# Cantonese opera

Cantonese opera

opera genre| Subclass of | Chinese opera  |
| Country of origin | China  |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity  |
| Described at URL |     |

**Cantonese opera** yaa opera sẽn yit Guangdong sẽn be Sɩnga soolmẽ wã. B nong-a-la Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Makao la Azi Sid-rʋgdgã pʋgẽ. Wala opera buud fãa sẽn be Chine wã, opera wã yaa Chine wã minimd sẽn naag ne mizikã, yɩɩlã, zab-teedã, akrobatikã la reemã.

## Kibsa

### Kʋdemdã

Kanton opera sɩngr wɛɛngẽ, no-koɛɛm n be, la b sakame tɩ opera wã yii Siin rɩtg babgẽ n wa Guangdong sẽn be goabg babgẽ wã yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 13 soabã saabẽ, sẽn yaa Song soolmã sẽn da be goabg babgẽ wã sasa. Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd piig la a yiib soabã pʋgẽ, b ra maanda reem sẽn boond tɩ Nanxi bɩ "Sudã reem", b sẽn da maand Hangzhou, sẽn da yaa Song soolmã sẽn da yaa to-to wã na-tẽngã zãma wã reem zĩisẽ. Ne mongol sodaasã sẽn wa n zabd ne-bã, Song soolmã naab a Gong ne Song nebã tus kobs n zoe n kẽ Guangdong yʋʋmd 1276. Nin-kãens sʋka, Nansi yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn yi Zhejiang n wa ne Nansi Guangdong la b sõng tɩ opera minimã kẽng taoore.

Opera rãmb wʋsg b sẽn maand rũndã-rũndã, wala Tai Nui Fa sẽn sɩng ne Ming soolmẽ wã la The Purple Hairpin sẽn sɩng ne Yuan soolmẽ wã, b yɩɩla ne Kantõ. Hal tɩ ta yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã, yaa rap n da maand pagbã tʋʋm fãa.

### Sɩngrẽ wã, Shanghai raopã

Yʋʋmd 1840 wã, Guangdong ned wʋsg sẽn da yaa zak soab wa n na n paam n kẽng Shanghéi wã. B ra tara pãng wʋsg tɩ b tõog n tõog n zab ne tẽngã. Rẽ poore, b lugla buud-gomd taab sẽn na yɩl n sõng b nin-buiidã ne b taab taab b sẽn maand bũmb ninsã. Yʋʋmd 1920-n yʋʋm-rɩs-tã n tãag 1930 wã, Kantõ opera sẽn be Shanghai wã yiri ra yaa kãseng wʋsgo (Chong, 2014). Wakat kãnga, kamb nins sẽn da yaa kamb sẽn yaa kamb sẽn pa tar ligd wʋsg sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tʋlg n tʋmd ne kamb sẽn yaa b sẽn yaa kamb n tʋmd ne yɩɩl-dãmb wã sẽn be Kantõ wã ra tara b meng kamb sẽn yaa yɩɩl-doogdẽ wã. Sẽn paase, b ra maanda b sẽn tõe fãa n sõng-b tɩ b bãngd gom-biis nins sẽn be Guangdong wã. Kibar a yembr yeelame tɩ "b ra maanda yɩɩl wʋsg Kantõ wã wakat kãnga, la tɩ b ra mii yɩɩl nins b sẽn da maand Shangɛ wã wʋsgo.  (Cheng, 2007)

### Hong Kong ra-kẽndre

Yʋʋmd 1950 wã tɛka, b sẽn yi tẽngã pʋgẽ wã, b zoe n kẽnga tẽns a taab wa North Point. B waoongã kɩtame tɩ b sẽn da nong Cantone opera wã paas wʋsgo. Sẽn paase, Sɩni wã kom-bɩɩsã ra ratame tɩ b moon siglgã sẽn yaa sodaas-soabg koe-noogã. Sɩngd-rãmbã sẽn yaa naaba rãmb sigla zʋrnall dãmb sẽn boond tɩ Ta Kung Pao (大公報) la Chang Cheung Hua Pao (長城畫報) sẽn na yɩl n wilg tɩ b sẽn na n wilg tɩ Kantõ opera wã yaa sõma wã. B ra tũnugda ne platform-kãensã n na n moon yɩɩl-dãmb nins sẽn yaa Cantones rãmb n na n yɩɩdã. Woto kɩtame tɩ b nong Cantonais opera wã Hong Kong nebã sʋka. La bilf-bilfu, Kantõ opera wã lebga bũmb nins b sẽn da maand daar fãa wã pʋga.

Yʋʋmd 1960 wã pʋgẽ, Cantonais opera nebã ra nong-a lame. [1] B maana teleer wʋsg ne a Sheung Wan la a Sai Wan, tɩ b lebg zĩ-dãmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsg ne zaba. Rẽ poore, b sɩngame n maand yɩɩl zĩis nins b sẽn maandd yɩɩlã pʋsẽ, tɩ kɩt tɩ b tõog n le paasd b sẽn tõe n maan yɩɩl-kãnga sẽn yaa Cantonaisẽ wã Hong Kong. Neb nins sẽn da be tigis-kãsemsã pʋsẽ wã sẽn wa n paasdẽ wã, b ra leb n getame tɩ b tara neb wʋsg sẽn na n wa be tigisgã sasa. La yɩɩr sẽn yaa kãntõense wã sɩngame n boogame, t'a TV la filimã sɩng n le paasda yʋʋmd 1960 wã saabẽ wã. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n bãng b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã, b ra segd n saka b sẽn tõe fãa n maan to-to wã. Rẽ poore, b lebs n maana teleer kẽer tɩ b lebg kom-biis la ro-roog zĩisẽ. Sẽn paase, sẽn da yaa wakat ning b sẽn da na n maan yɩɩr ne yɩɩrã, yɩɩ bũmb sẽn kɩt tɩ yɩɩr ning b sẽn boond tɩ cantonese opera wã paoogẽ.

Sẽn sɩng ne Lee Theatre wã bugmã la b sẽn sul zĩis wʋsg (Tai Ping Theatre, Ko Shing Theatre, Paladium Theatre, Astor Theatre bɩ pĩnd Po Hing Theatre, Kai Tak Amusement Park, la Lai Chi Kok Amusement Park) sẽn da rɩk n kõ Kantonese wã yʋʋm kobs-gĩndẽ wã, Hong Kong Sunbeam Theatre yaa bũmb a ye sẽn ket n be zĩig ning sẽn wilgd Kantonese opera wã.

Yʋʋmd 1980 wã sɩngrẽ, a Leung Hon-wai ra yaa pipi sẽn be a zamaanẽ wã sẽn yaa Hong Kong Chinese Artists Association (HKBarwo) ning sẽn kõ lekollã la sẽn kẽesd b toog ne kibay yãab wɛɛngẽ. Yʋʋmd 1980 wã, b sɩngame n zãmsd Hong Kong Kantone Opera Akademi wã.

Sẽn na yɩl n paas b sẽn zãmsd Cantonais opera wã pãnga, b sɩngame n zãmsd Cantonais Opera zãmsg wakat sẽn pa kaoos wakat sẽn pa ta yʋngo, ne Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts sõngr yʋʋmd 1998. Yʋʋmd 1999 wã, b maana yʋʋm a yiib daarã diplɔm program sẽn wilgdẽ tɩ b tõe n zãms yɩɩl-dãmb la yɩɩl-dẽgdb sẽn yaa karen-bi-bi-taasã. Sẽn na yɩl n paas karen-biisã sẽn na n paam n paam n bãng b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã, b sɩngame tɩ b zãms Cantonais opera wã yʋʋmdã.

