# നാർസിസസ് (സസ്യം)

**ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം**

| *നാർസിസസ്* Temporal range: Late Oligocene – Recent |
| --- |
|  |
| *Narcissus poeticus* |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Embryophytes |
| *Clade*: | ട്രക്കിയോഫൈറ്റ് |
| *Clade*: | Spermatophytes |
| *Clade*: | സപുഷ്പി |
| *Clade*: | ഏകബീജപത്രസസ്യങ്ങൾ |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | അമരില്ലിഡേസി |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Genus: | *Narcissus* L. |
| Type species |
| *Narcissus poeticus* L. |
| Subgenera |
|
See text. |

കളിക്കുന്ന സ്ഥലത്തിനു സമീപം വെളുത്ത നാർസിസസിന്റെ ഒരു വയൽ
അമരില്ലിഡേസി (അമരില്ലിസ്) കുടുംബത്തിലെ വസന്തകാല വാർഷികസസ്യങ്ങളിലെ ഒരു ജീനസാണ് **നാർസിസസ്.ഡാഫോഡിൽ ഡാഫാഡൗൺഡില്ലി, ജോൺക്വിൽ** എന്നിവയെല്ലാം സാധാരണനാമങ്ങളാണ്. പൂക്കൾ സാധാരണയായി വെളുത്തതോ മഞ്ഞയോ ആകാം ( ഓറഞ്ച് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ പിങ്ക് ഗാർഡൻ ഇനങ്ങൾ),

*N. poeticus*. Thomé: *Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz* (1885) 1. Longitudinal section, 2. Anthers, 3. Stigma, 4. Cross section of ovary

Floral diagramFrom centre outwards: Trilocular ovary, 6 stamens, corona, perianth

|  |
| --- |
| Floral formula |
| Br ✶ ☿ P3+3+Corona A3+3 G(3)

Bracteate, Actinomorphic, Bisexual Perianth: 6 tepals in 2 whorls of 3 Stamens: 2 whorls of 3 Ovary: Superior – 3 fused carpels |

## ഇതും കാണുക

* Daffodil (disambiguation)
* Glossary of botanical terms
* List of Narcissus species
* List of Narcissus horticultural divisions
* List of AGM narcissus – Narcissus cultivars given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit
* Narcissus (disambiguation)
* Narcissus in culture
* Orange trumpet
* Taxonomy of Narcissus

## അവലംബം

## ഗ്രന്ഥസൂചിക

### General

#### Antiquity

* Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder) (1856). Bostock, John; Riley, H. T. (eds.). *Natural History Book XXI (Volume Four)*. London: Henry G Bohn. Retrieved 3 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder) (1906). Mayhoff, Karl Friedrich Theodor (ed.). "Naturalis Historia". *Perseus Digital Library*. Retrieved 3 October 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Vergilius Maro, Publius (Virgil) (1770). Davidson, Joseph (ed.). *The Works of Virgil: Translated Into English Prose, as Near the Original as the Different Idioms of the Latin and English Languages Will Allow & etc* (5 ed.). London: J Beecroft et al. Retrieved 27 September 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Pausanias (1918). Jones, W.H.S. (ed.). "Description of Greece". *Perseus Digital Library*. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. Retrieved 19 October 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Dioscuridis Anazarbei, Pedanii (1906). Wellman, Max (ed.). *De materia medica libri quinque. Volume II*. Berlin: Apud Weidmannos. Retrieved 20 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Theophrastus (1916) [4th century BC]. Hort, Arthur (ed.). *Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία* [*Enquiry into Plants*]. Vol. ii. London and New York: William Heinemann and G.P. Putnam's Sons: Loeb Classical Library. ISBN 0-674-99077-3. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Theocritus; Bion; Moschus (1880). Lang, Andrew (ed.). *Theocritus, Bion and Moschus rendered into English prose*. London: Macmillan. Retrieved 8 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Moschus (1919). "Εὐρώπη". In Edmonds, John Maxwell (ed.). *Moschus. The Greek Bucolic Poets* (Perseus Digital Library ed.). London: William Heinemann. Retrieved 8 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

