# Yahudi Amerika

Yahudi Amerika|

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mandy Patinkin | Action Bronson | Rick Rubin | Dudi Kalish |
| Manis Friedman | Ivanka Trump | Jared Kushner | Yitzchak Abadi |
| Fred Rosenbaum | Barbra Streisand | Richard N. Gottfried | Pink |

 |
| Jumlah penduduk |
| 6,400,000 2.1% dari penduduk AS |
| Kawasan ramai penduduk |
| Timur Laut, Florida, Pantai Barat, Chicago |
| Bahasa |
| Bahasa-bahasa Yahudi Asli Ibrani, Yiddish, Ladino, dan bahasa-bahasa Yahudi yang lain (yang terancam, dan sesetengahnya sudah pupus)
Bahasa-bahasa Keagamaan Ibrani and Aramia Bahasa-bahasa utama dan yang digunakan Bahasa Inggeris  |
| Agama |
| Agama Yahudi |

**Yahudi Amerika**, adalah warganegara Amerika Syarikat yang merupakan keturunan Yahudi. Sebahagian besar tinjauan pendapat kependudukan memperkirakan jumlah penduduk mereka adalah antara 5.2 juta sehingga 6.4 juta orang . Dengan demikian penduduk masyarakat Yahudi di Amerika Syarikat dapat dianggap yang terbesar atau nombor dua terbesar di dunia setelah Israel. Masyarakat Yahudi Amerika Syarikat sebahagian besar adalah keturunan Yahudi Ashkenazi , meskipun juga terdapat keturunan Yahudi Sefardim dan Yahudi Mizrahi, serta beberapa suku Yahudi lainnya. Kepercayaan yang dianut juga meliputi pelbagai aliran agama Yahudi; daripada masyarakat Ultra-Ortodoks Haredi sampai ke masyarakat Yahudi yang benar-benar berfahaman duniawi.

## Taburan Yahudi Amerika

Menurut Pusat Kajian Glenmary, yang menerbitkan *Religious Congregations and Membership* di Amerika Syarikat , 100 daerah dan bandar pada 2000 dengan masyarakat Yahudi yang terbesar, berdasarkan peratusan jumlah penduduk, adalah:

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|

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daerah | Penduduk Yahudi | % jumlahnya |
| 1 | Rockland County, New York | 90,000 | 31.4% |
| 2 | New York County, New York | 314,500 | 20.5% |
| 3 | Falls Church, Virginia | 1,800 | 17.4% |
| 4 | Fairfax, Virginia | 3,600 | 16.7% |
| 5 | Nassau County, New York | 207,000 | 15.5% |
| 6 | Kings County, New York | 379,000 | 15.4% |
| 7 | Palm Beach County, Florida | 167,000 | 14.8% |
| 8 | Broward County, Florida | 213,000 | 13.1% |
| 9 | Queens County, New York | 238,000 | 10.7% |
| 10 | Monmouth County, New Jersey | 65,000 | 10.6% |
| 11 | Westchester County, New York | 94,000 | 10.2% |
| 12 | Sullivan County, New York | 7,425 | 10.0% |
| 13 | Essex County, New Jersey | 76,200 | 9.6% |
| 14 | Bergen County, New Jersey | 83,700 | 9.5% |
| 15 | Montgomery County, Maryland | 83,800 | 9.1% |
| 16 | Baltimore, Maryland | 56,500 | 8.7% |
| 17 | Fulton County, Georgia | 65,900 | 8.1% |
| 18 | Montgomery County, Pennsylvania | 59,550 | 7.9% |
| 19 | Middlesex County, Massachusetts | 113,700 | 7.8% |
| 20 | Richmond County, New York | 33,700 | 7.6% |
| 21 | Marin County, California | 18,500 | 7.5% |
| 22 | Camden County, New Jersey | 36,000 | 7.1% |
| 22 | Morris County, New Jersey | 33,500 | 7.1% |
| 24 | Suffolk County, New York | 100,000 | 7.0% |
| 25 | Denver County, Colorado | 38,100 | 6.6% |
| 26 | Oakland County, Michigan | 77,200 | 6.5% |
| 27 | San Francisco County, California | 49,500 | 6.4% |
| 28 | Bronx County, New York | 83,700 | 6.3% |
| 29 | Middlesex County, New Jersey | 45,000 | 6.0% |
| 30 | Los Angeles County, California | 564,700 | 5.9% |
| 30 | Norfolk County, Massachusetts | 38,300 | 5.9% |
| 32 | Atlantic County, New Jersey | 14,600 | 5.8% |
| 32 | Bucks County, Pennsylvania | 34,800 | 5.8% |
| 32 | Union County, New Jersey | 30,100 | 5.8% |
| 35 | Cuyahoga County, Ohio | 79,000 | 5.7% |
| 35 | Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania | 86,600 | 5.7% |
| 37 | Clark County, Nevada | 75,000 | 5.5% |
| 37 | Miami-Dade County, Florida | 124,000 | 5.5% |
| 39 | Baltimore County, Maryland | 38,000 | 5.0% |
| 39 | Pitkin County, Colorado | 750 | 5.0% |
| 39 | Plymouth County, Massachusetts | 23,600 | 5.0% |
| 42 | St. Louis County, Missouri | 47,100 | 4.6% |
| 43 | Boulder County, Colorado | 13,200 | 4.5% |
| 43 | Washington, District of Columbia | 25,500 | 4.5% |
| 45 | Cook County, Illinois | 234,400 | 4.4% |
| 45 | Fairfield County, Connecticut | 38,800 | 4.4% |
| 45 | Orange County, New York | 15,000 | 4.4% |
| 48 | Alexandria, Virginia | 5,400 | 4.2% |
| 49 | Albany County, New York | 12,000 | 4.1% |
| 49 | Alpine County, California | 50 | 4.1% |
| 49 | Sarasota County, Florida | 13,500 | 4.1% |

 |

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daerah | Penduduk Yahudi | % jumlahnya |
| 52 | Howard County, Maryland | 10,000 | 4.0% |
| 53 | Lake County, Illinois | 25,000 | 3.9% |
| 54 | Portsmouth, Virginia | 3,800 | 3.8% |
| 55 | Somerset County, New Jersey | 11,100 | 3.7% |
| 55 | West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana | 800 | 3.7% |
| 57 | Rockdale County, Georgia | 2,500 | 3.6% |
| 57 | Suffolk County, Massachusetts | 24,700 | 3.6% |
| 59 | Bristol County, Rhode Island | 1,760 | 3.5% |
| 59 | Custer County, Idaho | 150 | 3.5% |
| 59 | Hartford County, Connecticut | 30,000 | 3.5% |
| 59 | New Haven County, Connecticut | 28,900 | 3.5% |
| 59 | Passaic County, New Jersey | 17,000 | 3.5% |
| 59 | San Mateo County, California | 24,500 | 3.5% |
| 59 | Schenectady County, New York | 5,200 | 3.5% |
| 66 | Ulster County, New York | 5,900 | 3.3% |
| 67 | Norfolk, Virginia | 7,600 | 3.2% |
| 67 | Santa Clara County, California | 54,000 | 3.2% |
| 69 | Burlington County, New Jersey | 13,000 | 3.1% |
| 69 | Monroe County, New York | 22,500 | 3.1% |
| 71 | Essex County, Massachusetts | 21,700 | 3.0% |
| 72 | Berkshire County, Massachusetts | 3,900 | 2.9% |
| 72 | Delaware County, Pennsylvania | 15,700 | 2.9% |
| 72 | Monroe County, Michigan | 4,200 | 2.9% |
| 72 | Multnomah County, Oregon | 19,300 | 2.9% |
| 76 | Hennepin County, Minnesota | 31,600 | 2.8% |
| 76 | Sussex County, New Jersey | 4,100 | 2.8% |
| 78 | Allegheny County, Pennsylvania | 34,600 | 2.7% |
| 78 | Fayette County, Georgia | 2,500 | 2.7% |
| 78 | Hamilton County, Ohio | 22,500 | 2.7% |
| 78 | Johnson County, Kansas | 12,000 | 2.7% |
| 82 | Mercer County, New Jersey | 9,100 | 2.6% |
| 82 | Nantucket County, Massachusetts | 250 | 2.6% |
| 82 | Ozaukee County, Wisconsin | 2,100 | 2.6% |
| 82 | Pinellas County, Florida | 24,200 | 2.6% |
| 82 | Prince George's County, Maryland | 20,700 | 2.6% |
| 82 | Worcester County, Massachusetts | 19,500 | 2.6% |
| 88 | San Diego County, California | 70,000 | 2.5% |
| 89 | New Castle County, Delaware | 11,900 | 2.4% |
| 89 | Pima County, Arizona | 20,000 | 2.4% |
| 91 | Alameda County, California | 32,500 | 2.3% |
| 91 | Chester County, Pennsylvania | 10,100 | 2.3% |
| 91 | Contra Costa County, California | 22,000 | 2.3% |
| 91 | Cumberland County, Maine | 6,000 | 2.3% |
| 91 | Hampden County, Massachusetts | 10,600 | 2.3% |
| 91 | Ocean County, New Jersey | 11,500 | 2.3% |
| 91 | Santa Cruz County, California | 6,000 | 2.3% |
| 98 | Bristol County, Massachusetts | 11,600 | 2.2% |
| 98 | Clay County, Georgia | 75 | 2.2% |
| 98 | Washtenaw County, Michigan | 7,000 | 2.2% |

