# നെരിൻ

**ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം**

| നെരിൻ |
| --- |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Genus: | **Nerine** |
| Type species |
| *Nerine sarniensis* (L.) Herb. |
| Species |
| *See text* |
| Synonyms |
| * *Imhofia* Heist., *nom. rej.*
* *Galatea* Herb., *nom. nud.*
* *Laticoma* Raf.
* *Elisena* M.Roem., *nom. illeg.*
* *Loxanthes* Salisb.
 |

അമരില്ലിഡേസി കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ ഉപവിഭാഗമായ അമറില്ലിഡോയിഡേയിലെ പൂച്ചെടികളുടെ ഒരു ജനുസ്സാണ് **നെരിൻ** / nɪraɪniː / (നെരിൻസ്, ഗ്യൂൺസെയ് ലില്ലി, ജേഴ്സി ലില്ലി, സ്പൈഡർ ലില്ലി). ബൾബസ് വിഭാഗത്തിൽപ്പെട്ട ചിരസ്ഥായികളായ ഇവ പാറകൾ നിറഞ്ഞതും, വരണ്ട ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഗോളാകൃതിയിലുള്ള പൂക്കുലകളിൽ വെള്ള മുതൽ പിങ്ക് വരെയും ക്രിംപ്സൻ നിറത്തിലും ഷേഡുകൾ ഉള്ള ലില്ലി പോലുള്ള പൂക്കളെ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇലപൊഴിയും വനങ്ങളിൽ, ഇലകൾ വളരുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് തന്നെ പൂക്കൾ തണ്ടിൽ പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്ക സ്വദേശികളായ 20-30 ഇനം സ്പീഷീസുകൾ ഈ ജീനസിലുണ്ട്. കാഴ്ചയിൽ ലില്ലിപൂക്കളെപ്പോലെയാണെങ്കിലും അവ യഥാർത്ഥ ലില്ലി (ലിലിയേസി) യുമായി യാതൊരു ബന്ധവുമില്ല മറിച്ച് ലില്ലിയുടെ ബന്ധുക്കളായ അമാരില്ലസ്, ലൈക്കോറിയസ് എന്നിവയോട് സാദൃശ്യമുള്ളതാണ്. 1820-ൽ റവഡ് വില്യം ഹെർബർട്ട് ആണ് ഈ ജീനസ് നിലവിൽ കൊണ്ടുവന്നത്.

#### സ്പീഷീസ് ലിസ്റ്റ്

* Groups A, B and C. Narrow-leafed and evergreen, 18.0–24.6 pg DNA per nucleus
	+ Group A Absent filamentous appendages, glabrous pedicels, 18 pg DNA
		- *Nerine gaberonensis* Bremek. & Oberm. – Botswana to Northern Cape Province
		- *Nerine rehmannii* (Baker) L.Bolus – Northern Cape Province to Swaziland
		- *Nerine marincowitzii* Snijman – South west of Cape Province (summer growing)
	+ Group B Absent filamentous appendages, hairy pedicels, 20–22 pg DNA
		- *Nerine filamentosa* W.F.Barker – Eastern Cape Province
		- *Nerine filifolia* Baker – Eastern Cape Province
		- *Nerine pancratioides* Baker – KwaZulu-Natal
		- *Nerine platypetala* McNeil – Mpumalanga
	+ Group C Filamentous appendages, hairy pedicels, 22–25 pg DNA
		- *Nerine angustifolia* (Baker) W.Watson – South Africa
		- *Nerine appendiculata* Baker – South east of Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal
		- *Nerine frithii* L.Bolus – South Africa
		- *Nerine gibsonii* K.H.Douglas – Eastern Cape Province
		- *Nerine gracilis* R.A.Dyer – Northern Cape Province
		- *Nerine masoniorum* L.Bolus – Eastern Cape Province
* Group D. Broad-leafed deciduous winter growing, 25.3–26.2 pg DNA. Absent filamentous appendages, glabrous pedicels
	+ *Nerine humilis* (Jacq.) Herb. – Cape Province
	+ *Nerine pudica* Hook.f. – South west Cape Province
	+ *Nerine ridleyi* E.Phillips – South west of Cape Province
	+ *Nerine sarniensis* (L.) Herb. – South west of Cape Province *Type species*
* Group E. Broad-leafed deciduous summer growing, 26.8–35.3 pg DNA. Absent filamentous appendages, glabrous pedicels
	+ *Nerine bowdenii* W.Watson – Eastern Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal
	+ *Nerine duparquetiana* (Baill.) Baker (sparse pedicel hair)
	+ *Nerine krigei* W.F.Barker – Zimbabwe to Northern Cape Province
	+ *Nerine laticoma* (Ker Gawl.) T.Durand & Schinz – Southern Zimbabwe to Northern Cape Province
		- *Nerine huttoniae* Schönland – Eastern Cape Province
	+ *Nerine pusilla* Dinter – East and central Namibia (narrow-leafed, sparse pedicel hair))
	+ *Nerine undulata* (L.) Herb. – Eastern Cape Province (winter and summer growing)
* Other (not accessed)
	+ *Nerine hesseoides* L.Bolus – Northern Cape Province to Free State
	+ *Nerine transvaalensis* L.Bolus – Northern Cape Province

