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.04  |
|  energies |  (more) |
| Atomic radius | empirical: 90 pm  |
| Covalent radius | 84±3 pm  |
| Van der Waals radius | 192 pm  |
| Miscellanea |
| Crystal structure |  ​rhombohedral |
| Speed of sound  thin rod | 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)  |
| Thermal expansion | (β form) 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)  |
| Thermal conductivity | 27.4 W/(m·K)  |
| Electrical resistivity | ~106  Ω·m (at 20 °C)  |
| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic  |
| Mohs hardness | ~9.5  |
| CAS Number | 7440-42-8  |
| ଇତିହାସ |
| ଆବିଷ୍କାର | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard (30 June 1808) |
| First isolation | Humphry Davy (9 July 1808) |
| Most stable isotopes of boron |
|

| iso | NA | half-life | DM | DE (MeV) | DP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10B | 19.9(7)%\* | 10B is stable with 5 neutrons |
| 11B | 80.1(7)%\* | 11B is stable with 6 neutrons |

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| * Boron-10 content may be as low as 19.1% and as high as 20.3% in natural samples. Boron-11 is the remainder in such cases.
 |
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## ଇତିହାସ ଓ ନାମକରଣ

* ଆବିଷ୍କାର- ସାର ହମ୍ପ୍ରେ ଡେଭି, ଜୋସେଫ ଲୁଇସ୍‌ ଗେ ଲୁକାସ,ଲୁଇସ୍‌ ଜାକସ୍‌ ଥେନାର୍ଡ୍‌

* କେବେ-୧୮୨୮

* କେଉଂଠି- ଇଁଲଣ୍ଡ/ଫ୍ରାନସ୍‌

* ଉତ୍ପତି- ବୋରାକ୍ସ ଓ କାର୍ବନରୁ

## ଧର୍ମ

### ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

10B [5 neutrons]
Abundance: 19.9%
Stable with 5 neutron
11B [6 neutrons]
Abundance: 80.1%
Stable with 6 neutron

### ରାସାୟନିକ ଯୌଗିକ

* ବୋରାକ୍ସ Na2B4O7 - 10H2O ,

* ବୋରିକ ଏସିଡ୍‌ H3BO3 ,

* ସୋଡିୟମ୍ ବୋରୋହାଇଡ୍ରାଈଡ୍‌ NaBH4 ,

* ରେନିୟମ ଡାଇବୋରାଇଡ୍‌ ReB2 ,

* ସୋଡିୟମ ପର୍‌ବୋରେଟ୍‌ NaBO3 ,

Reactions with air
At higher temperatures, boron does burn in air to form boron(III) oxide, B2O3.

```
 4B + 3O2(g)2B2O3(s)
```

Reactions with halogens
Boron reacts vigorously with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine to form boron(III) trihalides.

```
 2B(s) + 3F2(g)2BF3(g)
 2B(s) + 3Cl2(g)2BCl3(g)
 2B(s) + 3Br2(g)2BBr3(g)
```

Reactions with acids
Crystalline boron does not react with boiling hydrochloric acid (HCl) or boiling hydrofluoric acid (HF). Powdered boron oxidizes slowly when treated with concentrated nitric acid, HNO3.

## ଅବସ୍ଥିତି

```
କେର୍ନାଇଟ୍ ନାମକ ଓରରୁ ଉତ୍ପତି (Na2B4O7.10H2O).
```

ଆକଳନ କରାଯାଇଛି ଯେ ପୃଥିବୀରେ ଓର୍‌ ଆକାରରେ ଗଛିତ ଥିବା ବୋରୋନର ପରିମାଣ ପ୍ରାୟ 1010 କିଲୋଗ୍ରାମ | ଆମେରିକା, ତିବତ, ଚିଲି ଓ ତୁର୍କୀ ମୂଖ୍ୟ ଉପ୍ତାଦନକାରି ଦେଶ |
ବହୁଳତା:

* ବିଶ୍ୱ: 0.001 ppm

* ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ: 0.002 ppm

* ପୃଥିବୀ ପୃଷ୍ଠ : 950 ppm

* ସମୁଦ୍ର: 4.41 ppm

* ମାନବ ଶରୀର

700 ppb by weight
410 ppb by atoms

## ଉତ୍ପାଦନ

## ବ୍ୟବହାର

* ବୋରାକ୍ସ Na2B4O7 - 10H2O ,ସାବୁନ, ଡିଟର୍‌ଜେଣ୍ଟ, କୀଟନାଶକ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତିରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାଏ |

* ବୋରିକ ଏସିଡ୍‌ H3BO3 ଆଣବିକ ଶକ୍ତି କେନ୍ଦ୍ରରେ ଫିସିଅନ୍‌ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିବାରେ, ଆଣ୍ଟିସେପଟିକ, କୀଟନାଶକ ଓ ଅଗ୍ନିର ପ୍ରଜ୍ୱଳନଶୀଳତାକୁ ହ୍ରାସ କରିବାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାଏ |

* ସୋଡିୟମ୍ ବୋରୋହାଇଡ୍ରାଈଡ୍‌ NaBH4 ଔଷଧ ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ଶିଳ୍ପରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥାଏ |

* ରେନିୟମ ଡାଇବୋରାଇଡ୍‌ ReB2 ହିରା କାଟିବାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାଏ |

## ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

## ଟୀକା

## ଆଧାର

## ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

* Boron at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
* Boron