# Bahasa-bahasa Turki

| Turkik |
| --- |
| Taburan geografi: | Dari Eropah Tenggara ke China Barat dan Siberia |
| Klasifikasi bahasa: | Altai?* **Turkik**
 |
| Bahasa-proto: | Proto-Turkik |
| Pembahagian: | * Oghur (Lir-, r-)
* (Oghuz Barat Daya)
* (Kypchak Barat Laut)
* (Karluk/Uyghur Tenggara)
* (Siberia Timur Laut)
* Khalaj
 |
| ISO 639-5: | `trk` |
| Glottolog: | `turk1311` |
|  Negara-negara dan subdivisi autonomi di mana bahasa Turki mempunyai status rasmi dan/atau dituturkan oleh majoriti |

**Bahasa-bahasa Turkik** ialah sebuah keluarga bahasa sekurang-kurangnya tiga puluh lima bahasa, ditutur oleh orang Turkik daripada Eropah Tenggara dan Mediterranean ke Siberia dan China Barat, dan dicadangkan untuk menjadi sebahagian daripada keluarga bahasa Altai yang berkontroversi.

## Ahli-ahli

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Proto-Turkik | Turkik Am | Turkik Am Barat Daya (Oghuz)
 |   | * Pecheneg (pupus)
 |
| Oghuz Barat | * Turki Anatolia Lama (pupus)
* Turki Uthmaniyah (pupus)
* Turki
* Turkmen Iraq
* Gagauz
* Azerbaijan
* Turki Gagauz Balkan
 |
| Oghuz Timur | * Turkmen
* Turkik Khorasani
 |
| Oghuz Selatan | * Afsyar
* Loghat-loghat di Iran seperti Qashqai, Sonqori, Aynallu, dsb.
 |
| (Arghu) |   | * Khalaj
 |
| Turkik Am Barat Laut (Kipcak)
 |   | * Kipcak (pupus)
 |
| Kipcak Barat | * Kumyk
* Karacai-Balkar
* Krimea, Urum
* Krymchak
* Cuman (pupus)
* Karaim
 |
| Kipcak Utara (Turkik Volga–Ural) | * Tatar Kazan
* Tatar Misyar
* Tatar Siberia Barat
* Basykir
 |
| Kipcak Selatan (Aral-Kaspia) | * Kazakh
* Karakalpak
* Kyrgyz
* Uzbek Kipcak (Kipcak Fergana) (pupus)
* Nogai
 |
| Turkik Am Tenggara (Karluk)
 | Barat | * Uzbek
 |
| Timur | * Uighur
* Taranchi
* Salar
* Cagatai (pupus)
* Aini
* Ili Turki
 |
| Turkik Am Timur Laut (Siberian) | Siberia Utara | * Sakha (Yakut)
* Dolgan
 |
| Siberia Selatan | Turkik Sayan | * Tuvan (Soyot, Uriankhai)
* Tofa
 |
| Turkik Yenisei | * Khakas
* Fuyü Gïrgïs
* Syor (Saghay Qaca, Qizil)
* Yugur Barat (Uighur Kuning)
 |
| Turkik Culym | * Culym (Küerik)
 |
| Turkik Altai | * Altai Oirot dan dialek-dialek seperti Tuba, Qumanda, Qu, Teleut, Telengit
 |
| Oghur |   |   | * Cuvasy
* Khazar (?) (pupus)
* Bulgar (pupus)

(pupus) |

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut

* Akhatov G. Kh. 1960. "About the stress in the language of the Siberian Tatars in connection with the stress of modern Tatar literary language" .- Sat \*"Problems of Turkic and the history of Russian Oriental Studies." Kazan. (Rusia)
* Akhatov G.Kh. 1963. "Dialect West Siberian Tatars" (monograph). Ufa. (Rusia)
* Baskakov, N.A. 1962, 1969. "Introduction to the study of the Turkic languages*. Moscow. (Rusia)*
* Boeschoten, Hendrik & Lars Johanson. 2006. *Turkic languages in contact*. Turcologica, Bd. 61. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-05212-0
* Clausen, Gerard. 1972. *An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Deny, Jean et al. 1959–1964. *Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta*. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
* Johanson, Lars & Éva Agnes Csató (ed.). 1998. *The Turkic languages*. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.
* Johanson, Lars. 1998. "The history of Turkic." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 81–125.
* Johanson, Lars. 1998. "Turkic languages." In: *Encyclopædia Britannica*. CD 98. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 5 sept. 2007.
* Menges, K. H. 1968. *The Turkic languages and peoples: An introduction to Turkic studies*. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
* Öztopçu, Kurtuluş. 1996. Dictionary of the Turkic languages: English, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Uighur, Uzbek. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14198-2
* Samoilovich, A. N. 1922. *Some additions to the classification of the Turkish languages*. Petrograd.
* Schönig, Claus. 1997–1998. "A new attempt to classify the Turkic languages I-III." *Turkic Languages* 1:1.117–133, 1:2.262–277, 2:1.130–151.
* Starostin, Sergei A., Anna V. Dybo, and Oleg A. Mudrak. 2003. *Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages.* Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-13153-1
* Voegelin, C.F. & F.M. Voegelin. 1977. *Classification and index of the World's languages*. New York: Elsevier.

## Pautan luar

* Turkic Languages Verb Comparison
* Turkic Inscriptions of Orkhon Valley, Mongolia Diarkibkan 2012-04-11 di Wayback Machine
* The LINGUIST List MultiTree Project: Turkic Family Tree
* Turkic Languages: Resources – University of Michigan
* Map of Turkic languages
* Classification of Turkic Languages
* Online Uyghur–English Dictionary
* Bahasa-bahasa Turki di Curlie
* Turkic language vocabulary comparison tool / dictionary Diarkibkan 2008-05-17 di Wayback Machine
* A Comparative Dictionary of Turkic Languages *Open Project*
* The Turkic Languages in a Nutshell Diarkibkan 2020-11-12 di Wayback Machine with illustrations.
* Swadesh lists of Turkic basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)

Templat:Turkic languages
Templat:Turkic topics
Templat:Altaic languages
Templat:Language families