# Archibald Wavell, Earl Wavell Pertama

| Yang Amat Berhormat Fil MarsyalEarl WavellGCB GCSI GCIE CMG MC PC |
| --- |
| Potret Wizurai India Fil Marsyal Sir Archibald Wavell di mejanya pada 1943. |
|  |
| **Dalam jawatan** 1 Oktober 1943 – 21 Februari 1947 |
| Raja | George VI |
| Perdana Menteri | Winston Churchill (1943–45) Clement Attlee (1945–47) |
| Didahului oleh | Marquess Linlithgow |
| Digantikan oleh | Viscount Mountbatten dari Burma |
| **Dalam jawatan** 28 Julai 1943 – 24 Mei 1950 Keturunan bangsawan |
| Didahului oleh | *Kebangsawanan diwujudkan* |
| Digantikan oleh | Earl Wavell Ke-2 |
|  |
| Maklumat peribadi |
| Lahir | Archibald Percival Wavell (1883-05-05)5 Mei 1883 Colchester, Essex, England |
| Meninggal dunia | 24 Mei 1950(1950-05-24) (umur 67) Westminster, London, England |
| Pertalian | Mengahwini Eugenie Marie Quirk, mendapat seorang anak lelaki dan tiga anak perempuan |
| Perkhidmatan tentera |
| Kesetiaan | United Kingdom |
| Cabang/khidmat | Tentera Darat British |
| Tahun khidmat | 1901–1943 |
| Pangkat | Fil Marsyal |
| Unit | Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) |
| Pangkalan | * Markas Amerika-British-Belanda-Australia
* MK India
* Markas Timur Tengah
* Markas Selatan
* Tentera British di Palestin dan Trans-Jordan
* Divisyen Ke-2
* Briged Ke-6 Infantri
 |
| Perang/Pertempuran | Perang Boer Kedua Perang Dunia Pertama
* Pertempuran Ypres Kedua
* Kempen Sinai dan Palestin

Pemberontakan arab di Palestin Perang Dunia II
* Kempen Afrika Utara
* Perang Pasifik
 |
| Anugerah tentera | * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
* Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
* Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
* Military Cross
* Commander of the Legion of Honour (Perancis)
* Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit (Amerika Syarikat)
 |
|  |

Fil Marsyal **Archibald Percival Wavell, Earl Wavell Pertama**, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, CMG, MC, PC (5 Mei 1883 – 24 Mei 1950) adalah seorang pegawai kanan Tentera Darat British. Beliau berkhidmat dalam Perang Boer Kedua, Kempen Lembah Bazar dan Perang Dunia I, yang mana beliau telah tercedera dalam Pertempuran Ypres Kedua. Beliau kemudian bertugas dalam Perang Dunia II, pada mulanya sebagai Panglima Tertinggi Timur Tengah, di mana peranannya memimpin tentera British hingga menang ke atas Itali di barat Mesir dan timur Libya semasa Operasi *Compass* pada Disember 1940, hanya dikalahkan oleh Tentera Darat Jerman di Gurun Barat pada April 1941. Beliau merupakan Panglima Tertinggi, India, dari Julai 1941 hingga Jun 1943 (selain dari perkhidmatan singkat sebagai Panglima ABDACOM) dan kemudian berkhidmat sebagai Wizurai India sehingga bersara pada Februari 1947.

## Kurniaan darjah kebesaran

Bar reben (seperti yang dilihat hari ini)

### British

* Military Cross – 3 June 1915
* Dipuji Dalam Perutusan 22 June 1915, 4 January 1917, 22 January 1919
* Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) – 1 January 1919
* Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) – 4 March 1941 (KCB: 2 January 1939; CB: 1 January 1935)
* Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) – 18 September 1943
* Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) – 18 September 1943
* Knight of the Order of St. John – 4 January 1944

### Lain-lain

* Order of St Stanislaus, 3rd class with Swords (Rusia) (12 September 1916)
* Order of St. Vladimir (Rusia) 1917
* Croix de Guerre (Commandeur) (Perancis) – 4 May 1920
* Commandeur, Légion d'honneur (Perancis) – 7 May 1920
* Order of El Nahda, 2nd Class (Hejaz) – 30 September 1920
* Grand Cross, Order of George I with Swords (Greece) – 9 May 1941
* Virtuti Militari, 5th Class (Poland) – 23 September 1941
* War Cross, 1st Class (Greece) – 10 April 1942
* Commander, Order of the Seal of Solomon (Ethiopia) – 5 May 1942
* Grand Cross, Order of Orange-Nassau (Belanda) – 15 January 1943
* War Cross (Czechoslovakia) – 23 July 1943
* Legion of Merit degree of Chief Commander (Amerika Syarikat) – 23 July 1948

## Penerbitan

### Buku

* *Tsar Nicholas II by Andrei Georgievich Elchaninov. Translated from the Russian by Archibald Percival Wavell*. Hugh Rees. 1913.
* *The Tsar and his People by Andrei Georgievich Elchaninov. Translated from the Russian by Archibald P. Wavell*. Hugh Rees. 1914.
* *The Palestine Campaigns*. London: Constable. 1933. OCLC 221723716.
* *Allenby, A Study in Greatness: The Biography of Field-Marshal Viscount Allenby of Megiddo and Felixstowe, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.* London: Harrap. 1940–43. OCLC 224016319.
* *Generals and Generalship: The Lees Knowles Lectures Delivered at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1939*. London: Times. 1941. OCLC 5176549.
* *Soldiers and Soldiering or Epithets of War*. London: J. Cape. 1953. OCLC 123277730.
* *Other Men's Flowers: An Anthology of Poetry*. London: J. Cape. 1977 [1944]. OCLC 10681637.
* *Other Men's Flowers: An Anthology of Poetry* (ed. Memorial). London: Pimlico. 1992 [1952].; "this first paperback edition contains not only Lord Wavell's own introduction and annotations, but also the introduction written by his son, to whom the book was originally dedicated".
* *Allenby, Soldier and Statesman*. London: White Lion. 1974 [1946]. ISBN 0-85617-408-4.
* *Speaking Generally: broadcasts, Orders and Addresses in time of war (1939–43)*. London: Macmillan. 1946. OCLC 2172221.
* *The Good Soldier*. London: Macmillan. 1948. OCLC 6834669.
* *Wavell: The Viceroy's Journal*. London: Oxford University Press. 1973. ISBN 0-19-211723-8.