Yʋʋm a wãn pʋgẽ, Hong Kong Art Development Council kõ-a-la ligd n kõ a Love and Faith Cantonese Opera Laboratory wã tɩ b tõog n zãms kamb la kom-bɩɩsã yɩɩr yɩɩr yɩɩrã. Sẽn paase, b sẽn na n wilg tɩ b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n wilg b sẽn na maan bũmb ning ne nebã, b na n sõngame tɩ b bãng b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ning n wilg b sã n dat n sõng-b tɩ b bãngẽ.

Sẽn paase, Hong Kong goosneema ra ratame tɩ b moon Cantonais opera ne taab. [1] B ra ratame tɩ b meẽd yɩɩl wʋsg n kõ Hong Kong nebã tɩ b tõe n paam n paam n kɩdgd Cantonais opera wã. Sẽn paase, b ra ratame tɩ b bãng b sẽn tõe n maan yɩɩl-walgã pʋgẽ wã. Kanton kʋdemdã lebga minim sẽn yaa tɩlae ne b karen-bi-rãmbã lekollã pʋgẽ. Karen-saam dãmbã yĩnga, karengã tʋʋmd ra kõt-b-la zãmsg la zãmsg yɛl sẽn tɩ loe ne Kantõns opera.

### Rɩt-rãmbã kibs

Sẽn sɩng ne Hong Kong Art Festival la Asia Art Festival wã, sẽn yaa yɩɩl-dãmb sẽn yaa kãntõense wã yɩɩl-tũudb sẽn yaa b sẽn da tar sor n na n yɩɩdã (tũud-n-tũusds sẽn tar pãng, bãngdb sẽn yaa Lang Chi Bak la Leung Sing Poh b sãnem yʋʋmã pʋgẽ, bɩ sẽn yaa yɩɩll-dãmb b sẽn da be b sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩdã) yaa:
Fung Wong-nui (1925–1992)

1974, 2nd Hong Kong Arts Festival (self-financing 3 titles)
《薛平貴》*Xue Pinggui*
《胡不歸》*Time To Go Home*
《貍貓換太⼦》*Substituting a Racoon for the Prince* 1979, 7th Hong Kong Arts Festival\*
1980, 8th Hong Kong Arts Festival
A Lam Kar Sing [9] (1933-2015), sẽn dɩk a Sit Gok Sin sẽn kõ-a la naam bãnd/tõndã soab (bãngr ning sẽn yaa a soab n yɩɩd filimã la tãnsãbẽ tʋʋm sẽn yaa sõma), la a yaa karen-bi-bi-pugli sẽn yaa a karen-biis a yiib ([10] 1987, 2008 [11]) [12] sẽn yãk b toor-toorã karengã pʋgẽ.

1976, 1st Festival of Asian Arts
1977, 2nd Festival of Asian Arts
《雙槍陸文龍》*Lu Wen-long*
《紅樓寶黛》*Bao and Dai of Red Chamber*1978, 6th Hong Kong Arts Festival\*
《梁祝恨史》*Butterfly Lovers*
*Yam-Fong yʋʋr*
*Yʋʋm kobs a yiibu la a Lee Bo-ying sẽn da pa beẽ wã*
*A Loong Kim Sang ra pa le tõe n paam n paam n yɩɩ nin-kãseng ning sẽn da tõe n sõng-a n tõog n tõog n paam a naam wã ye.*
*Yaa bũmb nins a Zeova sẽn yeel tɩ b maan n wilg tɩ b nonga nebã to-to wã sʋka.*
*A Lam ra maand a meng (a ket n yaa a Lee Bo-ying poorẽ) yʋʋmd 1987 yʋʋmd kiuugã pʋgẽ, la a kɩtame tɩ b lebg b sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tarã.*
1978, 3rd Festival of Asian Arts
1980, 5th Festival of Asian Arts
1982, 7th Festival of Asian Arts
1984, Chinese Opera Fortnight (中國戲曲匯演)
《胡不歸》*Time To Go Home* – the contemporary prevailing version
《雷鳴金鼓戰笳聲》*The Sounds of Battle*
《三夕恩情廿載仇》*Romance and Hatred*
《無情寶劍有情天》*Merciless Sword Under Merciful Heaven*
Sẽn kaoos n yɩɩg Lang Chi Bak (1904-1992) la Leung Sing Poh yɩɩ yʋʋmd 197
Loong Kim Sang
1983, 8th Festival of Asian Arts
1984, 9th Festival of Asian Arts
《帝女花》*Di Nü Hua*
《紫釵記》*The Purple Hairpin*
《紅樓夢》*Dream of Red Chamber*
40 years since Yam's best known role and title (opposite Chan Yim Nung) in 1944
New script debuted in November 1983
Contemporary prevailing version
《花田八喜》*Mistake at the Flower Festival*
《再世紅梅記》*The Reincarnation of a Beauty*
《牡丹亭驚夢》*The Peony Pavilion*
1985, 10th Festival of Asian Arts
Neb nins sẽn da yaa neb sẽn pa mi b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã, la b sẽn pa tar yõod ne b sẽn na yɩl n bãng b sẽn na maan bũmb ninsã ra pa be karɛtã pʋgẽ ye. Rẽ toeemame, hal b sẽn wa n kolg a Leung Hon-wai sẽn da tar yʋʋm 40 wã, n wa paam n paam n paam bũmb ning a sẽn dat n maan a sẽn na yɩl n maan bũmb nins a sẽn dat tɩ b maan ne a zo-rãmbã.
### Tẽns ligd

B sẽn na n kell n dɩk b sẽn da paam n kõ nin-kẽem dãmbã la b sẽn da yaa sodaasã n dɩk b pĩnd buud toor-toorã n dɩk b yɩɩlã, b goamã la b gʋlsdã n paas b sẽn tõe n tall n tall n kõ-b la b tall n tall b mens n kõ-ba.

* Cantonese Opera Development Fund
* Hong Kong Arts Development Council, Grants

Tẽeg-pʋɩɩrã yaa bũmb sẽn pa tõe n bãng ye, wala b sẽn maan ne b sẽn maand to-to wã, la ligd sõngrã yaa sɩd soaba. La kãsem dãmbã pa yaa nin-buiidã taoor dãmb ye, la b rɩkda b mens mens bʋʋm n deeg b ligd. Yaa woto, b sẽn yaa b sẽn be tigims nins sẽn be ka wã me, b maanda tʋʋm wʋsg tɩ b bãng b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã.

Yʋʋm kobs sẽn loogã, ned sẽn da be bʋ-kaoodb sullẽ tõe n yɩɩ karen-bi-pugl sẽn be Hong Kong masã. A Ma Sze Tsang wilga sẽn yɩ to-to tɩ b ra segd n tʋmda tʋʋm-kãsems ne b tẽedbã sẽn be tẽn-tẽngã pʋgẽ wã, yʋʋmd 1954 filim ning b sẽn boond tɩ The Big Thunderstorm pʋgẽ.

A Leung Hon-wai sẽn yaa taoor soaba wã goma a sẽn zãms bũmb ning a sẽn gʋlsã wɛɛngẽ, la a sẽn paam ligd n deeg Hong Kong kom-bɩɩsã nengẽ. Yaa woto, kibsã kibsã kõo a Davɩɩd ligd, a sẽn da yaa a soaba, a sẽn na n moon koɛɛgã, la a paam zu-loees nins a sẽn pa tõe n maan ye. Neb nins sẽn nong n bãngẽ wã paama ligd wʋsg ne b sẽn maand yɩɩl a yiib-n-soaba. Sẽn paase, a ra yaooda 50% bal n na n kogl a sẽn na n maan futã pʋgẽ wã.