 |

## Masyarakat Yahudi Amerika yang terbesar

(Menurut huruf mengikut negeri dan daerah)

| California |
| --- |
| Northern California | Berkeley ·  Marin County ·  Oakland ·  Pleasanton ·  San Francisco ·  Santa Clara County ·  Walnut Creek |
| Southern California | Agoura Hills ·  Bel Air ·  Beverly Hills ·  Brentwood, Los Angeles ·  Burbank ·  Calabasas ·  Coachella Valley ·  Fairfax District, Los Angeles ·  Glendale ·  Irvine ·  Lake Forest ·  Newport Beach ·  Palm Springs ·  Pasadena ·  San Fernando Valley (west and south) ·  Santa Monica ·  Sun City ·  Thousand Oaks ·  Ventura County ·  West Hollywood ·  Westlake Village ·  West Los Angeles |

| Connecticut |
| --- |
| Hamden ·  Stamford ·  West Hartford ·  Westport ·  Woodbridge |

| Florida |
| --- |
| Central Florida | Ormond Beach |
| South Florida | Aventura ·  Bradenton ·  Boca Raton ·  Boynton Beach ·  Delray Beach ·  Fort Lauderdale ·  Golden Beach ·  Lake Worth ·  Miami Beach ·  Miami ·  Sarasota ·  Sunny Isles Beach ·  West Palm Beach |

| Georgia |
| --- |
| Atlanta |

| Illinois |
| --- |
| Arlington Heights ·  Buffalo Grove ·  Chicago (Gold Coast ·  Hyde Park ·  West Rogers Park) ·  Deerfield ·  Des Plaines ·  Evanston ·  Flossmoor ·  Glenview ·  Highland Park ·  Lincolnwood ·  Long Grove ·  Morton Grove ·  Northbrook ·  Skokie ·  Wilmette |

| Maryland ·  District of Columbia |
| --- |
| Baltimore ·  Owings Mills ·  Pikesville ·  Reisterstown ·  Aspen Hill ·  Bethesda ·  Chevy Chase ·  Gaithersburg ·  Kemp Mill ·  Kensington ·  Olney ·  Potomac ·  Rockville ·  Silver Spring ·  Takoma Park ·  Washington, D.C. ·  Wheaton ·  White Oak |

