# Positivisme logik

**Positivisme logik**, yang kemudiannya dipanggil **empirisme logik**, dan kedua-duanya bersama-sama juga dikenali sebagai **neopositivisme**, ialah gerakan dalam falsafah Barat yang tesis utamanya ialah prinsip pengesahan (juga dikenali sebagai kriteria pengesahan makna). Teori pengetahuan ini menegaskan bahawa hanya pernyataan yang boleh disahkan melalui pemerhatian langsung atau pembuktian logik yang bermakna dari segi penyampaian nilai kebenaran, maklumat atau kandungan fakta. Bermula pada akhir 1920-an, kumpulan ahli falsafah, saintis, dan ahli matematik membentuk Bulatan Berlin dan Bulatan Vienna, yang, di kedua-dua bandar ini, akan mengemukakan idea-idea positivisme logik.

## Catatan

## Rujukan

* Bechtel, William, *Philosophy of Science: An Overview for Cognitive Science* (Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc, 1988).
* Friedman, Michael, *Reconsidering Logical Positivism* (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
* Novick, Peter,  *That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American Historical Profession* (Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
* Stahl, William A & Robert A Campbell, Yvonne Petry, Gary Diver, *Webs of Reality: Social Perspectives on Science and Religion* (Piscataway NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002).
* Suppe, Frederick, ed, *The Structure of Scientific Theories*, 2nd edn (Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press, 1977).

## Bacaan lanjut

## Pautan luar

* Kategori berkaitan Logical positivism di Wikimedia Commons

**Rencana mengenai positivis logik The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle
* Carnap, Rudolf. 'The Elimination of Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language'
* Carnap, Rudolf. 'Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology.'
* Excerpt from Carnap, Rudolf. *Philosophy and Logical Syntax*.
* Feigl, Herbert. 'Positivism in the Twentieth Century (Logical Empiricism)', *Dictionary of the History of Ideas*, 1974, Gale Group (Electronic Edition)
* Hempel, Carl. 'Problems and Changes in the Empiricist Criterion of Meaning.'

**Rencana mengenai positivisme logik Kemerling, Garth. 'Logical Positivism', *Philosophy Pages*
* Murzi, Mauro. 'Logical Positivism', *The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief*, Tom Flynn (ed.). Prometheus Books, 2007 (PDF version)
* Murzi, Mauro. 'The Philosophy of Logical Positivism.'
* Passmore, John. 'Logical Positivism', *The Encyclopedia of Philosophy*, Paul Edwards (ed.). New York: Macmillan, 1967, first edition

**Rencana mengenai topik falsafah berkaitan Hájek, Alan. 'Interpretations of Probability', *The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)*
* Rey, Georges. 'The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction', *The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2003 Edition)*, Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
* Ryckman, Thomas A., 'Early Philosophical Interpretations of General Relativity', *The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2001 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)*
* Woleński, Jan. 'Lvov-Warsaw School', *The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)*
* Woodward, James. 'Scientific Explanation', *The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)*