A Sit Kok Sin klasikã ra paamda HK$ 105,200 n paas yʋʋmd 2015. Roagdbã sẽn da tar yʋʋm 100 n paas n yã yãetẽ wã, b yãame tɩ b pa tõe n zĩnd ne b biigã n zĩnd ne tãnsã ye, sã n pa ne ligd sẽn yit Sɩngr Opera Tigeng ning sẽn boond tɩ Golden Will wã la a Wan Fai-yin sẽn boond tɩ Christina wã nengẽ ye.

*Time To Go Home* yaa toor ne a Leung sẽn wa n sɩng yɩɩr kibayã, bala:

1. Yʋʋmd 1939 soabã, b sẽn boond tɩ Sit wã yaa tʋʋm-no-kãseng sẽn kɩt tɩ b sẽn da wa n maand yɩɩl-n-taas lebg nin-kãsems sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd b taabã.
2. Yaa minimã, la a sẽn na n maan to-to wã bal n na n sõng-yã.
3. A yaa neb wʋsg sẽn maand yɩɩr a tãab-n-soabã sẽn maand b sẽn dat n maan-a namsg pʋga.

Yʋʋmd 2019 wã, a Yuen Siu Fai goma radio wã zugu, a sẽn yã tɩ ligdã sẽn be zĩig ningã kɩtame tɩ b ra pa tar ligd sẽn na yɩl n sõng b nin-buiidã ye. A Yuen sẽn tʋmd ne siglgã n tʋmd ne b sẽn pa tar ligd wʋsg n tʋmdẽ wã pa wilg tɩ a tʋʋmd a yiibã pa zems ye.

Sẽn pa wõnd Afirikã, tẽn-kãng fãa tara sor n wubd neb nins sẽn yaa neb wʋsg balã. Politiki la yɛl nins sẽn be to-to wã fãa kɩtdame tɩ b bãngd sẽn na n yɩɩdã, wala b sẽn na n bãngd a Bak Yuk Tong wa "Super-Rãad-n-saamb a naas" bɩ b pa na n bãng-a ye. A Yuen yeelame tɩ a Bak yaa kominist sẽn kɩɩsd a Zeova, la tɩ rẽ yĩnga a sẽn be Sɩngr tẽn-tẽngã (PRC) wã pa yembr ye.

### Raop sẽn sõngd nebã

#### Tẽns nins sẽn paam ligd wʋsg

* The Art of Fong Yim-fun Sustainability Project, Shaw College, CUHK.Yʋʋmd 2014 tʋʋlg kiuugã, b tʋlgame n na n tɩ wilg tɩ b sẽn na n maan bũmb ning fãa wã yaa sõma.
* Dr. Yang Leung Yin-fong Katie, the Honorary Life Chairman, a kõame a paoong a yembr tɩ yɩ Hong Kong Sɩngd Artists Association wã sɛk zĩigẽ, sẽn na yɩl n kõ tigs-n-taas b sẽn na n yɩɩdã.

### D sã n na n yɩg n na n kʋ-a

Yʋʋmd 2019 wã, a Yuen Siu Fai yeelame tɩ nin-kẽem dãmbã segd n ket n yaa taoor dãmb la b segd n yɩɩg taoor dãmb tɩ b ra rat n zĩnd taoor dãmb ye. A Yuen yeelame tɩ ned sã n pa tar b bags b ninẽ, a pa tõe n maan sõma ye.

Yʋʋmd 2018 soabã pʋgẽ, a Law Kar Ying yeelame tɩ a Chan Kam Tong zoe n da wa n kʋɩtame n tãag yʋʋm 1950 wã sʋka, yʋʋm piig sẽn yɩɩd a Chan sẽn wa n bas tigisgã, wall yʋʋm 60 sẽn yɩɩd a sẽn na n yɩlẽ n wilg nebã tɩ yaa woto. A Yuen, a Law la neb a taab sẽn da be wã, b sẽn da tar b sẽk b ninẽ wã, b kell n kẽngame n kẽng zĩig ning a Leung sẽn basã. Woto yĩnga, nin-kãensã sẽn da yaa nin-kãensã me sakda a Chan buud-goamã, n maand kaset-rãmb b sẽn maandã. La a Chan sẽn yaa karen-bi-kãsengã ra pa rat tɩ b tall taoor dãmb ye.

Bãnd a yiib la a Chan sẽn da tʋmd ne-a, la b sẽn da bas n bas tigisgã ne waoogrã yaa Yam Kim Fai la Fong Yim Fun. B fãa sẽn da yaa kamb sẽn da be b pɩʋʋgã pʋgẽ wã, b ra keoogda b kambã (b sẽn maan woto yʋʋmd 1969 wã la yʋʋmd 1987 wã, la b pa maan woto ne pãng n yɩɩd a Lam Kar Sing ne a pagã sẽn maan yʋʋmd 1983 wã ye). Yam-Fong nebã wʋsg Hong Kongẽ wã ket n paasda b sẽn da pa tarẽ wã, tɩ Loong Kim Sang ne Lee Bo Ying me ket n bee zĩig ning b sẽn basã.

Kanton opera wã sẽn be Hong Kong wã ra sɩngame yʋʋmd 1985/86 wã, a Li Jian sẽn dog n boond t'a Lai Po Yu (黎鍵,原名黎保裕) sẽn yaa nin-buiidã sẽn getẽ wã wilgame. Yaa sɩd tɩ b sẽn lebg yɩɩlã taoor dãmb a Lee Bo Ying, a Lam Kar Sing la a Loong Kim Sang wã fãa basa b zĩigẽ yʋʋmd 1993 wã, sẽn yaa yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã pʋgẽ, sẽn yaa yɩɩdã sẽn wa n yɩ pipi wã. Rẽ me yaa bũmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo, la a kaoosd wakat wʋsgo. Wala a Fong ne a Loong sẽn pa wa n wa wã, a Yam ne a Lee pa le wa ye.

A yam ka sak n zãad a vɩɩmã tõre, baa a sẽn da be nebã sʋk wakat ning Loong sull sẽn da maand Hong Kong wã. A Yuen sẽn da be Yam poorẽ wã, a yeelame t'a yam yaa gãndga, bala a pa sak n gom bũmb ning b sẽn da maand n kõ-a wã yell ye.

### La b fãa yaa zaalem.

B sẽn wa n maand yɩɩr ne b sẽn da maand yɩɩr n pa beẽ wã, b ra pa le tõe n maan yɩɩr ne nebã ye. Rẽ tɛka, a Teochew buud pa le be Hong Kong ye.

A Chan Kim-seng sẽn da yaa Sɩni wã Artists Association of Hong Kong taoor soaba, yãee bũmb nins sẽn yaa woto ne Kantõ opera wã, la a zabame n na n sõng a nin-buiidã tɩ b paam tʋʋm-sõng ye. A Chan sẽn yaa Kantõne Opera nin-buiidã sẽn tar n be tẽng zug bũmb nins sẽn pa tar yõodã sẽn be tẽngã zugã, kiime yʋʋmd 2013 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 19 wã. [1]

## Dɩtbã

Kanton opera tara zʋg-sõma wʋsg ne Sɩni wã teetr buud toor-toorã. Naoor wʋsgo, b sẽn gomd bũmb ning yellã, b sũy yaa noog ne gom-kãensã: Sɩngr ning sẽn be Sɩngr tẽnga wã fãa yaa wa a taabã, la b sã n wa tarẽ, b sã n pa mi bũmb ning sẽn be zĩig ning fãa, b tõe n bãnga bũmb ning sẽn yaa tɩlae ne-ba. Woto yĩnga, yɩɩl-dãmb, zab-teedã, b sẽn maand yɩɩlã, la b sẽn maand filimã fãa yaa Cantonais opera wã. B sẽn gʋlsd bũmb wʋsg wã yaa Sɩngr pĩnd wẽndẽ la Sɩngr nebã sẽn da mi n gʋlsd bũmb ninsã. Sẽn paase, b tõe n yãa Sɩngr nebã buud-goamã la b filozofi wã. Nebã sẽn yaa wẽn-sakdb wʋsg n maand yɩɩrã wilgda b zʋg-sõma (b sẽn yaa kɩs-sɩd, nonglem, tẽng nonglem la kɩs-sɩdã) wʋsgo.