#### നവോത്ഥാനം =

* Turner, William (1551). Chapman, George T. L.; Tweddle, Marilyn N.; McCombie, Frank (eds.). *William Turner, a New Herball Parts II and III* (1995 reprint. Original at Rare Book Room Spread 188). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521445493. Retrieved 2 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); External link in ``|format=`` (help); Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Clusius, Carolus (1576). *Atrebat Rariorum alioquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum historia: libris duobus expressas*. Antwerp: Plantinus. Retrieved 5 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Camerarius, Joachim (The Younger) (1588). *Hortus medicus et philosophicus: In quo plurimorum stirpium breves descriptiones*. Frankfurt: S. Feyerabend, H. Dack, & P. Fischer. Retrieved 10 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* de l'Obel, Matthias (1591). *Icones stirpium*. Antwerp. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
* Gerard, John (1597). *The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes*. London: John Norton. Retrieved 26 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Besler, Basilius (1613). *Hortus Eystettensis, sive, Diligens et accurata omnium plantarum, florum, stirpium : ex variis orbis terrae partibus, singulari studio collectarum, quae in celeberrimis viridariis arcem episcopalem ibidem cingentibus, olim conspiciebantur delineatio et ad vivum repraesentatio et advivum repraesentatio opera*. Nuremberg. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.45339. Retrieved 10 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Parkinson, John (1629). *Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris: Or A Garden of All Sorts of Pleasant Flowers which our English Ayre will Permitt to be Noursed Vp. With a Kitchen Garden of All Manner of Herbes, Rootes, & Fruites, for Meate or Sause Vsed with Vs, and an Orchard of All Sorte of Fruitbearing Trees and Shrubbes Fit for Our Land. Together with the Right Orderinge, Planting & Preserving of Them and Their Uses and Vertues Collected by Iohn Parkinson Apothecary of London*. London: Printed by Hvmfrey Lownes and Robert Yovng at the Signe of the Starre on Bread-Street Hill. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7100. Retrieved 29 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Lauremberg, Peter (1632). *Apparatus plantarius: de plantis bulbosis et de plantis tuberosis* (in Latin). Frankfurt: Matthias Merian. Retrieved 24 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

### പതിനെട്ടാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് =

* Miller, Philip (1735). *The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit and flower garden, as also the physick garden, wilderness, conservatory, and vineyard* (Abridged ed.). London: Rivington. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.28437. Retrieved 27 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Linnaeus, Carl (1753). *Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas*. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 13 October 2016. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help) see also Species Plantarum
* Hale, Thomas (1757). Hill, John (ed.). *Eden, or, A compleat body of gardening : containing plain and familiar directions for raising the several useful products of a garden, fruits, roots, and herbage, from the practice of the most successful gardeners, and the result of a long experience*. London: Osborne. Retrieved 3 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* van Kampen et fils, Nicolas (1760). *Traité des fleurs à oignons: contenant tout ce qui est nécessaire pour les bien cultiver, fondé sur une expérience de plusieurs années* (in ഫ്രഞ്ച്). Harlem: Bohn. Retrieved 26 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help) *translated into English as* (van Kampen & Son 1764)
* van Kampen & Son, Nicolas (1764). *The Dutch florist, or, True method of managing all sorts of flowers with bulbous roots* (translated (Harrison) from French: (van Kampen et fils 1760)) (2 ed.). London: Baldwin. Retrieved 26 December 2014. Next to the Hyacinths, Tulips, Ranunculuses, and Anemones, of which we have treated already, the *Polyanthus Narcissus* holds the first place and demands our chief attention `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Justice, James (1771). *The British gardener's new director : chiefly adapted to the climate of the northern counties: directing the necessary works in the kitchen, fruit and pleasure gardens, and in the nursery, greenhouse, and stove* (5 ed.). Dublin: Exshaw. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.26951. Retrieved 27 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Maddock, James (1792). *The florist's directory : or, A treatise on the culture of flowers ; to which is added a supplementary dissertation on soils, manures, &c*. London: B. White & Sons. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.16498. Retrieved 26 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