### മറ്റ് ജനീറകളിലേയ്ക്ക് നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ

* *Nerne aurea* (syn. *Lycoris aurea*)

### സങ്കരയിനം

*Nerine* hybrids, along with the parent species, where known, are the following:

* *Nerine* × *allenii* auct.
* *Nerine* × *excellens* T.Moore = *N. humilis* × *N. undulata*
* *Nerine* × *mansellii* O'Brien ex Baker = *N. flexuosa* × *N. sarniensis*
* *Nerine* × *mutabilis* O'Brien
* *Nerine* × *stricklandii* auct. = *N. pudica* × *N. sarniensis*
* *Nerine* × *traubianthe* Moldenke = *N. filifolia* × *N.* 'Rosalba'
* *Nerine* × *versicolor* Herb. = *N. sarniensis* × *N. undulata* – Cape Province

Some *Nerine* species have been used to produce a hybrid with members of the genus *Amaryllis*, which are included in the hybrid genus (nothogenus) × *Amarine*. One of these hybrids is × *Amarine tubergenii* Sealy, which comes from a cross between *Amaryllis belladonna* and *Nerine bowdenii*.

## ചിത്രശാല

Figure 2. Other species* A. *N. angulata*
* B. *N. bowdwnii*
* C. *N. humilis*
* D. *N. mansellii*
* E. *N. undulata*

## അവലംബം

## പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ=

* Byng, James W. (2014). *The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world*. Plant Gateway Ltd. ISBN 9780992999315. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Coombes, Allen J. (2012). *The A to Z of plant names*. USA: Timber Press. p. 312. ISBN 9781604691962. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Dahlgren, R.M.; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985). *The families of the monocotyledons*. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-64903-5. Retrieved 10 February 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Dimitri, M. (1987). *Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería. Tomo I. Descripción de plantas cultivadas* (in സ്‌പാനിഷ്). Buenos Aires: Editorial ACME S.A.C.I. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Duncan, Graham D (2002). *Grow Nerines: a guide to the species, cultivation and propagation of the genus Nerine*. Claremont, South Africa: National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch. ISBN 978-1919684338.
* Dyer, R. Allen (1975). *The genera of Southern African flowering plants: Flora of southern Africa* (3d ed.). Pretoria: Dept. of Agricultural Technical Services. ISBN 9780621028546. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Glen, H.F. (2002). *Cultivated plants of southern Africa : botanical names, common names, origins, literature*. Johannesburg: Jacana. ISBN 9781919931173.
* Kubitzki, K., ed. (1998). *The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3*. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-64060-6. `{{cite book}}`: Cite has empty unknown parameter: `|1=` (help); Invalid `|ref=harv` (help); Unknown parameter `|editorlink=` ignored (`|editor-link=` suggested) (help)
* RHS (2008). *RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants*. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* *Sunset Western Garden Book* (6th ed.). Menlo Park, Calif.: Sunset Pub. Corp. 1995. pp. 606–607. ISBN 978-0376038517.