Kanton opera wã yɛl kẽer yaa:

1. Cing sik sing (程式性; *Jyutping*: cing4 sik1 sing3) – formulaic, formalised.
2. Heoi ji sing (虛擬性; *Jyutping*: heoi1 ji5 sing3) – abstraction of reality, distancing from reality.
3. Sin ming sing (鮮明性; *Jyutping*: sin1 ming4 sing3) – clear-cut, distinct, unambiguous, well-defined.
4. Zung hap ngai seot jing sik (綜合藝術形式; *Jyutping*: zung3 hap6 ngai6 seot6 jing4 sik1) – a composite or synthetic art form.
5. Sei gung ng faat (四功五法; *Pinyin*: sì gōng wǔ fǎ, *Jyutping*: sei3 gung1 ng5 faat3) – the four skills and the five methods.

Yaa b naanã la b maan-yã a nu wã sẽn yaa zãmsg zĩn-dãmb sẽn yaa nana, la b yaa b sẽn tõe n wilg b sẽn tõe ne b sẽn tõe fãa n maan to-to wã. Yaa b sẽn na n maan bũmb ning fãa sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n bãng b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã.

B mii tʋʋm nins sẽn maand ne nebã, akrobatikã, mizikã la yɩɩl nins b sẽn maand ne b mense wã tɩ yaa bõn-kãsems nins b sẽn segd n maan ne nebã filim-dãmbã pʋgẽ wã. Sẽn da yaa kasetã pa lebs n paam n wʋm ninsaal koɛɛg sẽn da be kasetã poorẽ wã ye.

## Sõng sẽn tar yõod

Sẽn deng n wa paam zãmsg wʋsg, Kantõ opera wã ra zãmsda nebã vɩɩm manesmã la b sõssã, la pa sẽn na yɩl n zaba b yĩng bal ye. Goosneema wã tũnugda ne filimã n wilg tɩ b nong-a lame, la tɩ b sakd-a lame. Woto, goosneema wã ra makda tigis-kãnga naoor wʋsgo, la b ra gɩdgda tigisã fãa b sã n wa togs-a koɛɛg sẽn yaa wẽng bɩ b tagsd a yell sõma. A Lo sẽn maan vaeesgã wilgame tɩ yɩɩl ning sẽn yit Kantõ wã me kɩtdame tɩ b bãng tɩ b kʋʋla neb n yaa neb sẽn tar zood ne taaba, tɩ kɩt tɩ b zemsd ne taaba, la b bɩɩsd b zoodo.  (Lo, 2014).[20] Kom-bɩɩsã tara kaset tɩ b zãmsda Cantonais opera wã tɩ yaa bũmb sẽn tar yõod b mens pãng yĩnga. [1]

## Wẽnnaam dãmb opera

Kanton opera yaa Wẽnnaam nin-buiidã opera. B maanda yɩɩl sẽn wilgd tɩ b maand Wẽnnaam nin-buiidã kibsã, b maand maand maand maandã, b manegd tẽn-kugrã la wẽnd-doogã. [1] Kom-biis n maand opera tʋʋmde, tɩ b maand n maand maand maand maand tɩ b maand Wẽnnaam rogem bɩ b tʋmd ne zab-teedã tʋʋmde, wala "Bõn-dãmb la Wẽnnaam la Wẽnnaam la b maand tɩ b nong n nong n nong-b" la "Wẽnnaam la nebã". B tõe n boola yɩɩl-kãensã tɩ "Wẽnnaam dãmb Opera". B sẽn maand woto wã yita Ming Dynasty la Qing Dynasty wã. B ra boond-a lame me tɩ Wẽnnaam kibsã kibsã. Yaa tʋʋm-kãseng Wẽnnaam nifẽ. Sã n yaa ne vaeesgã, b wilgame tɩ Kantõn opera wʋsg sẽn be Hong Kongã yaa Wẽnnaam dãmba Opera wã, la b tõe n pʋɩ-b lame tɩ b maan "Wẽnnaam sirk" wã sasa. Yaa wẽn-sakdb waoogrã, Sʋtãamba sẽn kom n dɩt komã kibsã, Qing soolmã sẽn boond tɩ Taiping, wẽnd-doogã yikr la kibsã kibs la b maandã. [1] Yʋʋmd 1960-1970 wã pʋgẽ, Sɩngr opera wã ra pa le tar pãng ye. La ne Opera for Deities sõngre, b tõe n kell n yɩɩla. Yʋʋmd 1990 wã, Opera wã sẽn get Wẽnnaam tʋʋmã fãa yɩɩg n boog n zĩnd a tãab-biiga n ta a nu-biiga; yʋʋm 1980 wã, yɩɩg sẽn pa be Cantone wã pʋgẽ wã pa be ye. [1]

## Neb nins sẽn maand yɩɩl la tʋʋm nins b sẽn maandã

### Rɩt-rãmbã

Kanton opera wã tʋʋm buud a yiibu: Mou (武, "tũud-n-taase") la Man (文, "b sẽn paam zãmsgo wʋsgo", sẽn yɩɩd fãa yɩɩl la buud-goamã wɛɛngẽ). Mo wã yɩɩlã wilgda zabr yelle, tɩ nin-buiidã yaa sodaas bɩ zab-teedba. B sẽn maand tʋʋm-kãens pʋgẽ, b yãta tʋʋm-kãsemse, la b yãta zab-teed wʋsg la b yãt-b-la b zab-teedã. Rao wã yɩɩg-b-la sũ-bʋgsem la b yam-yãkr wʋsgo. Yaa karen-biis la b sẽn maand yɩɩl kãensã pʋgẽ. Rɩt-rãmbã sẽn yaa pʋg-paalã me rɩkda koom-koglg wʋsg b tʋʋm-teedẽ. Neb nins sẽn maand yɩɩrã pʋgẽ, b modgdame n maand b meng sũ-sãamsã ne b tʋlsã n wilg b sẽn tagsd to-to wã.

### Sõng-rãmb

Rɩk-y n ges-y tʋʋm a naasã yelle: *Sang (Sheng), Daan (Dan), Zing (Jing), and Cau (Chou)*

#### Sang

Yaa rao rol la Sang (生; Sheng) tʋmdẽ. Wala Sɩni wã opera a taabã, rao rolb yaa toor-toore, wala:

* **Siu2 Sang1 (小生):** sɩd-sɩd yaa kom-bɩɩga; b boondame t'a yaa karen-bi-bɩɩg.
* **Mou5 Sang1 (武生)**: yaa rao zabd sẽn maandã.
* **Siu2 Mou5 Sang1 (小武生)**: Yaa yãagã n da yaa taoor soaba, la yaa tʋʋm sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd.
* **Man4 Mou5 Sang1 (文武生)**: Yaa nin-soab sẽn tar nin-tɩrs sẽn tar minim tɩ b boond t'a karen-bi-poak sẽn tar bĩng sõma. Sẽn yɩɩd yʋʋm kobs a ye la a tãabã la a sẽn paam n tõog n yɩɩ nin-buiidã, a sẽn yaa nin-buiidã n yɩɩ ninsa: Yam Kim Fai (bãngd la pipi rogem), Loong Kim Sang (bãngda la yiib-n-soaba), Koi Ming Fai, la Lau Wai Ming (b yiibã sẽn yaa ninsa sẽn be tẽng zug wã sẽn zems yʋʋm la minimã).
* **Lou5 Sang1 (老生)**: Kãsem-paalã rol.
* **Sou1 Sang1 (鬚 生)**: B sẽn tar burã rol

#### Daan

A Daan (旦; Dan) yaa pag rolg sẽn yaa roalg. Pagb sẽn maandã la b sẽn maandã:

* **Faa1 Daan2 (花旦)**: Yaa balã "wõog" n kɩt tɩ b boond rol kãngã tɩ bi-bɩɩg sẽn yaa kãsenga.
* **Ji6 Faa1 Daan2 (二花旦)**: Yaa gom-bi-bɩɩg a yiib soaba; b boond tɩ pʋg-paalã.
* **Mou5 Daan2 (武旦)**: Yaa pag sẽn maand zabr tɩ b pa tõe n maan bũmb a to.
* **Dou1 Maa5 Daan2 (刀馬旦)**: Yaa bi-bɩɩg sẽn yaa sodaas tʋʋmde.
* **Gwai1 Mun4 Daan2 (閨門旦)**: A yɩɩ pʋg-sõng rolg soaba.
* **Lou5 Daan2 (老旦)**: Kãsem-poak rolg.