#### പത്തൊൻപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്

* Perthensis, Encyclopaedia (1806). "Narcissus". *Encyclopaedia Perthensis; or, Universal dictionary of Knowledge vol. 25*. Perth. pp. 565–566. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
* Linné, Carl von (1784). Murray, Johann Andreas (ed.). *Systema vegetabilium (14th edition of Systema Naturae)*. Typis et impensis Jo. Christ. Dieterich. Retrieved 3 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Brown, Robert (1810). *Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum*. London: Taylor. Retrieved 30 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* De Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1815a). *Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse ; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la botanique* (vol. III) (3 ed.). Paris: Desray. Retrieved 29 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* De Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1815b). *Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse ; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la botanique* (vol. V) (3 ed.). Paris: Desray. Retrieved 29 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Redouté, Pierre Joseph; De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1805–1808). *Les liliacées*. Paris: Redouté. Retrieved 1 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* A. P. de Candolle (1813). *Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux*. Retrieved 5 February 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Wilkes, John, ed. (1819). "Narcissus". *Encyclopaedia Londinensis vol. 16*. London. pp. 576–580. Retrieved 2 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Anonymous (1823). "Narcissus". *Flora Domestica, Or, The Portable Flower-garden : with Directions for the Treatment of Plants in Pots and Illustrations From the Works of the Poets*. London: Taylor and Hessey. pp. 264–269. Retrieved 21 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help) *Later attributed to Elizabeth Kent and Leigh Hunt*.
* Linnaeus, Carl (1829). Schultes, Josef August; Schultes, Julius Hermann (eds.). *Systema vegetabilium*. Stuttgardt: J. G. Cottae. Retrieved 25 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Herbert, William (1837). *Amaryllidaceae: Preceded by an Attempt to Arrange the Monocotyledonous Orders, and Followed by a Treatise on Cross-bred Vegetables, and Supplement*. London: Ridgway. Retrieved 20 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Curtis, Thomas, ed. (1839). "Narcissus". *London Encyclopaedia vol. 15*. London. pp. 449–451. Retrieved 27 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Spach, Edouard (1846). *Histoire naturelle des végétaux: Phanérogames* (vol 12). Paris: Roret. Retrieved 20 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Burnett, M. A. (1850). "Narcissus angustifolius". *Plantae utiliores: or illustrations of useful plants, employed in the arts and medicine, Part VIII*. London: Whittaker. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
* Wilkinson, Caroline Catharine, Lady (1858). *Weeds and wild flowers : their uses, legends, and literature*. London: J. Van Voorst. Retrieved 26 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Salisbury, Richard Anthony; Gray, J. E. (1866). *The Genera of Plants* (Unpublished fragment.). Retrieved 26 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Prior, Richard Chandler Alexander (1870). *On the popular names of British Plants, being an explanation of the origin and meaning of the names of our indigenous and most commonly cultivated species* (2 ed.). London: Williams & Norgate. Retrieved 6 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Earley, W (1877). "The Narcissus". *The Villa Gardener vol. 7 (December)*. London. pp. 394–396. Retrieved 8 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Ellacombe, Henry Nicholson (1884). *The Plant-lore & Garden-craft of Shakespeare* (2 ed.). London: W Satchell and Co. Retrieved 26 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

#### ഇരുപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്

* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Daffodil" . *എൻസൈക്ലോപീഡിയ ബ്രിട്ടാനിക്ക*. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). കേംബ്രിഡ്ജ് സർവകലാശാല പ്രസ്സ്. p. 728.
* Doorenbos, J. (1954). "Notes on the history of bulb breeding in the Netherlands". *Euphytica*. **3** (1 february): 1–18. doi:10.1007/BF00028123. Retrieved 2 December 2014. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Rees, A.R., ed. (1972). *The Growth of Bulbs: Applied Aspects of the Physiology of Ornamental Bulbous Crops*. Oxford: Elsevier Science. ISBN 0323155863. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
* Halevy, Abraham H., ed. (1985). *CRC Handbook of flowering vol. I*. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. ISBN 0849339111. Retrieved 29 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Huxley, Anthony; Griffiths, Mark; Levy, Margot (1992). *The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. (4 vols.)*. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333474945. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Lloyd, David G; Barrett, Spencer C.H., eds. (1995). *Floral biology : studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants*. New York: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 0412043416. Retrieved 29 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Leeds, Rod; Hedge, Ronald; Hawthorne, Linden, eds. (1997). *RHS Plant Guides: Bulbs*. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0751303054.
* Kubitzki, K., ed. (1998). *The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3*. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-64060-6. Retrieved 14 January 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help); Unknown parameter `|editorlink=` ignored (`|editor-link=` suggested) (help)

