# ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ

ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ

phonetic alphabet| ߟߊߝߟߐߕߎߡߊ | ߘߓߊ߬ߓߌߟߊ 1888  |
| ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߓߊߦߟߍߡߊ߲ | ˌɪn.tɚˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l fəˈnɛt.ɪk ˈæl.fə.bɛt  |
| Based on | Romic alphabet, ߟߊ߬ߕߍ߲߬ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲, Greek alphabet  |
| ߘߊ߲ߓߊ | Alexander John Ellis, Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones  |
| ߛߓߍߦߟߊ | ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߕߐ߲߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ  |
| ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߞߊ߬ߓߊ߮ ߥߟߊ߫ ߛߌ߲ߘߌߓߊ߮ | Otto Jespersen  |
| ߓߟߐߟߐ |   |
| ߘߐ߬ߝߐ | history of the International Phonetic Alphabet  |
| ߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊߣߍ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ ߓߟߏ߫ | lexicography, ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ, speech-language pathology  |
| Symbolizes | phone  |
| Stack Exchange tag |   |
| ߥߞߌ-ߘߕߊ ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ߡߊ | ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߓߊߦߟߍߡߊ߲  |

**ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ** ߥߟߊ߫ ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ، ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߘߛߏߣߌ߲ ߠߋ߬ ( ߊ߲߬ߜ߭ߌ߬ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲ ߘߐ߫ IPA، ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ ߘߐ߫ API، ߒߞߏ ߘߐ߫ ߛ ߞ ߖ)، ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߛߓߍߟߌ߫ ߞߊߒߞߋ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߸ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ ߓߍ߯ ߟߊߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߕߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߸ ߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߛߎ߯ - ߎ - ߛߎ߯ ߘߌ߫، ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߕߐ߲ ߞߊ߬ ߡߍ߲ ߛߌ߲ߘߌ߫، ߞߵߏ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߝߐߕߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߘߍ߭ ߢߍߛߐ߲ ߘߌ߫، ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߟߊ ߓߍ߯ ߦߋ߫ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߠߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߟߊ߫، ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߲߬ߓߟߏߡߊ߬ ߞߎߡߊߞߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߘߐ߫، ߞߊ߲߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߞߊߙߊ߲ߠߊ ߟߎ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߘߋ߲ ߠߎ߬، ߘߐ߲߬ߞߙߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߟߊ ߟߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߝߊ߬ߥߏ߬ߟߊ߬ߓߐ߬ߟߊ ߟߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߘߐߝߐߟߊ߲߫ ߛߓߍߟߊ ߟߎ߬ ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߘߟߊߡߌߘߊߟߌߟߊ ߟߎ߬. ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߣߌ߫߫ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߸ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߕߐ߲ ߘߌ߫ ߘߏ߫ ߖߘߌߖߘߌ߫ ߊ߬ ߞߊ߲߬ ߥߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߓߐ߫ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߤߊߡߊ߲ߕߍ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߥߟߌ߬ ߊ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߊ߬ ߦߴߏ߬ ߢߊ ߟߋ߬ ߡߊ߬ ߸ ߛߊ߲߬ ߂߀߀߈ ߠߊ߫ ߸  ߛߓߍߘߋ߲߫ ߁߀߇ ߓߐߣߌ߲ߢߐ߰ߡߊ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߕߐ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ ߣߊ߯ߣߌ߲߫.

## ߊ߬ ߛߓߍߟߌ

ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߦߋ߫ ߛߓߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߟߊ߬ߕߍ߲߬ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߬ ߸ ߜߙߍ߬ߞߌ߬ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲ ߠߎ߬، ߊ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߝߣߊ߫ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲߫ ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߣߍ߲߫ ߠߎ߬ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߓߐ߫ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲߫ ߝߌ߬ߟߊ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫، ߊ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߬ ߝߣߊ߫ ߦߋ߲߬ ߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߛߌ߲ߘߌߣߍ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߕߍ߫ ߓߐ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߛߌ߫ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲߫ ߘߐ߫.