| Massachusetts |
| --- |
| Brighton ·  Brookline ·  Lexington ·  Marblehead ·  Newton ·  Sharon ·  Wayland |

| Michigan |
| --- |
| Ann Arbor ·  Detroit (Bloomfield Hills ·  Bloomfield Township ·  West Bloomfield ·  Farmington Hills ·  Huntington Woods ·  Oak Park ·  Southfield) |

| Minnesota |
| --- |
| Minneapolis (St. Louis Park ·  Minnetonka) ·  St. Paul |

| Missouri |
| --- |
| St. Louis (University City ·  Clayton ·  Ladue) |

| New Jersey |
| --- |
| Cherry Hill ·  East Brunswick ·  Edison ·  Elizabeth ·  Englewood ·  Fair Lawn ·  Highland Park ·  Lakewood ·  Livingston ·  Manalapan Township ·  Marlboro Township ·  Millburn ·  Morristown ·  Newark ·  South Orange ·  West Orange ·  Passaic ·  Springfield ·  Teaneck ·  Tenafly ·  Wayne ·  Woodcliff Lake ·  Englewood Cliffs ·  Paramus ·  Fort Lee |

| New York |
| --- |
| Long Island | Baldwin ·  Bellmore ·  Dix Hills ·  East Hampton ·  "Five Towns" ·  Great Neck ·  Huntington ·  Jericho ·  Merrick ·  Oceanside ·  Old Bethpage ·  Plainview ·  Roslyn ·  Port Washington ·  Syosset |
| New York City | Brooklyn | Bensonhurst ·  Borough Park ·  Brighton Beach ·  Brooklyn Heights ·  Coney Island ·  Crown Heights ·  Dyker Heights ·  Midwood ·  Prospect-Lefferts Gardens ·  Prospect Heights ·  Sheepshead Bay ·  Williamsburg |
| Bronx | Castle Hill ·  City Island ·  Co-op City ·  Norwood ·  Pelham Gardens ·  Pelham Parkway ·  Riverdale ·  Van Cortlandt Park ·  Woodlawn |
| Queens | Forest Hills ·  Kew Gardens ·  Little Neck ·  Fresh Meadows ·  Rego Park |
| Manhattan | Lower East Side ·  Inwood ·  Midtown ·  Upper West Side, Manhattan |
| Staten Island | Willowbrook ·  New Springville |
| Orange County | Kiryas Joel |
| Rockland County | Kaser ·  Monsey ·  Montebello ·  New City ·  New Square ·  Spring Valley ·  Suffern ·  Viola ·  Wesley Hills |
| Westchester County | Chappaqua ·  Harrison ·  Hartsdale ·  Larchmont ·  Mamaroneck ·  New Rochelle ·  Rye ·  Scarsdale ·  White Plains |

| North Carolina |
| --- |
| Cary ·  Charlotte ·  Greensboro ·  Raleigh |

| Ohio |
| --- |
| Cincinnati | Amberley ·  Blue Ash ·  Reading |
| Cleveland | Beachwood ·  Cleveland Heights ·  Lyndhurst ·  Moreland Hills ·  Orange ·  Pepper Pike ·  Shaker Heights ·  Solon ·  South Euclid ·  University Heights |
| Columbus | Bexley |

| Pennsylvania |
| --- |
| Philadelphia | Cheltenham Township (Elkins Park) ·  Overbrook ·  Lower Merion Township (Bala Cynwyd ·  Gladwyne ·  Merion ·  Wynnewood) ·  Narberth ·  Oxford Circle ·  Rhawnhurst ·  Richboro ·  Spring House ·  Upper Dublin Township (Abington Township ·  Dresher ·  Fort Washington) ·  West Chester |
| Pittsburgh | Squirrel Hill |