#### ഇരുപത്തൊന്നാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്

* Singh, A.K. (2006). *Flower crops : cultivation & management*. New Delhi: New India Pub. Agency. ISBN 8189422359. Retrieved 7 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Duke, James A. (2007). *Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible*. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN 0849382033. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
* Leyel, C. F. (2007). "Herbs for the Skin". *Cinquefoil*. Pomeroy, WA: Health Research Books. p. 289. ISBN 0787314137. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
* Mabberley, David J (2008). *Mabberley's Plant-Book* (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1107782597. Retrieved 8 January 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Williams, D. M.; Knapp, Sandra, eds. (2010). *Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm*. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-26772-9. Retrieved 15 February 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Rina Kamenetsky; Hiroshi Okubo, eds. (2012). *Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production*. CRC Press. ISBN 1-4398-4924-2.
* S.J. Enna, S.J.; Norton, Stata (2012). "12. Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)". *Herbal Supplements and the Brain: Understanding Their Health Benefits and Hazards*. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: FT Press Science. pp. 149–160. ISBN 0132825015. Retrieved 29 October 2014.

### ഫ്ലോറ

* Cullen, James (2011). "Narcissus". In Cullen, James; Knees, Sabina G.; Cubey, H. Suzanne Cubey (eds.). *The European Garden Flora, Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass* (vol. 1. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae) (2 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 205 ff. ISBN 0521761476. Retrieved 21 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Tutin, T. G.; et al., eds. (1980). *Flora Europaea. Volume 5, Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (monocotyledones)* (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052120108X. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
* Thomé, Otto Wilhelm (1903). *Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz* (vol. I) (2 ed.). Gera: Zezschwitz. Retrieved 22 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Sell, Peter; Murrell, Gina (1996). "*Narcissus*". *Flora of Great Britain and Ireland: : Volume 5, Butomaceae - Orchidaceae*. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 285–293. ISBN 0521553393. Retrieved 29 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* "Narcissus". *Flora Iberica*. Real Jardín Botánico. 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
	+ Aedo, C (2014). "*Narcissus* L.". In Talavera, S; Andrés, C; Arista, M; Fernández Piedra, MP; Rico, E; Crespo, MB; Quintanar, A; Herrero, A; Aedo, C (eds.). *Flora Iberica. Vol 20* (PDF) (in സ്‌പാനിഷ്). Madrid: Real Jardín Botánico, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Retrieved 30 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Blanca, G; Cabezudo, B; Cueto, M; Salazar, C; Morales-Torres, C, eds. (2009). "*Narcissus*". *Flora vascular de Andalucía oriental vol I* (PDF) (in സ്‌പാനിഷ്). Sevilla: Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía. pp. 171–180. ISBN 9788492807130. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
	+ 2nd ed. 2011. *Narcissus* pp. 173–182 ISBN 9788433852175
* Cebrian, Jordi (2014). "Flora Catalana". Archived from the original on 2014-12-30. Retrieved 31 December 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Quiles, José (2014). "Flora silvestre del Mediterráneo". Retrieved 1 January 2015. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* "Narcissus". *Flora of China: Vol. 24*. p. 269. Retrieved 15 October 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Straley, Gerald B.; Utech, Frederick H. (2003). "Narcissus". *Flora of North America vol 26*. pp. 53–54. Retrieved 19 October 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Gathe, J; Watson, L (2008). "Narcissus L." *Florabase: Western Australian Flora*. Western Australian Herbarium. Retrieved 2 December 2014.