### Sumbangan pada terbitan berkala

* Official Middle East Despatches December 1940 to February 1941 published in "No. 37628". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 25 June 1946. m/s. 3261–3269.
* Official Middle East Despatches February 1941 to July 1941 published in "No. 37638". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 2 July 1946. m/s. 3423–3444.
* Official Iran, Iraq and Syria Despatches April 1941 to January 1942 published in "No. 37685". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 13 August 1946. m/s. 4093–4101.
* Official India Despatches March 1942 to December 1942 published in "No. 37728". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 17 September 1946. m/s. 4663–4671.

## Petikan

## Sumber

* Allen, Louis (1984). *Burma: The Longest War*. J. M. Dent and Sons. ISBN 0-460-02474-4.
* Auchinleck, Claude (1946). *Despatch on Operations in the Middle East From 5 July 1941 to 31 October 1941*. London: War Office. in "No. 37695". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 20 August 1946. m/s. 4215–4230.
* Axelrod, Alan (2008). *The Real History of World War II*. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4027-4090-9.
* Close, H. M. (1997). *Attlee, Wavell, Mountbatten, and the transfer of power*. National Book Foundation.
* Connell, John (1 January 1964). *Wavell, Scholar and Soldier*. Collins.
* Connell, John (1 April 1969). *Wavell, Supreme Commander*. Collins. ISBN 978-0002119207.
* Fort, Adrian. *Archibald Wavell: The Life and Death of the Imperial Servant* (2009)
* Frame, Alex (2008). *Flying Boats: My Father's War in the Mediterranean*. Victoria University Press. ISBN 978-0864735621.
* Heathcote, Tony (1999). *The British Field Marshals 1736–1997*. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
* Glynn, Irial (2007). *An Untouchable in the Presence of Brahmins’ Lord Wavell's Disastrous Relationship with Whitehall During His Time as Viceroy to India, 1943–7*. Modern Asian Studies. m/s. 639–663.
* Houterman, Hans; Koppes, Jeroen. "World War II unit histories and officers". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 December 2008. Dicapai pada 20 December 2008. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (bantuan)
* Mead, Richard (2007). *Churchill's Lions: A Biographical guide to the Key British Generals of World War II*. Stroud: Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.
* Pagden, Anthony (2008). *Worlds at War: The 2,500-year Struggle between East and West*. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-923743-2.
* Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; with Flynn, Captain F. C. (RN); Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; Gleave, Group Captain T. P. (2009) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, Sir James (penyunting). *The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy, to May 1941*. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. **I**. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-065-3. Unknown parameter `|lastauthoramp=` ignored (bantuan)
* Raugh, Harold E., Jr. (2013). *Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship*. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806143057.
* Schofield, Victoria (2006). *Wavell: Soldier and Statesman*. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-71956-320-1.
* Wavell, Archibald Percival Wavell (1973). *Wavell: The Viceroy's Journal*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192117236.

## Pautan luar

* British Army Officers 1939−1945
* Generals of World War II
* Petikan akbar mengenai Archibald Wavell, Earl Wavell Pertama di 20th Century Press Archives daripada ZBW

| Pegawai tentera
 |
| --- |
| Didahului oleh **Henry Jackson** | **Panglima Divisyen Ke-2** 1935–1937 | Diikuti oleh: **Henry Maitland Wilson** |
| Didahului oleh **Sir John Dill** | **Panglima Tentera British di Palestin dan Trans-Jordan** 1937–1938 | Diikuti oleh: **Robert Haining** |
| Didahului oleh **Sir John Burnett-Stuart** | **Panglima Markas Selatan** 1938–1939 | Diikuti oleh: **Sir Alan Brooke** |
| **Gelaran baharu** | **Panglima Tertinggi Markas Timur Tengah** 1939–1941 | Diikuti oleh: **Sir Claude Auchinleck** |
| Didahului oleh **Sir Claude Auchinleck** | **Panglima Tertinggi, India** 1941–1942 | Diikuti oleh: **Sir Alan Hartley** |
| Didahului oleh **Sir Alan Hartley** | **Panglima Tertinggi, India** 1942–1943 | Diikuti oleh: **Sir Claude Auchinleck** |
| Pejabat-pejabat kerajaan
 |
| Didahului oleh **Marquess Linlithgow** | **Wizurai India** 1943–1947 | Diikuti oleh: **Viscount Mountbatten dari Burma** |
| Gelaran Kehormat
 |
| Didahului oleh **Lord Chetwode** | **Konstabel Menara London** 1948–1950 | Diikuti oleh: **Viscount Alanbrooke** |
| Didahului oleh **Duke Wellington** | **Lord Lieutenant Daerah London** 1949–1950 | Diikuti oleh: **Viscount Alanbrooke** |
| Bangsawan United Kingdom |
| **Ciptaan baharu** | **Earl Wavell** 1947–1950 | Diikuti oleh: **Archibald Wavell** |
| **Viscount Keren** 1947–1950 |
| **Ciptaan baharu** | **Viscount Wavell** 1943–1950 |