#### Zing

B mii Zing (淨; Jing) ne b neng sẽn yaa vẽenega. Naoor wʋsgo, yaa rao rãmb sẽn yaa nin-kãsems wala nin-kãsenga, sodaas-kãsemse, nin-wẽnsã, wẽnnaam dãmba, bɩ zĩn-dãmbã. Sẽn yaa pipi wã yaa:

* **Man4 Zing2 (文淨)**: yaa nin-vẽenega sẽn tar yɩɩl sẽn tar pãng n wilgdẽ tɩ yɩɩl yaa sõma.
* **Mou5 Zing2 (武淨)**: yaa nin-yend sẽn tar zʋgd sẽn wilgd tɩ b geta koe-moondb yelle.

Neb kẽer sẽn tar zut sẽn yaa vẽenema yaa:

* Zhang Fei (張飛; Zœng1 Fei1) ne Wei Yan (魏延; Ngai6 Jin4) sẽn yit *Three Humiliations of Zhou Yu* (三氣周瑜; Saam1 Hei3 Zau1 Jyu4).
* Xiang Yu (項羽; Hong6 Jyu5) sẽn yit *The Hegemon-King Bids His Concubine Farewell* (霸王別姬; Baa3 Wong4 Bit6 Gei1).
* Sun Wukong (孫悟空; Syun1 Ng6 Hung1) ne Sha Wujing (沙悟凈; Saa1 Ng6 Zing6) sẽn yit *Journey to the West* (西遊記; Sai1 Jau4 Gei3).

#### Cau

Cau (丑; Chou) wã yaa neb sẽn yaa burkĩndb. Mak-sõma kẽer yaa:

* **Cau2 Sang1 (丑生)**: Rõng sẽn yaa rao.
* **Cau2 Daan2 (丑旦)**: Pag sẽn yaa bõn-naandg.
* **Man4 Cau2 (文丑)**: Rao sẽn tar yam n tar yam n pa mi a yell ye.
* **Coi2 Daan2 (彩旦)**: Pag sẽn kʋʋl n yaa bõn-naandg.
* **Mou5 Cau2 (武丑)**: Acrobatic komedi rol.

## Neb sẽn yaa neb sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo

### Kanton Opera maan-kʋʋdb kãsems

Sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩlã yɩɩl-dãmb sẽn yaa kãsm dãmb sẽn yaa yɩɩl-daambã yaa:

| Sõng sẽn yaa sõma
 | Sɩngr sẽn yaa pipi
 | Dẽn-kãsems
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bak Sheut Sin
 | 白雪仙
 |  |
| Wong Chin Sui
 | 黃千歲
 | HKMDB
 |
| Mak Bing-wing
 | 麥炳榮
 | [28][29][30]
 |
| Sun Ma Sze Tsang
 | 新馬師曾
 |  |
| Kwan Tak Hing
 | 關德興
 |
| Luo Pinchao
 | 羅品超
 |  |
| Chan Kam-Tong
 | 陳錦棠(武狀元)
 | [31][32][33]
 |
| Yam Bing-yee
 | 任冰兒
(二幫王)

 | [35]
 |
| Lee Heung Kam
 | 李香琴
 |  |
| Lam Kar Sing
 | 林家聲(薛腔)
 | [36]
 |
| Ho Fei FanIMDb | 何非凡(凡腔)
 | [37]
 |
| Tang Bik-wan
 | 鄧碧雲(萬能旦后)
 |  |
| Leung Sing Poh
 | 梁醒波(丑生王)
 |  |
| Lang Chi Bak
 | 靚次伯(武生王)
 | [40]
 |
| Tam Lan-Hing
 | 譚蘭卿(丑旦)
 | [41][42][43]
 |
| Au Yeung KimIMDb | 歐陽儉
 | [44]
 |

Kai Tak wãbg zĩiga [zh] rɩka b kamb kamb kamb kamb n kõ b kamb kamb. [Kẽeng sẽn yaa tɩlae]

Politiki-glemdã sẽn da wa n be Hong Kong wã kɩtame tɩ yɩɩ toog wʋsg ne Kantõ opera wã. Yʋʋmd 1960 wã sɩngrẽ, ned sẽn yaa ned a ye sẽn yaa ned pa yembr n tʋmd ne a meng tʋʋm-kãnga me me me me sakame n na n kõ-a tʋʋm-kãsems zĩiga (tʋʋm-kãsemdã pʋgẽ) sẽn wõnd Yau Ma Tei teetɛɛrã sẽn be rũndã-rũndã wã, tɩ sẽn na n wa n yɩɩdã-yãadbã tõe n paam n paam kibayã. B sẽn da tʋmd ne yamleoog n get b sẽn maand woto wã yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd a Chan Kam Tong ne a pagã la neb a taab. Yʋʋm wʋsg la b paam n paam n tʋm n paam n paam ligd wʋsgo.

| Sõng sẽn yaa sõma
 | Sɩngr sẽn yaa pipi
 | Dẽn-kãsems
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Man Chin Sui\*
 | 文千歲
 |  |
| Yuen Siu Fai\*
 | 阮兆輝
 |  |
| Wong Chiu Kwan\*
 | 王超群
 |  |
| Yan Fei Yin\*
 | 尹飛燕
 |  |
| Ng May Ying\*
 | 吴美英
 |  |
| Nan Feng\*
 | 南凤
 |  |
| Law Kar-ying\*
 | 羅家英
 |  |
| Leung Hon-wai\*
 | 梁漢威
 |  |

### Pagbã n lʋɩt taoor

Yaa woto la b sẽn boond tɩ "Cantonese opera" wã pʋg-sadb sẽn yaa nin-sadb nins sẽn yaa ninã:

| Actress Name
 | Chinese
 | Notes
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fung Wong-Nui
 | 鳳凰女
 | Started performing Cantonese opera at age 13.
 |
| Law Yim-hing
 | 羅艷卿
 | Started training on Cantonese opera at age 10.
 |
| Yu Lai-Zhen
 | 余麗珍
 | Started performing Cantonese opera at age 16.
hkmdb

 |
| Ng Kwun Lai
 | 吳君麗
 |  |
| Chan Ho-Kau
 | 陳好逑
 |  |
| Chan Yim Nung
 | 陳艷儂
 | IMDb HKMDB
 |

### .Pagb sẽn gomd ne b yɩɩlã

Yaa woto la b sẽn boond tɩ "Cantonese female opera performers" wã sẽn yaa b pagb sẽn maand yɩɩlã (著名旦腔) sõore:

| Actress' Name
 | Chinese
 | Notes
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sheung Hoi-Mui
 | 上海妹(妹腔)
 | IMDb, HKMDB
 |
| Lee Suet-Fong
 | 李雪芳(祭塔腔)
 | IMDb
HKMDB

 |
| Hung Sin Nui
 | 紅線女(紅腔)
 |  |
| Fong Yim Fun
 | 芳艷芬(芳腔)
 | Fong-style or the Fong tone. HKMDB
 |
| Lee Bo-Ying
 | 李寶瑩(芳腔)
 | IMDb HKMDB
 |