### നാർസിസസ്

#### Articles

* Krelage, JH (17 April 1890). "On Polyanthus Narcissi". *Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society*. **12** (Daffodil Conference and Exhibition): 339–346. Retrieved 25 December 2014.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
* Wylie, Ann P (1952). "The history of the garden Narcissi". *Heredity*. **6** (2): 137–156. doi:10.1038/hdy.1952.16. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
* Meyer, Frederick G (April 1961). "Exploring for Wild Narcissus" (PDF). *The American Horticultural Magazine*. **40** (2): 211–220. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
* American Horticultural Society (January 1966). "The Daffodil Handbook". *Amer. Hort. Mag*. **45** (1). Retrieved 19 October 2014. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Mcintosh, P. D.; Allen, R. B. (January 1992). "Narcissi bulb production at southern South island sites, New Zealand". *New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science*. **20** (1): 17–27. doi:10.1080/01140671.1992.10422321. Retrieved 20 December 2014.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
* Chow, Y (1993). "Basal Plate Tissue in *Narcissus Bulbs* and in Shoot Clump Cultures: Its Structure and Role in Organogenic Potential of Single Leaf Cultures". *Annals of Botany*. 71 may (5): 437–443. doi:10.1006/anbo.1993.1057. Retrieved 1 December 2014. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Dobson, Heidi E.M.; Arroyo, Juan; Bergström, Gunnar; Groth, Inga (December 1997). "Interspecific variation in floral fragrances within the genus Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)". *Biochemical Systematics and Ecology*. **25** (8): 685–706. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00059-8. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
* Dana, Michael N.; Lerner, B. Rosie (1 April 2001). "The Narcissus". *Purdue Extension: Horticulture* (HO-11-W). Archived from the original on 2018-12-23. Retrieved 20 December 2014.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
* Spaulding, Daniel D.; Barger, T. Wayne (2014). "Key to the wild daffodils (Narcissus, Amaryllidaceae) of Alabama and adjacent states" (PDF). *Phytoneuron*. **82**: 1–10. ISSN 2153-733X. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

##### ടാക്സോണമി

* Pugsley, H.W (1933). "A monograph of Narcissus, subgenus Ajax" (PDF). *Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society*. **58**: 17–93. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
* Meyer, F. G. (January 1966). "Narcissus species and wild hybrids" (PDF). *Amer. Hort. Mag*. **45** (1): 47–76. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
* Webb, DA (June 1978). "Taxonomic notes on Narcissus L". *Bot J Linn Soc*. **76** (4): 298–307. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb01817.x. Retrieved 23 October 2014. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2005). "Narcissorum notulae, VI" (PDF). *Fontqueria*. **55**: 265–272. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
* Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2008). "Narcissorum notulae, X" (PDF). *Fontqueria*. **55**: 547–558. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
* Jiménez, Juan F.; Sánchez-Gómez, Pedro; Guerra, Juan; Molins, Arántzazu; Rosselló, Josep A. (12 June 2009). "Regional Speciation or Taxonomic Inflation? The Status of Several Narrowly Distributed and Endangered Species of Narcissus Using ISSR and Nuclear Ribosomal ITS Markers". *Folia Geobotanica*. **44** (2): 145–158. doi:10.1007/s12224-009-9040-2. Retrieved 29 October 2014. (Full text on Research Gate)
* Medrano, M.; Herrera, C. M. (12 May 2008). "Geographical Structuring of Genetic Diversity Across the Whole Distribution Range of *Narcissus longispathus*, a Habitat-specialist, Mediterranean Narrow Endemic". *Annals of Botany*. **102** (2): 183–194. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn086. PMC 2712358. PMID 18556752.
* Aedo, Carlos (2010). "Typifications of the names of Iberian accepted species of *Narcissus* L. (Amaryllidaceae)" (PDF). *Acta Botanica Malacitana*. **35**: 133–142. Retrieved 29 November 2014. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Fernández-Casas, Francisco Javier (2011). "Narcissorum Notulae, XXXI" (PDF). *Fontqueria*. **56** (26): 239–248. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 5 October 2014.

