# ဟိရဂန

| Hiragana ひらがな  |
| --- |
|  |
| အမျိုးအစား | Syllabary |
| ဘာသာစကားများ | Japanese and Okinawan |
| အချိန်ကာလ | ~800 AD to the present |
| မိခင်စနစ်များ | Oracle Bone Script* Seal Script
	+ Clerical Script
		- Regular script (Kanji)
			* Man'yōgana
				+ Hiragana ひらがな
 |
| ညီအစ်မစနစ်များ | Katakana, Hentaigana |
| လားရာ | ဘယ်မှ ညာ |
| ISO 15924 | `Hira, 410` |
| Unicode alias | Hiragana |
| ယူနီကုတ်အကွာအဝေး | U+3040-U+309F Hiragana, U+1B000-U+1B0FF Kana Supplement |
|

ဟိရဂန (平仮名, ひらがな, ဂျပန် အသံထွက်: [çiɾaɡana]) သည် ဂျပန်ဘာသာရေးနည်းစနစ် တစ်မျိုး ဖြစ်၏။ ဂျပန်ဘာသာရေးရာတွင် ဟိရဂန၊ ခတခန၊ ခန်ဂျိ နှင့် ရိုမဂျိ အစရှိသည့် ရေးနည်းစနစ်များ ပါဝင်သည်။ ဟိရဂနသည် အသံထွက်အတိုင်း ရေးရသည့်စနစ် ဖြစ်သည်။ **ဟိရဂန**ဆိုသည့် စကားလုံးသည် သဒ္ဒါအလိုအားဖြင့် *ပုံမှန်* သို့မဟုတ် *ရိုးရှင်းမှု* ခန(ခန်ဂျိနှင့် ကွဲပြားခြင်း) ဟု အဓိပ္ပာယ်ရသည်။

## ရေးသားခြင်း နည်းစနစ်

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Hiragana base characters|  | *a* | *i* | *u* | *e* | *o* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ∅ | あ | い | う | え | お |
| *k* | か | き | く | け | こ |
| *s* | さ | し | す | せ | そ |
| *t* | た | ち | つ | て | と |
| *n* | な | に | ぬ | ね | の |
| *h* | は | ひ | ふ | へ | ほ |
| *m* | ま | み | む | め | も |
| *y* | や | 𛀆 | ゆ | 𛀁 | よ |
| *r* | ら | り | る | れ | ろ |
| *w* | わ | ゐ | 𛄟 | bgcolor="#DDDDF6"|ゑ | を |
| ん **(*n*)** |
| Functional marks and diacritics |
| っ | ゝ | ゛ | ゜ |

 |
|   *unused/obsolete* |

The modern hiragana syllabary consists of 46 base characters:

* 5 singular vowels
* 40 consonant–vowel unions
* 1 singular consonant

## ဟိရဂနဇယား

Hiragana syllabograms|  | Monographs (gojūon) | Digraphs (yōon) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *a* | *i* | *u* | *e* | *o* | *ya* | *yu* | *yo* |
| ∅ | あ a [a] | い i [i] | う u [ɯ] | え e [e] | お o [o] |  |
| *K* | か ka [ka] | き ki [ki] | く ku [kɯ] | け ke [ke] | こ ko [ko] | きゃ kya [kʲa] | きゅ kyu [kʲɯ] | きょ kyo [kʲo] |
| *S* | さ sa [sa] | し **shi** [ɕi] | す su [sɯ] | せ se [se] | そ so [so] | しゃ sha [ɕa] | しゅ shu [ɕɯ] | しょ sho [ɕo] |
| *T* | た ta [ta] | ち **chi** [t͡ɕi] | つ **tsu** [t͡sɯ] | て te [te] | と to [to] | ちゃ cha [t͡ɕa] | ちゅ chu [t͡ɕɯ] | ちょ cho [t͡ɕo] |
| *N* | な na [na] | に ni [ɲi] | ぬ nu [nɯ] | ね ne [ne] | の no [no] | にゃ nya [ɲa] | にゅ nyu [ɲɯ] | にょ nyo [ɲo] |
| *H* | は ha [ha] ([ɰa] as particle) | ひ hi [çi] | ふ **fu** [ɸɯ] | へ he [he] ([e] as particle) | ほ ho [ho] | ひゃ hya [ça] | ひゅ hyu [çɯ] | ひょ hyo [ço] |
| *M* | ま ma [ma] | み mi [mi] | む mu [mɯ] | め me [me] | も mo [mo] | みゃ mya [mʲa] | みゅ myu [mʲɯ] | みょ myo [mʲo] |
| *Y* | や ya [ja] |  | ゆ yu [jɯ] |  | よ yo [jo] |  |
| *R* | ら ra [ɾa] | り ri [ɾi] | る ru [ɾɯ] | れ re [ɾe] | ろ ro [ɾo] | りゃ rya [ɾʲa] | りゅ ryu [ɾʲɯ] | りょ ryo [ɾʲo] |
| *W* | わ wa [ɰa] | ゐ wi [(ɰ)i] |  | ゑ we [(ɰ)e] | を wo [(ɰ)o] |  |
|  |
| \* | ん n [n m ŋ] before stop consonants; [ɴ ɰ̃] elsewhere | っ (indicates a geminate consonant) | ゝ (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) | ゞ (reduplicates and voices syllable) |
|  |
|  | Diacritics (gojūon with (han)dakuten) | Digraphs with diacritics (yōon with (han)dakuten) |
| *a* | *i* | *u* | *e* | *o* | *ya* | *yu* | *yo* |
| *G* | が ga [ɡa] | ぎ gi [ɡi] | ぐ gu [ɡɯ] | げ ge [ɡe] | ご go [ɡo] | ぎゃ gya [ɡʲa] | ぎゅ gyu [ɡʲɯ] | ぎょ gyo [ɡʲo] |
| *Z* | ざ za [za] | じ **ji** [(d)ʑi] | ず zu [(d)zɯ] | ぜ ze [ze] | ぞ zo [zo] | じゃ ja [(d)ʑa] | じゅ ju [(d)ʑɯ] | じょ jo [(d)ʑo] |
| *D* | だ da [da] | ぢ **ji** [(d)ʑi] | づ **zu** [(d)zɯ] | で de [de] | ど do [do] | ぢゃ ja [(d)ʑa] | ぢゅ ju [(d)ʑɯ] | ぢょ jo [(d)ʑo] |
| *B* | ば ba [ba] | び bi [bi] | ぶ bu [bɯ] | べ be [be] | ぼ bo [bo] | びゃ bya [bʲa] | びゅ byu [bʲɯ] | びょ byo [bʲo] |
| *P* | ぱ pa [pa] | ぴ pi [pi] | ぷ pu [pɯ] | ぺ pe [pe] | ぽ po [po] | ぴゃ pya [pʲa] | ぴゅ pyu [pʲɯ] | ぴょ pyo [pʲo] |

## ကိုးကား