### Rõndã n lʋɩt taoor

Yaa pʋg-sadb nins sẽn maand Cantonais opera wã sẽn yaa neb sẽn mi dũniyã gill zug yɩɩl la b sẽn maand yɩɩl tɩ yaa nin-rãmb n wilgdẽ. B fãa zĩnda b tãb-biisã zĩigẽ yʋʋm kobs-gĩnd wʋsgo, n tõog n yɩɩl b toorẽ tãb-biis la b tõog n yɩɩll b toorẽ yɩɩl.  (著名女文武生): [60]

| Actor's Name
 | Chinese
 | Notes
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Yam Kim Fai
 | 任劍輝(任腔)
 | Last on stage in 1969.(40 years)
 |
| Loong Kim Sang
 | 龍劍笙(任腔)
 | First time on stage in 1961.(60 years)
 |
| Koi Ming Fai
 | 蓋鳴暉
 | Finished training in 1980s. (30 years)
 |
| Lau Wai Ming
 | 劉惠鳴
 | Finished training in 1980s. (30 years)
 |
| Cecelia Lee Fung-Sing
 | 李鳳聲
 | *Not notable* |

### Rõ-pugl sẽn yaa sõma

Yaa woto la b sẽn boond tɩ "Rõ-pugli" (平喉四大天王) wã:

| Actress Name
 | Chinese
 | Notes
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tsuih Lau Seen
 | 徐柳仙(仙腔)
 | IMDb HKMDB
 |
| Siu Meng Sing
 | 小明星(星腔)
 | IMDb HKMDB
 |
| Cheung Yuet Yee
 | 張月兒
 | IMDb HKMDB
 |
| Cheung Waih Fong
 | 張惠芳
 |  |

### Bãngd a Naasã

Yaa nin-tũud sẽn yaa Kantõopẽ wã sẽn boond tɩ "Sẽn-sa-biis a naasã" (四大天王) sõor n be:

| Actor Name
 | Chinese
 |
| --- | --- |
| Sit Gok SinIMDb1IMDb2 | 薛覺先(薛腔)HKMDB |
| Ma Sze TsangIMDb1IMDb2 | 馬師曾HKMDB |
| Kwai Ming YeungIMDb | 桂名揚HKMDB |
| Bak Yuk TongIMDb1IMDb2 | 白玉堂HKMDB |

### B naan yɩɩgd a naas

Yaa nin-vɩɩs nins sẽn maand Cantonais opera wã sẽn boond tɩ "Four Super Clowns" (Cau) (四大名丑) wã sõore:

| Actor Name
 | Chinese
 |
| --- | --- |
| Boon Yat OnIMDb | 半日安HKMDB |
| Lee Hoi-Chuen
 | 李海泉
 |
| Liu Hap WaiIMDb | 廖俠懷HKMDB |
| Ye FunuoIMDb | 葉弗弱HKMDB |

## Dɩlla sẽn tõe n yã

### Dɩt-y n ges-y

Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n maan yɩɩl-kãnga, yaa tʋʋm-kãsenga. B sẽn boond tɩ "kẽeng sẽn yaa pemse la sẽn yaa miuugã" yaa b sẽn dɩkd b zug ne b sẽn tar yẽgre sẽn yaa pems la b sẽn tar sũ-miuugã sẽn gũbg b ninã n wa n wa n kẽ b wangẽ wã. Bãadã yaa wĩndg la wakat ninga b yaa zãndg. Naoor wʋsgo, pagã ne a pagã tara bĩng sẽn yaa kãenkãe n yɩɩd pagã. A ninã zugẽ, a tara zĩm-bil sẽn yaa wa a sẽn yaa a Sɩngd-rɩtgã (鳳眼; fung6 ngaan5). Fãagã yaa wa sẽn yaa wa sẽn pa yɩ to-to wã.

Pag rolã pʋgẽ, a sẽn maand a sẽn datã n maan bũmb ningã yaa n yiisd bõn-naandsã. a nengã la a nengã zug; a nengã, a nengã ne a nengã fãa zug; a ningda a nengã sẽn yaa miuug ne a nengẽ wã, a nengẽ la a nifã nens a yiibã fãa zugu; a nongda a nin-soabã la a maand a nif-rɩtse la a nengẽ-rɩtaagã; a ningd a nengã zugã a zu-loees n naan yɩ wa wa wa a sẽn yaa wa a sẽn ya wa a zu-soaba; a yeelg-a-la ne lipstick; a ningdẽ a zu-loɛɛg zug a zu-loaagã zug a zu -loeesã zugu. [68]

B sã n tall b yagensã ne b gãag n gãneg b zut n zẽk b neng wakat bilf yĩnga, b na n kɩtame tɩ b gãag b neng ne b gãaga. Woto kɩtame tɩ b ninã gãnegd n getẽ.

B fãa tara b mens modgd sẽn yaa toor-toorã: Wala makre, b sẽn boond tɩ clownã, b tar zĩ-zĩis wʋsg b nengẽ. Ned sẽn yaa bãadã tara sor sẽn yaa miuug sẽn wilgd yĩngr a nengẽ. Neb nins sẽn yaa nin-kɛglem dãmba la neb nins sẽn pa tar sũ-noog wʋsg ne b taabã rolã yaa wa b sẽn tar sʋʋg sẽn kẽed ne b nengã (英雄脂; jing1 hung4 zi1).

B sẽn yaa rao-rãmba, b rɩkda "vẽn-vẽenega" (開面; hoi1 min4) tɩbsg. Bõn-kãens fãa tara b toor-toor sẽn yaa toor-toorã, tɩ b yaa bõn-naands la b yaa ne sãnem.

### Dĩngã

Woto wilgdame tɩ b sẽn na n maan bũmb ningã yaa sõma. Sẽn paase, b yeelgdame tɩ b wilgdẽ tɩ b yaa nin-buiidã. Neb nins sẽn pa tar yõod wʋsg wa pagbã, b yeelgdame tɩ b pa tar futu sẽn yaa sõma ye, tɩ neb nins sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩd b yeelgdẽ tɩ b yaa sõma n yɩɩd b taabã.

Sẽn yaa nin-kãsems nins b sẽn yãkã (大老 ⁇) sẽn be zugã, sẽn na n yɩɩl nin-kãsenga a yoobã (b sẽn boond tɩ Sang 2, Daan 2, Zing, la Cau) wã, b segd n yaooda b mens fu-yãkrã. La wakat sẽn loog n loog n loogdẽ, b ra na n leb n kẽesda b ligd b sẽn paamd b kamb roogẽ wã, n wilg b sẽn tõog n maan to-to wã. B ra koosda yɩɩl-gʋlsdã gardõobã, wall b ra dɩkda yɩɩlã taoor soab a to sẽn wa n na n yi a yõor yaoogẽ wã.

Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n maan yɩɩl sõma, yaa tɩlae tɩ b rɩk b sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ sequin wã n maan yɩɩr ne b sẽn maand b sũ-noog wã. B sẽn da dɩkd b toorẽ modgd-kãensã n dɩkd n dɩkd b toore, b pa tar yõod wʋsg ye. Wag-yẽng zugẽ, b ra toeema b sẽn da pakd b futã ne bũmb ninsã. Yʋʋmd 1950 wã n tãag yʋʋmd 1960 wã, b ra tũnugda ne b sẽn da maand futã n naanã ne b sẽn maand-b to-to wã. Rũndã-rũndã, neb nins sẽn maandd modgdbã nong n tũnugda ne rhinestones wall foil twal (閃布). Sã n mak ne b sẽn dɩkd b sẽn da tar b sẽn da-bã, b sã n mak ne a sẽn tall b sẽn da na n maan bũmb ningã, b sãn yaa ne a sẽn maand bũmb ningã, a yaa vẽenega. La neb wʋsg sẽn yaa kʋʋl-dãmbã ket n tũnugda ne b sẽn maand yɩɩl ne b sẽn pa tõe n yã wã. B getame tɩ b na n yɩɩl-b lame. [1]

Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn maand yɩɩl-kãnga wã yaa ne b sẽn da maand to-to wã. Sẽn mik tɩ b zãmsda nebã b modgdbã modgr wɛɛngẽ, modgr modgr pa tol n tol n tol ye. Neb kẽer sẽn maand modgdbã zãmsda b zakã neb b minimã, n deegd b modgd sẽn yaa to-to. [1]

Yʋʋmd 1973 wã, a Yam Kim Fai kõ a Loong Kim Sang, a sẽn da yaa a sorã, a sẽn na n maan a karẽn-bi-kãnga taoor-lʋɩtbã yĩnga, n wilg a meng tʋʋm-naand sẽn na n yɩ a soab yʋʋmd ning sẽn wat ne wã wã Bamboo Theatre wã. [1] [2]

B sẽn da maand yɩɩl wʋsg n kõ-b tɩ b rɩk b mens n kõ-ba, wala Lam Kar Sing [36] la Ng Kwun-Lai [54] wã, b zãmsa b kamb kẽer n kõ Hong Kong Heritage Museum.

### D sã n nong n maand woto, d tõe n paama sũ-noog wʋsgo.

B sẽn tar bi-bees la b sẽn zãad ne b zoobã wilgdame tɩ b yaa nin-buiidã, b kʋʋlame, la b tõe n maan bũmb ninsã: bãngdb la nin-tũusdsã zãada bi-beese sẽn tar zĩm-biisi, la sodaasã zãada biisi, la rĩm-dãmb zãada naam-biisi. Rĩm-poakã la a kom-bi-pugli wã tara waoogr zoobg. B sã n yiis sorã bɩ b sẽn tall koglgã, wilgdame tɩ nedã yaa sẽn yaa toogo, a sũur sãamame, bɩ a segenda n bas a meng n kõ a Zeova.

Y sã n nong n zabd ne y samd-yã, y tõe n wilga y sẽn tagsd to-to wã. Wala makre, sã n wa paam n bas zabr n sãamd b sũuri, b sã n wa kõ-a-la b sãn-tũusd b sãnẽ wã, b wilgdame tɩ b sũur sãamame. Pag rolã wɛɛngẽ, burã rat n yeelame tɩ yaa pʋg-sadba, tɩ pag sẽn kẽ kãadem yaool n tar 'dai tau' (Zĩn-yẽenega: 低頭).

La b sẽn da wa n gomd a Zhao Yun ne a Lü Bu yell n gomd a sẽn da tar a zoobã ne a sẽn da yaa a Zhao Yuni wã, b wilgame tɩ a Zhao yunã ne a Lü bu wã ra tara zoobã sẽn da tar fʋs-n-tɩrga.

## Dɩlla sẽn yaa sõma

### Sõng buud

Neb nins sẽn gomd Biiblã yell wã wilgda vẽeneg tɩ yɩɩl la gom-biis pa yembr ye. B gomda b toor-toor: b yembr yaa wa sẽn yaa ne gom-biis sẽn yaa Cantonaisã, tɩ a to wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma la sẽn yaa sõma; kẽer yaa instrumental sẽn pa tar to-to, tɩ kẽer yaa toor-to-to-toor ne taab n tʋmd tʋʋm toor-toorã, tɩ kẽer me yaa sẽn tõe n maan bũmb toor-toor sẽn yaa sõma.

Kantõn opera wã tũnugda ne Mandarin bɩ Guān Huà (Kantõn: Gun1 Waa6/2) sẽn yaa wakat ning b sẽn na n maan tʋʋm ne goosneema, naam-naabã, bɩ sodaasã. A leb n kɩtdame tɩ nebã pa mi gom-biis nins sẽn yaa gɩdgr bɩ sẽn pa zems ne Wẽnnaam noyã ye. A tõe n yãka yam n na n gom Mandarin buud-gomdã buud fãa, la pĩnd wẽndẽ Zhongzhōu (Zhongzhou; Jyutping: Zung1 Zau1) buud-gomd la b tũnugd ne wã. Zhongzhōu beẽd a Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn be Henan soolmẽ wã. Guān Huà ket n tara Mandarin buud-goam wʋsg sɩngre, la a tũnugda ne Sɩngr-yẽngr la ko-kẽengr sẽn yit Sɩngr sʋka. Wala makre, gom-biis nins sẽn yaa 張 la 將 wã b gomda wa /tsœːŋ ⁇ / (Jyutping: zœng1) sẽn yaa modem Kantoneese, la b gomda wa/tʂɑŋ ⁇ / sẽn yaa pinyin: zhāng) la /tɕiɑŋ˥˥/ sẽn yaa pinyain: jiāng) sẽn yaa operã Guān Huà pʋgẽ. Sẽn paase, gom-biig ning sẽn yaa 金 wã yaa /kɐm˥˥ / (Jyutping: gam1) sẽn gomd Cantone wã pʋgẽ, la /tɕin˥˥/ (pinyin: jīn) sẽn gomd Mandarin buud-goamẽ wã pʋgẽ, tɩ Opera wã pʋgẽ, Guān Huà na n tũnug ne /kim˥˥/ (Pinyin: gīm). La b sã n gomd Mandarinã, b mi n tũnugda ne Cantõn goama. Wala makre, "to leave" command yaa 下去 la b gʋlsda a /saː˨˨ tsʰɵy˧˧/ Opera Guān Huà pʋgẽ, n makd a /haː˨˨ hɵy˧˧ / (Jyutping: haa6 heoi3) sẽn yaa Cantonais rũndã-rũndã wã, la a /ɕi̯ɑ˥˩ tɕʰy˩/ sẽn yaa Mandarin buud-gomdã pʋgẽ.

### D yɩɩl

Kanton opera tʋʋm b sẽn boond tɩ "teatral" bɩ "tɩɩr yɩɩl" (歌壇) wã. Yɩɩll ning sẽn yaa filimã sẽn yaa to-to wã yaa Western (西樂) la Chinese (中樂). Baa ne "bãngr-goamdã" sẽn yaa buud-goam nins sẽn be tẽns a taab pʋsẽ wã, b tõe n yɩɩla ne buud-goams nins sẽn be dũniyã gill zugã. "Bɩt-ne-bɛd nins sẽn yaa yɩɩl-dãmb" (四大平喉) fãa ra yaa pʋg-sadb la yɩɩl-daabã sẽn da yaa sõma yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã sɩngrẽ.

Kanton opera wã pʋgẽ, yɩɩl nins sẽn be Zapõ-rãmbã wã yaa ne tãns, tãns, la tãnsãas-kãsemse. B gʋlsda yɩɩl-kãnga tɩ zems ne yɩɩl-gãongã; baa yɩɩl a yembr sã n tõe n tar yɩɩl-goam wʋsgo, yɩɩl-tũudbã tõe n paasda b meng bõn-kãsemse. Sẽn na yɩl tɩ yɩɩlã yɩ sõma, yaa ned ning sẽn maand yɩɩlã sẽn segd n maan to-to wã n wilg a sẽn tõe n maan to - to wã.