## ߊ߬ ߛߌ߲ߘߌ

ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߕߐ߲ ߟߋ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ ߛߌ߲ߘߌ߫، ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߟߊ߫ ߖߡߊ ߟߊߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߘߌ߫، ߡߍ߲ ߡߐ߱ ߝߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߦߋ߫ (ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߓߙߌ߬ߕߊ߲߬ߓߊ߫ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫) ߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߔߊ߬ߙߌ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߁߈߉߆. ߜߊ߬ߙߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߊߘߐߡߦߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߏ߬ ߞߐߝߍ߬ ߸ ߞߊ߬ ߕߐ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ ߘߏ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߵߊ߬ ߞߊ߲߬ ߸ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ - ߊ - ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߸ ߣߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߎߘߊ ߘߏ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊߞߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߓߐ߫ ߘߎߢߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫، ߊ߬ ߜߙߊ߬ߓߊ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߌߟ ߟߋ߬ ߊߟߌߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯ ߛߊ߲߬ ߁߉߈߉، ߕߐ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߣߌ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߓߐ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߜߊ߬ߙߊ ߏ߬ ߟߋ߬ ߘߐ߫، ߏ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߣߴߊ߬ ߕߊ߬ ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ߬ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߖߘߌߖߘߌ߫ ߟߴߊ߬ ߞߊ߲߬ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߓߍ߯، ߊ߬ ߡߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߠߊߓߊ߲ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߛߊ߲߬ ߂߀߀߅ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫.

## ߝߐߟߌ

ߡߊ߲߬ߞߊ߲ ߓߐ߫ ߢߊ
ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߛߏ߯ߙߏߣߍ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߓߍ߲߬ ߞߎߡߦߊ ߟߐ߬ߦߙߐ ߡߊߦߋߙߋ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߡߊ߬ ߞߊ߲߫ ߝߐߕߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߜߋ߲߭ ߝߐߞߊ߲ ߠߎ߬، ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ ߞߛߊߞߊ ߟߎ߬، ߞߎߡߦߊ ߘߊߘߐߡߦߊ߫ ߜߋ߲߭ ߠߎ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߒ߬ߓߊ߬ ߸ ߝߐߟߌ߫ ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߞߏ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߬ ߸ ߦߏ߫  ߢߌ߲ ߠߎ߬، ߡߊ߲߬ߞߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߓߐ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߲ߘߎ߮ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫، ߕߐ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ߬ ߞߊߒߞߋ ߘߐߥߛߊ߬ߣߍ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߛߌߟߊ ߝߍ߬ ߸ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߞߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߏ߫: "ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߘߐߦߙߌߥߊߣߍ߲߫". ߝߐߟߌ߫ ߕߐ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ ߝߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߦߋ߫ ߟߐ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߡߙߌߦߊ߫ ߝߘߏ߬ߓߊ߬ߡߊ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߞߘߐ ߟߋ߬ ߞߏ߫ : ߛߓߍߛߎ߲ ߣߌ߲߬ ߛߓߍߘߋ߲߫ ߞߋ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߞߋ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߣߊ ߓߍ߯ ߦߋ߫ ߡߊ߬ߞߕߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߸ ߞߊ߬ ߓߍ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ ߣߴߊ߬ ߡߊߖߌ߱ ߟߋ߬ ߡߊ߬ ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߝߡߊ ߣߴ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߝߙߊ، ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ ߓߐߘߌߦߊ ߣߴߊ߬ ߓߐ߫ ߢߊ (ߥߟߊ߬ߟߋ߲ ߣߌ߲߬ ߝߟߍ߫ ߘߎ߰ߟߊ ߘߐ߫)، ߊ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߛߋ߲ߛߋߘߋ߲߫ ߘߌ߫ ߞߴߌ ߦߴߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲߫ ߋߙߐߔߎ߬ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲ ߠߎ߫ ߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ ߢߊ ߟߋ߬ ߡߊ߬ ߖߋߞߏ߫ ߸ ߦߏ߫ e ߝߐ߫ ߢߊ ߸ ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫ be:t (ߓߊߦߌߕߌ بيت) ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߐ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߊ߲߬ߜ߭ߌ߬ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲ ߟߋ߬ ߞߏ߫ bet ߏ߬ ߕߍ߫ (ߓߌ) ߘߌ߫. ߦߏ߫ (ߟߏ، le) ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߬ ߞߊ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߢߊ ߡߍ߲.

