# ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ

| Mammals Temporal range: 225–0 Ma (Kemp) or 167–0 Ma (Rowe) See discussion of dates in text
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S
D
C
P
T
J
K
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|  |
| Examples of various mammalian orders. Click to see originals.
Row 1: common vampire bat, Virginia opossum, eastern grey kangaroo.
Row 2: southern marsupial mole, humans, northern elephant seals.
Row 3: fox squirrel, tree pangolin, African elephants.
Row 4: platypus, colugo, reindeer.
Row 5: humpback whale, star-nosed mole, giant panda.
Row 6: giant armadillo, plains zebras, black and rufous elephant shrew. |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ: | ସିନାପ୍ସିଡା |
| ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ: | ମାମାଲିଆଫୋର୍ମ୍ସ |
| Class: | **Mammalia** Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Subgroups |
| * Clade Australosphenida
	+ †Order Ausktribosphenida
	+ Order Monotremata
* †Order Eutriconodonta
* †Order Gobiconodonta
* †Order Multituberculata
* Clade Trechnotheria
	+ Subclass Theria
		- Infraclass Marsupialia
		- Infraclass Placentalia
 |

**ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ** (English: Mammal; ଶ୍ରେଣୀ **Mammalia** /məˈmeɪli.ə/) ସମୂହର ପ୍ରାଣୀମାନେ (ନାରୀ) ନିଜ ନବଜାତ ଶିଶୁକୁ ସ୍ତନ୍ୟ ପାନ କରାଇଥାନ୍ତି । ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସ୍ତନ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥି ଦେଖାଯାଇଥାଏ, ଯାହାକି ସରୀସୃପ କିମ୍ବା ପକ୍ଷୀମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଦେଖାଯାଇନଥାଏ । ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ ସମୂହର ଚାରି କୋଠରି ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ହୃତପିଣ୍ଡ ରହିଥାଏ ଓ ମସ୍ତିସ୍କ ଗଠନ ଅପେକ୍ଷାକୃତ ଉନ୍ନତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

## ବିବିଧତା

## ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ବିଭାଗ

## ବିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଇତିହାସ

## ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

## ଆଧାର

## ଅଧିକ ପଢନ୍ତୁ

* Brown W.M. (2001). "Natural selection of mammalian brain components" (PDF). *Trends in Ecology and Evolution*. **16** (9): 471–473. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02246-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2014-04-27.
* Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, July 2006. pp. 1–46.
* McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. *Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.* Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
* Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. *Walker's Mammals of the World*, 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
* Simpson, George Gaylord (1945). "The principles of classification and a classification of mammals". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **85**: 1–350.
* William J. Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, Mark S. Springer et al., *Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics*,Science, Vol 294, Issue 5550, 2348–2351, 14 December 2001.
* Springer, Mark S., Michael J. Stanhope, Ole Madsen, and Wilfried W. de Jong. 2004. "Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree". *Trends in Ecology and Evolution,* **19**:430–438. (PDF version Archived 2016-07-29 at the Wayback Machine.)
* Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Capzaplewski. 2000. *Mammalogy: Fourth Edition*. Saunders College Publishing, 565 pp. ISBN 0-03-025034-X (Brooks Cole, 1999)
* Jan Ole Kriegs, Gennady Churakov, Martin Kiefmann, Ursula Jordan, Juergen Brosius, Juergen Schmitz. (2006) Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals. PLoS Biol 4(4): e91."PLoS Biology – Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals". Biology.plosjournals.org. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|url=` (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
* David MacDonald, Sasha Norris. 2006. *The Encyclopedia of Mammals*, 3rd edition. Printed in China, 930 pp. ISBN 0-681-45659-0

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