### ലേഖനങ്ങൾ, സിമ്പോസിയങ്ങൾ, തിസിഷനുകൾ

* APG IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **181** (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. Retrieved 13 June 2016. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Brown, Natalie Ruth (October 1999). *The Reproductive Biology of Nerine (Amaryllidaceae)* (Thesis). University of Tasmania. `{{cite thesis}}`: `|format=` requires `|url=` (help); Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
	+ Volume 1/2
	+ Volume 2/2
* David, John. "The *Nerine bowdenii* story". pp. 31–41. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|url=` (help), in RHS (2008a)
* David, John (2012). "James Douglas's A Description of the Guernsey Lilly with a modern Commentary and bibliography by Dr Helen Brock" (Book review). `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help), in NAAS (2016)
* Duncan, Graham D (2002). "The genus *Nerine*". *Bulbs*. **4** (1): 9–15.
* Duncan, Graham D. "The distribution, habitat and conservation status of the species of *Nerine*". pp. 22–31. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|url=` (help), in RHS (2008a)
* Germishuizen, G, ed. (June 2009). "Flowering Plants of Africa" (PDF). **61**. Pretoria, RSA: SANBI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2018-04-24. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help) (see also Flowering Plants of Africa)
* Goldblatt, Peter (1972). "Chromosome cytology in relation to classification in *Nerine* and *Brunsvigia* (Amaryllidaceae)". *J. S. African Bot.* **38**: 261–275. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Meerow, Alan W.; Snijman, Deirdre A. (December 2001). "Phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae Tribe Amaryllideae Based on nrDNA ITS Sequences and Morphology". *American Journal of Botany*. **88** (12): 2321–2330. doi:10.2307/3558392. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Norris, C.A. (1974). "The genus Nerine". *Bull. of the Nerine Soc. Part II*. **6**: 7–31. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Snijman, D. A.; Linder, H. P. (1996). "Phylogenetic Relationships, Seed Characters, and Dispersal System Evolution in Amaryllideae (Amaryllidaceae)". *Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden*. **83** (3): 362–386. doi:10.2307/2399866. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Traub, H. P. (1967). "Review of the genus *Nerine* Herb". *Plant Life*. **23**: Sup. 3–32. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Zonneveld, B. J. M.; Duncan, G. D. (March 2006). "Genome size for the species of *Nerine* Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) and its evident correlation with growth cycle, leaf width and other morphological characters". *Plant Systematics and Evolution*. **257** (3–4): 251–260. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0381-x. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* RHS (2008a). "Report of the Proceedings of a Hardy Nerine Study Day" (PDF). RHS Herbaceous Plant Committee and the Nerine & Amaryllid Society. Retrieved 14 November 2016. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

### സ്പീഷീസ്

* Duncan, Graham D. (September 2014). "792. *Nerine bowdenii* subsp. *wellsii*". *Curtis's Botanical Magazine*. **31** (3): 223–237. doi:10.1111/curt.12076.
* Dold, Tony; McMaster, Cameron (2004). "*Nerine gibsonii*" (PDF). *Veld & Flora*. **90** (3): 102–105. Retrieved 15 November 2016. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Duncan, Graham D. (November 2009). "648. *Nerine humilis*". *Curtis's Botanical Magazine*. **26** (3): 200–209. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8748.2009.01650.x.
* Duncan, Graham (June 2016). "830. *Nerine laticoma* subsp. *huttoniae*". *Curtis's Botanical Magazine*. **33** (2): 114–124. doi:10.1111/curt.12139. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Dold, Tony; Cloete, Elize; Weeks, Dez (2000). "The nerine from Misty Mount: The conservation status of *Nerine masoniorum* in the Eastern Cape". *Veld & Flora*. **86** (4): 168–169. Retrieved 15 November 2016. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Duncan, Graham D.; Craib, C.L.; Condy, G. (June 2009). "2245. *Nerine pancratioides*" (PDF). *Flowering Plants of Africa*. **61**: 34–41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
* Craib, C.L. (1996). "*Nerine platypetala*: habitat studies and cultivation". *Herbertia*. **51**: 68–73. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Duncan, Graham D. (September 2005). "533. *Nerine pusilla*". *Curtis's Botanical Magazine*. **22** (3): 169–175. doi:10.1111/j.1355-4905.2005.00485.x.

### വെബ്സൈറ്റുകൾ

* Titchmarsh, Alan (11 October 2014). "October stunner: Alan Titchmarsh's tips for growing nerines in your garden". *Daily Express*. Retrieved 13 November 2016. `{{cite news}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* "PlantZAfrica". SANBI. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
* TPL (September 2013). "The Plant List: a working list of all known plant species. Version: 1.1". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 2019-05-23. Retrieved 2018-04-24.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
* Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M.; Zizka, G. (2014). "*Nerine*". *African plants – a Photo Guide*. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. `{{cite book}}`: Unknown parameter `|lastauthoramp=` ignored (`|name-list-style=` suggested) (help)

#### സംഘടനകൾ

* IBS (2013). "International Bulb Society". Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
	+ Saunders, Rachel; Saunders, Rod. "Nerines In South Africa: A Primer". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013., in IBS (2013)
* MBG. "Missouri Botanical Garden". Retrieved 7 October 2016.
	+ Stevens, P.F. (2016) [2001], *Angiosperm Phylogeny Website*, Missouri Botanical Garden, retrieved 10 October 2016 `{{citation}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* NAAS. "The Nerine and Amaryllid Society". Founded 1997, previously Nerine Society, founded 1966. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
* "Pacific Bulb Society Wiki". Pacific Bulb Society. 2016.
	+ "Nerine"., in PBS (2016)
* RBG. "Royal Botanic Gardens Kew". Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
	+ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
* RHS (2015). "Royal Horticultural Society". Retrieved 19 June 2015. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

## പുറം കണ്ണികൾ

* Flora of Zimbabwe