# Krisis minyak 1973

**Krisis minyak 1973** bermula pada Oktober 1973 apabila ahli-ahli Pertubuhan Negara Pengeksport Petroleum Arab mengeluarkan satu embargo minyak. Pemberhentian itu disasarkan kepada negara-negara yang dianggap sebagai menyokong Israel semasa Perang Yom Kippur. Negara-negara awal yang disasarkan ialah Kanada, Jepun, Belanda, United Kingdom dan Amerika Syarikat dengan embargo juga kemudiannya diperluaskan ke Portugal, Rhodesia dan Afrika Selatan. Menjelang akhir embargo pada Mac 1974, harga minyak telah meningkat hampir 400%, dari AS $ 3 setong kepada hampir $ 12 di peringkat global; Harga AS jauh lebih tinggi. Pemberhentian itu menyebabkan krisis minyak, atau "kejutan", dengan banyak kesan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang terhadap politik global dan ekonomi global. Ia kemudiannya dikenali sebagai "kejutan minyak pertama", diikuti oleh krisis minyak 1979, yang disebut sebagai "kejutan minyak kedua".

## Rujukan

## Bacaan lanjut

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## Pautan luar

* Hakes, Jay (2008). 35 Years After the Arab Oil Embargo, *Journal of Energy Security*.
* Morgan, Oliver; Islam, Faisal (2001). Saudi dove in the oil slick, *The Guardian*. Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani, former oil minister of Saudi Arabia, gives his personal account of the 1973 energy crisis.
* Oppenheim, V.H. (1976). Why Oil Prices Go Up: The Past: We Pushed Them, *Foreign Policy*.
* US Energy Information Administration (1998). 25th Anniversary of the 1973 Oil Embargo