| Texas |
| --- |
| Dallas | North Dallas (Preston Hollow, Devonshire, Melshire Estates, Bluff View, Greenway Parks, Turtle Creek, Bent Tree, Far North Dallas) ·  Plano |
| Houston | Meyerland ·  Memorial ·  Maplewood ·  Braeburn ·  Inwood Forest ·  Addicks ·  Cypress ·  Jersey Village ·  Piney Point Village ·  Bunker Hill Village ·  Hedwig Village ·  Hilshire Village ·  Hunters Creek Village ·  West University Place ·  Sugar Land |

| Virginia |
| --- |
| Alexandria ·  Fairfax ·  Falls Church |

| Washington |
| --- |
| Bellevue ·  Mercer Island ·  Seattle |

| Wisconsin |
| --- |
| Bayside ·  Glendale ·  Fox Point ·  Mequon ·  Whitefish Bay (All in metro Milwaukee) |

## Nota

## Bibliografi

* Antler, Joyce., ed. *Talking Back: Images of Jewish Women in American Popular Culture.* 1998.
* Cohen, Naomi. *Jews in Christian America: The Pursuit of Religious Equality.* 1992.
* Cutler, Irving. *The Jews of Chicago: From Shtetl to Suburb.* 1995
* Diner, Hasia. *The Jews of the United States, 1654 to 2000* (2004) online
* Dinnerstein, Leonard. *Antisemitism in America.* 1994.
* Dollinger, Marc. *Quest for Inclusion: Jews and Liberalism in Modern America.* 2000.
* Eisen, Arnold M. *The Chosen People in America: A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology.* 1983.
* Glazer, Nathan. *American Judaism*. 2nd ed., 1989.
* Goren, Arthur. *The Politics and Public Culture of American Jews.* 1999.
* Gurock, Jeffrey S. *From Fluidity to Rigidity: The Religious Worlds of Conservative and Orthodox Jews in Twentieth Century America.* Jean and Samuel Frankel Center for Judaic Studies, 1998.
* Hyman, Paula, and Deborah Dash Moore, eds. *Jewish Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia.* 1997
* Lederhendler, Eli. *New York Jews and the Decline of Urban Ethnicity, 1950–1970.* 2001
* Moore, Deborah Dash. *To the Golden Cities: Pursuing the American Jewish Dream in Miami and L. A.* 1994
* Moore, Deborah Dash. *GI Jews: How World War II Changed a Generation* (2006)
* Novick, Peter. *The Holocaust in American Life.* 1999.
* Raphael, Marc Lee. *Judaism in America*. Columbia U. Press, 2003. 234 pp.
* Sarna, Jonathan D. *American Judaism* Yale University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-300-10197-X 512pp
* Shapiro, Edward S. *A Time for Healing: American Jewry since World War II.* Jewish People in America, vol. 5. 1992.
* Sorin, Gerald. *Tradition Transformed: The Jewish Experience in America.* 1997.
* Staub, Michael E. ed. *The Jewish 1960s: An American Sourcebook* University Press of New England, 2004; 371 pp. ISBN 1-58465-417-1 online review
* Svonkin, Stuart. *Jews against Prejudice: American Jews and the Fight for Civil Liberties.* 1997
* Waxman, Chaim I. "What We Don't Know about the Judaism of America's Jews." *Contemporary Jewry* (2002) 23: 72-95. Issn: 0147-1694 Uses survey data to map the religious beliefs of American Jews, 1973-2002.
* Wertheimer, Jack, ed. *The American Synagogue: A Sanctuary Transformed.* 1987.
* Whitfield, Stephen J. *In Search of American Jewish Culture.* 1999

## Rujukan

1. NJPS 2000-01 Report, United Jewish Communities
2. 2006 American Jewish Year Book Population Survey Finds 6.4 Million American Jews, PR Newswire
3. The Jewish Population of the World (2005), Jewish Virtual Library