# Euarchonta

| Glires Firxa tal-fossili: Kmieni fil-Palejoċen - Reċenti |
| --- |
|  |
| Koluga tal-Filippini *Cynocephalus volans* membru tal-klad Euarchonta u speċi ta' l-ordni Scandentia |
| Klassifikazzjoni xjentifika |
| Renju: | Animalia  |
| Klassi: | Mammalia  |
| Sottoklassi: | Eutheria  |
| Superordni: | Euarchontoglires  |
| Ordnijiet |
| * Dermoptera
* Plesiadapiformes
* Primates
* Scandentia
 |

Aj-aj *Daubentonia madagascariensis* membru tal-klad Euarchonta u speċi ta' l-ordni Primates
Euarchonta huwa klad ta' mammiferi plaċentati li jiġbor fiħ it-tupaji (skandentji), il-kolugi (dermopteri) u x-xadini (primati).

It-terminu jew kelma Euarchonta dehret u ġiet użata għall-ewwel darba fil-letteratura xjentifika fl-1999, meta evidenza molekulari ssuġġerit li l-klad ta' l-Archonta li kien grupp ibbażat fuq il-morfoloġija kellu jkun immodifikat u jiġi eskluż minnhu l-ordni Chiroptera (il-friefett il-lejl.

Il-klad Euarchonta il-llum il-ġurnata qiegħed ikklasifikat, fil-klassi Mammalia, fis-sottoklassi Theria, fl-infraklassi Eutheria u fis-superordni Euarchontoglires.

Euarchonta jiġbor fiħ 4 ordnijiet Dermoptera Plesiadapiformes, Primates u Scandentia u flimkien ma' klad ieħor 'l hekk imsejjaħ Glires jiffurmaw is-superordni Euarchontoglires.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Euarchontoglires |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Glires |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Rodentia (ġrieden) |
|  |
|  |
Lagomorpha (fniek, liepri u piki) |
|  |

 |
|  |
| Euarchonta |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Scandentia (tupaji) |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Dermoptera (kolugi) |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Plesiadapiformes |
|  |
|  |
Primates (xadini) |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

Uħud mill-interpretazzjonijiet tad-dati molekulari jaqgħdu jew jillinkjaw id-Dermoptera mal-Plesiadapiformes u l-Primates fi klad magħruf bħala l-Primatomorpha. Il-Primatomorpha u l-iScandentia f' dan il-każ jiġu klassifikati bħala kladi aħwa.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Euarchontoglires |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Glires |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Rodentia (ġrieden) |
|  |
|  |
Lagomorpha (fniek, liepri u piki) |
|  |

 |
|  |
| Euarchonta |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Scandentia (tupaji) |
|  |
| Primatomorpha |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Dermoptera (kolugi) |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Plesiadapiformes |
|  |
|  |
Primates (xadini) |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

## Klassifikazzjoni

* Klassi Mammalia
	+ Sottoklassi Theria
		- Infraklassi Eutheria
			* Superordni Euarchontoglires
				+ Klad Euarchonta
					- Ordni Dermoptera
					- Ordni Plesiadapiformes
					- Ordni Primates
					- Ordni Scandentia

## Referenzi

* R. M. Nowak, Walker's Mammals of the World (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, MD, ed. 6, 1999).
* F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, M. C. McKenna, Eds., Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993).
* W. W. de Jong, Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 270 (1998).
* P. J. Waddell, N. Okada, M. Hasegawa, Syst. Biol. 48, 1 (1999).
* A. G. Kluge, Syst. Zool. 38, 7 (1989).
* M. J. Sanderson, A. Purvis, C. Henze, Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 105 (1998).
* A. Purvis, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 348, 405 (1995).
* O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, J. L. Gittleman, A. Purvis, Biol. Rev. 74, 143 (1999).
* In cases of more than one MP solution, a strict consensus tree can serve to summarize the agreement among these alternatives (8, 32).
* O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, M. J. Sanderson, Syst. Biol., in press.
* A. Graybeal, Syst. Biol. 47, 9 (1998).
* A. Mitchell, C. Mitter, J. C. Regier, Syst. Biol. 49, 202 (2000).
* G. G. Simpson, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85, 1 (1945) [ISI].
* M. C. McKenna, S. K. Bell, Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1997).
* J. Shoshani and M. C. McKenna, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 9, 572 (1998).
* F.-G. R. Liu and M. M. Miyamoto, Syst. Biol. 48, 54 (1999).
* J. Gatesy, M. Milinkovitch, V. Waddell, M. Stanhope, Syst. Biol. 48, 6 (1999).
* M. Nikaido, A. P. Rooney, N. Okada, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 10261 (1999).
* M. J. Stanhope, et al., Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 9, 501 (1998).
* M. J. Stanhope, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 9967 (1998).
* The other representative of Afrosoricida (Tenrecidae) was excluded from the molecular analysis because of its extensive missing data (only 100 scored binary characters for this partition).
* E. C. Teeling, et al., Nature 403, 188 (2000).
* S. J. O'Brien et al., Science 286, 463 (1999).
* P. J. Waddell, Y. Cao, J. Hauf, M. Hasegawa, Syst. Biol. 48, 31 (1999).
* M. S. Springer, H. M. Amrine, A. Burk, M. J. Stanhope, Syst. Biol. 48, 65 (1999).
* O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 16, 113 (2000).
* D. L. Swofford, PAUP\*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (\* and Other Methods), version 4 (Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, 1998).
* B. R. Baum, Taxon 41, 3 (1992).
* M. A. Ragan, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1, 53 (1992).
* A. Purvis, Syst. Biol. 44, 251 (1995).
* D. E. Wilson, D. M. Reeder, Eds., Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1993).
* K. Bremer, Evolution 42, 795 (1988)

## Link Esterni

* Molecular and Morphological Supertrees for Eutherian (Placental) Mammals