## ߊ߬ ߟߊߒߡߊ߫ ߘߐ߫

ߊߟߊ߫

ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ ߘߐ߫ ߸ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߐ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߢߊ߫ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߡߊ߬

ʔalˤːɑːh

ʔɑɫɫɑːh

alˁːˈɑːh

lˁːaːh

lːaːh

ʔɑlˤˈlˤɑːh

ʔalːaːh

## ߣߐ߬ߣߐ߬ߡߊ

| IPA: Pulmonic consonants |
| --- |
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| Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Manner ↓ | [[Bilabial consonant|Biߞߙߊߞߏ:Shylabial]] | [[Labiodental consonant|Labioߞߙߊߞߏ:Shydental]] | [[Linguolabial consonant|Linguoߞߙߊߞߏ:Shylabial]] | Dental | Alveolar | [[Postalveolar consonant|Postߞߙߊߞߏ:Shyalveolar]] | [[Retroflex consonant|Retroߞߙߊߞߏ:Shyflex]] | ([[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveߞߙߊߞߏ:Shyolo-]])ߞߙߊߞߏ:Zwsppalatal | Velar | Uvular | [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharynߞߙߊߞߏ:Shygeal/epiߞߙߊߞߏ:Shyglottal]] | Glottal |
| Nasal | m̥ | m | ɱ̊ | ɱ |  | n̼ | n̪̊**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | n̪ | n̥ | n | n̠̊**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | n̠ | ɳ̊ | ɳ | ɲ̊ | ɲ | ŋ̊ | ŋ | ɴ̥ | ɴ |  |  |  |  |
| Plosive | p | b | p̪ | b̪ | t̼ | d̼ | t̪ | d̪ | t | d |  |  | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʡ |  | ʔ |  |
| Sibilant affricate |  |  |  |  |  |  | t̪s̪ | d̪z̪ | ts | dz | t̠ʃ | d̠ʒ | tʂ | dʐ | tɕ | dʑ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Non-sibilant affricate | pɸ | bβ | p̪f | b̪v |  |  | t̪θ | d̪ð | tɹ̝̊**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | dɹ̝**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | t̠ɹ̠̊˔ | d̠ɹ̠˔ |  |  | cç | ɟʝ | kx | ɡɣ | qχ | ɢʁ | ʡʜ | ʡʢ | ʔh |  |
| Sibilant fricative |  |  |  |  |  |  | s̪**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | z̪**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Non-sibilant fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ̼ | ð̼ | θ | ð | θ̠**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | ð̠**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | ɹ̠̊˔ | ɹ̠˔ | ɻ̊˔ | ɻ˔ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| Approximant |  | β̞ |  | ʋ |  |  |  | ð̞**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** |  | ɹ |  | ɹ̠ |  | ɻ |  | j |  | ɰ |  |  |  |  |  | ˷ |
| Tap/flap |  | ⱱ̟ |  | ⱱ |  |  |  |  | ɾ̥ | ɾ |  |  | ɽ̊ | ɽ |  |  |  |  |  | ɢ̆ |  | ʡ̮ |  |  |
| Trill | ʙ̥ | ʙ |  |  |  |  |  |  | r̥ | r |  | r̠ | ɽ̊r̥ | ɽr |  |  |  |  | ʀ̥ | ʀ | ʜ | ʢ |  |  |
| Lateral affricate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tɬ | dɮ |  |  | tꞎ | d𝼅 | c𝼆 | ɟʎ̝ | k𝼄 | ɡʟ̝ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lateral fricative |  |  |  |  |  |  | ɬ̪**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** |  | ɬ | ɮ |  |  | ꞎ | 𝼅 | 𝼆 | ʎ̝ | 𝼄 | ʟ̝ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lateral approximant |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | l̪ | l̥ | l |  | l̠ | ɭ̊**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | ɭ | ʎ̥**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | ʎ | ʟ̥**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/shared' not found.** | ʟ |  | ʟ̠ |  |  |  |  |
| Lateral tap/flap |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ɺ̥ | ɺ |  |  | 𝼈̥ | 𝼈 |  | ʎ̮ |  | ʟ̆ |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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ߞߙߊߞߏ:Flatlist
ߞߙߊߞߏ:Yesno |

## ߥߟߊ߬ߟߋ߲