# स्फुरद

स्फुरद (फॉस्फरस),  १५P| स्फुरदाची विविध रूपे |
| सामान्य गुणधर्म |
| अपरूप |
पांढरा / पिवळसर पांढरा, लाल, काळा |
| दृश्यरूप |
विविध रंगी (मुख्यत्त्वे मेणचट पांढरा-पिवळा, आणि लाल) घन |
| साधारण अणुभार (*A*r, standard) |
३०.९७३ ग्रॅ/मोल |
| स्फुरद (फॉस्फरस) - आवर्तसारणीमधे |
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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| हायड्रोजन |  | हेलियम |
| लिथियम | बेरिलियम |  | बोरॉन | कार्बन | नत्रवायू | प्राणवायू | फ्लोरीन | निऑन |
| सोडियम | मॅग्नेशियम |  | ॲल्युमिनियम | सिलिकॉन | स्फुरद | गंधक | क्लोरिन | आरगॉन |
| पोटॅशियम | कॅल्शियम | स्कॅन्डियम |  | टायटॅनियम | व्हेनेडियम | क्रोमियम | मँगेनीज | लोखंड | कोबाल्ट | निकेल | तांबे | जस्त | गॅलियम | जर्मेनियम | आर्सेनिक | सेलेनियम | ब्रोमिन | क्रिप्टॉन |
| रुबिडियम | स्ट्रॉन्शियम | यिट्रियम |  |  | झिर्कोनियम | नायोबियम | मॉलिब्डेनम | टेक्नेटियम | रुथेनियम | ऱ्होडियम | पॅलॅडियम | चांदी | कॅडमियम | इंडियम | कथील | अँटिमनी | टेलरियम | आयोडिन | झेनॉन |
| Caesium | Barium | Lanthanum | Cerium | Praseodymium | नियोडायमियम | Promethium | Samarium | Europium | Gadolinium | Terbium | Dysprosium | Holmium | Erbium | Thulium | Ytterbium | Lutetium | Hafnium | Tantalum | Tungsten | Rhenium | Osmium | Iridium | Platinum | सोने | पारा | Thallium | Lead | Bismuth | Polonium | Astatine | Radon |
| फ्रान्सियम | रेडियम | ॲक्टिनियम | थोरियम | प्रोटॅक्टिनियम | युरेनियम | नेप्चूनियम | प्लुटोनियम | अमेरिसियम | क्युरियम | बर्किलियम | कॅलिफोर्नियम | आइन्स्टाइनियम | फर्मियम | मेंडेलेव्हियम | नोबेलियम | लॉरेन्सियम | रुदरफोर्डियम | डब्नियम | सीबोर्जियम | बोह्रियम | हासियम | मैटनेरियम | Darmstadtium | Roentgenium | Copernicium | Nihonium | Flerovium | Moscovium | Livermorium | Tennessine | Oganesson |

 |  | नत्रवायू ↑ **P** ↓ आर्सेनिक |
| सिलिकॉन ← **स्फुरद (फॉस्फरस)** → गंधक |

 |

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| अणुक्रमांक (*Z*) |
१५ |
| गण | पंधरावा गण (Pnictogens) |
| आवर्तन |
३ |
| श्रेणी |
अधातू |
| विजाणूंची रचना |
[Ne] ३s२ ३p३ |
| भौतिक गुणधर्म |
| स्थिती at STP |
घन |
| घनता (at STP) |
१.८२३ ग्रॅ/लि |
| आण्विक गुणधर्म |
| इतर माहिती |
|

**स्फुरद** (इंग्रजी नाव - फॉस्फरस, संज्ञा P, अणुक्रमांक १५) हे घनरूप अधातू मूलद्रव्य आहे. फॉस म्हणजे प्रकाश आणि फोरोस म्हणजे देणारा या ग्रीक भाषेतील शब्दांवरून फॉस्फरस या नावाची व्युत्पत्ती झाली. पांढरा फॉस्फरस हवेतील ऑक्सिजनच्या संपर्कात आला असता मंद प्रकाश देतो म्हणून त्याला फॉस्फरस असे नाव दिले गेले. आधुनिक काळात शोधलेले फॉस्फरस हे पहिले मूलद्रव्य आहे. जर्मन रसायनशास्त्रज्ञ हेनिग ब्राण्ड याने फॉस्फरसचा शोध लावला. जर्मनीतल्या हॅम्बुर्ग शहरात १६६९ साली फॉस्फरस वेगळा करण्यात यश मिळाले. असे असले तरी फॉस्फरस हे एक मूलद्रव्य आहे हे फ्रेंच शास्त्रज्ञ अँटोनी लॅवोझिएने इ.स. १७७७ साली सिद्ध केले.

## संदर्भ आणि नोंदी