### Dɩt-d-d-la yɩɩl

Sẽn deng n wa n zĩnd yʋʋmd 1949 wã, b ra boondẽd-b lame tɩ ching yam. Kantonẽ wã yɩɩl nins b sẽn gʋlsã b tũnugda ne yɩɩl nins sẽn yaa instrumental yɩɩl sẽn yaa b sẽn maand to-to wã n sɩng yʋʋmd 1930 wã.

Kanton kʋdemdã pʋgẽ, b tũnugda ne tʋʋm-teed tɩ b bãngẽ tɩ yaa tẽns nins sẽn be tẽnsẽ la tẽns nins sẽn yaa be tẽnsẽ wã n kɩt tɩ b tũnugd ne yɩɩdã. Yaa rẽ yĩng la a Kantõ wã yaa zĩig ning pipi sẽn zĩnd Sɩtẽ wã sẽn da na n zĩndd ne tẽns nins sẽn be Zapõ wã tɩ b tall zood ne-ba. Sẽn paase, sẽn da yaa Britãni wã soolmã sasa, Zĩ-rãmbã ra tara pãng wʋsg Hong Kong zugu. Rẽ n kɩt tɩ b bãng tɩ yɩɩl nins sẽn be Kantõ wã yaa tẽns a taab sẽn be Zapẽ wã.

Wala makre, b sẽn tũnug ne erhu (bi-bi-biig a yiib) ne saxofon, gitaar la kongas wã wilgdame tɩ yɩɩl-bɛd nins sẽn be Cantonais opera wã yaa toor-toore.

B pʋɩta yɩɩl-kãsemsã ne yɩɩl-kẽem la b pʋɩta tãnsãb-kãsemse.

Yɩɩll-dãmb nins b sẽn tũnugd ne Cantõ wã yɩɩnda pʋgẽ wã yaa wa rũmsã, tãnsã, la b sẽn boond tɩ perkusyõ. B sẽn da wa n gomd bũmb ning b sẽn maandã, b yeelame tɩ b yaa b sẽn na n maan bũmb ning b sã n wa maan bũmb ning sẽn pa zemsã. B sẽn da wa n na n yɩɩl ne b yɩɩlã, b ra yaa b sẽn na n yɩɩdã. A sẽn yaa sodaas sẽn maand b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã, a tũnugda ne suona wã.

Kanton opera instrumentã sullã koosda pʋ-bɩɩs a yiibu: melodi wã la perkusy wã. B sẽn boond tɩ "lo gu dim" (⁇ 鼓點) bɩ "lo gu" (⁇ 吹) wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn yaa toor fasɩ. "Bɩ b maan bũmb wʋsg n tõog n maan bũmb a taab n tõog n tõog n kõ-b pãng".

Y sã n dat n bãng fotã la y kelg instrumentã sẽn gomd to-to wã, bɩ y ges seb-neng 1 la 2 wã.

## Sõng-n-taase

Yaa gom-biis nins b sẽn tũnugd ne wʋsg n gomd b yelle:

* **Fãsãndpiisã** (雉雞尾; Kantoneese: Ci4 Gai1 Mei5): B ningda a sɩlemdã a mou (武) tʋʋm pʋgẽ, la b tũnugda ne-a n wilg a nin-buiidã minim la b sẽn tõe n wilg b sẽn maand to-to. B paka b mens ne pagb.

* **Ko-kãnga** (水袖; Kantone: Seoi2 Zau6): Yaa tãns sẽn yaa zãad sẽn tõe n yɩg n yɩg wa koomã, tɩ b tũnugd ne-b n sõng tɩ b maan sũ-sãamsã la b wilg b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã.
* **Sõngã sẽn maandã** (手動作; Kantone: Sau2 Dung6 Zok3): A nugã ne a nugã sẽn maandã wilgda yɩɩlã la a sẽn maand to-to wã. Pagbã zãada b nus ne "lotus" sẽn yaa sõma (荷花手; Kantone: Ho4 Faa1 Sau2).
* **Zĩng-n-taab/kẽn** (圓臺; Kantonese: Jyun4 Toi4): Sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩtd tɩ b tõe n maan yɩɩl wʋsg Kantõ wã, yaa kẽndã sẽn yaa toog wʋsg tɩ b tõog n bãng. Pagbã maanda bũmb sẽn yaa bilf wʋsgo, n zẽk b yĩngã n kɩt tɩ b tagsdẽ tɩ b pa beẽ ye. Rɩt-rãmbã maanda yɛl sẽn yaa kãsenga, tɩ rẽ rat n yeelame tɩ b kẽnda yɩɩga. Neb nins sẽn maand yɩɩlã sã n wa beẽ wã, b pa maand woto ye.
* **Bã-bãoos** (高靴; Kantone: Gou1 Hœ1): Yaa b sẽn tar sobg sẽn yaa zũnd ne sobg sẽn ya pemse, tɩ tõe n gɩdg ned t'a pa kẽnd ye
* **GwoWai** (過位; Kantone: Gwo3 Wai 6/2): Yaa woto, tɩ b sẽn maand yɩɩlã, b maand b sẽn tõe n maan to-to n kẽng taoor.
* **DeoiMuk** (對目; Kantone: Deoi3 Muk6): Sõng-kãngã pʋgẽ, ned a yiib sẽn maand yɩɩlã kẽnda zĩ-gũud sẽn tik taab n yaool n lebg n wa b zĩigẽ.
* **"Bõnd sẽn digd tãensã"** (拉山; Kantonese: Laai1 Saan1) la "Sõnd sẽn tar sa-gãmse" (雲手; Kantonse: Wan4 Sau2): Woto yaa nusã la b nugã sẽn maandã. Yaa woto la Sɩni wã opera wã fãa pʋgẽ. Sẽn paase, b rɩkda modgr kãngã n maand b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã fãa.
* B sẽn maand woto wã, b paama b sẽn dat n maan to-to wã: Yaa tɩlɛ tɩ b rɩkd-a n kẽnd wakat fãa.
* A sẽn na n yɩ a soabã, a na n yɩɩ a soabã: Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, a sẽn maandã sã n wa kẽnd n pa kẽndã, a paasa a sẽn maand bũmb ningã.
* B sẽn da maand woto wã yaa: A sã n wa maan zĩ-vʋʋg bɩ?
* Dẽn-kãnga sẽn yaa wa b sẽn boond tɩ "dẽn-kãnsã": B sẽn maand woto wã wilgdame tɩ b sũur sãamame, la b sũur sãamda wʋsgo.
* B sẽn da pa tõe n paam n paam n bãng b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã: B sẽn da pakd b gãongã yaa wa fu-rɩll. Bõn-buud sẽn yaa miuug n be a rao zugã wilgdame t'a kẽe kãadem.
* B sẽn da maand woto wã, b ra pa tõe n maan bũmb sẽn yaa sõma ye: Neb nins sẽn maand yɩɩlã wẽnda b sã n wa n wẽed bugum n kẽnd n dɩkd b sã n na n kẽed wedã.
* **Sifu** (師傅; Kantone: Si1 Fu6/2): Sẽn yaa lebendã, yaa gom-bi-kãseng n wilgd ned sẽn maand yɩɩl ne a karen-saam-dãmb sẽn tar minim tɩ b karen-biisã, karen-bi-bɩɩsã, la kom-bɩɩs nins sẽn maand yɩɩlã zãmsda b karen-biisã.

## Ges-y me

* Cantopop
* Red Boat Opera Company
* Music of China
* Music of Hong Kong
* Culture of Hong Kong
* Hong Kong Heritage Museum
* Chinese Artists Association of Hong Kong

## Sõng-n-taase

* Bay Area Cantonese Opera
* More Cantonese Opera Artists
* Can You Hear Me?: The Female Voice and Cantonese Opera in the San Francisco Bay Area at The Scholar and Feminist Online (via archive.org) (original at barnard.edu)

## Sebtiise