##### ഫൈലോജനറ്റിക്സ്

* Graham, S. W.; Barrett, S. C. H. (1 July 2004). "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolution of stylar polymorphisms in Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)". *American Journal of Botany*. **91** (7): 1007–1021. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1007. PMID 21653457. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
* Barrett, Spencer C. H.; Harder, Lawrence D. (2 September 2004). "The evolution of polymorphic sexual systems in daffodils (Narcissus)". *New Phytologist*. **165** (1): 45–53. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01183.x. PMID 15720619. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
* Rønsted, Nina; Savolainen, Vincent; Mølgaard, Per; Jäger, Anna K. (May–June 2008). "Phylogenetic selection of Narcissus species for drug discovery". *Biochemical Systematics and Ecology*. **36** (5–6): 417–422. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2007.12.010. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
* Zonneveld, B. J. M. (24 September 2008). "The systematic value of nuclear DNA content for all species of Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae)". *Plant Systematics and Evolution*. **275** (1–2): 109–132. doi:10.1007/s00606-008-0015-1. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
* Zonneveld, B. J. M. (8 July 2010). "The involvement of *Narcissus hispanicus* Gouan in the origin of *Narcissus bujei* and of cultivated trumpet daffodils (Amaryllidaceae)". *Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid*. **67** (1): 29–39. doi:10.3989/ajbm.2219. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
* Marques, I.; Nieto Feliner, G.; Martins-Loucao, M. A.; Fuertes Aguilar, J. (11 November 2011). "Genome size and base composition variation in natural and experimental Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) hybrids". *Annals of Botany*. **109** (1): 257–264. doi:10.1093/aob/mcr282. PMC 3241596. PMID 22080093. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
* Gage, Ewan; Wilkin, Paul; Chase, Mark W.; Hawkins, Julie (2011). "Phylogenetic systematics of Sternbergia (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid and ITS sequence data". *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **166** (2): 149–162. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01138.x. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
* Santos-Gally, Rocío; Vargas, Pablo; Arroyo, Juan (April 2012). "Insights into Neogene Mediterranean biogeography based on phylogenetic relationships of mountain and lowland lineages of Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)". *Journal of Biogeography*. **39** (4): 782–798. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02526.x. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
* Medrano, Mónica; López-Perea, Esmeralda; Herrera, Carlos M. (June 2014). "Population Genetics Methods Applied to a Species Delimitation Problem: Endemic Trumpet Daffodils (*Narcissus* Section *Pseudonarcissi*) from the Southern Iberian Peninsula" (PDF). *International Journal of Plant Sciences*. **175** (5): 501–517. doi:10.1086/675977. JSTOR 675977.

##### ഫാർമക്കോളജി

* John M. Riddle, John M. (September 1985). "Ancient and Medieval Chemotherapy for Cancer" (PDF). *Isis*. **76** (3): 319–330. doi:10.1086/353876. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
* Bastida, Jaume; Lavilla, Rodolfo; Viladomat, Francesc Viladomat (2006). Cordell, G. A. (ed.). "Chemical and biological aspects of "Narcissus" alkaloids" (PDF). *The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology*. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology. **63**. Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc: 87–179. doi:10.1016/S1099-4831(06)63003-4. ISBN 9780124695634. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
* Hartwell, J. L. (1967). "Plants Used Against Cancer". *Lloydia*. **30**: 379–436. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Kornienko, Alexander; Evidente, Antonio (2008). "Chemistry, Biology, and Medicinal Potential of Narciclasine and its Congeners". *Chemical Reviews*. **108** (6): 1982–2014. doi:10.1021/cr078198u. PMC 2856661. PMID 18489166.
* Pettit, GR; Cragg, GM; Singh, SB; Duke, JA; Doubek, DL (1990). "Antineoplastic agents, 162. Zephyranthes candida". *Journal of Natural Products*. **53** (1): 176–178. doi:10.1021/np50067a026. PMID 2348199.
* Pettit, George R.; Tan, Rui; Bao, Guan-Hu; Melody, Noeleen; Doubek, Dennis L.; Gao, Song; Chapuis, Jean-Charles; Williams, Lee (27 April 2012). "Antineoplastic Agents. 587. Isolation and Structure of 3-Epipancratistatin from Narcissus cv. Ice Follies". *Journal of Natural Products*. **75** (4): 771–773. doi:10.1021/np200862y. PMC 3372531. PMID 22413911.
* Pigni, Natalia B.; Ríos-Ruiz, Segundo; Martínez-Francés, Vanessa; Nair, Jerald J.; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Bastida, Jaume (28 September 2012). "Alkaloids from *Narcissus serotinus*". *Journal of Natural Products*. **75** (9): 1643–1647. doi:10.1021/np3003595. PMID 22917000. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
* Pigni, Natalia B.; Ríos-Ruiz, Segundo; Luque, F. Javier; Viladomat, Francesc; Codina, Carles; Bastida, Jaume (November 2013). "Wild daffodils of the section Ganymedes from the Iberian Peninsula as a source of mesembrane alkaloids". *Phytochemistry*. **95**: 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.010. PMID 23932506. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
* Takos, Adam; Rook, Fred (31 May 2013). "Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use". *International Journal of Molecular Sciences*. **14** (6): 11713–11741. doi:10.3390/ijms140611713. PMC 3709753. PMID 23727937. Retrieved 5 October 2014.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
* Takos, Adam; Rook, Fred (31 May 2013). "Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use". *International Journal of Molecular Sciences*. **14** (6): 11713–11741. doi:10.3390/ijms140611713. PMC 3709753. PMID 23727937. Retrieved 25 December 2014. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
* Berkov, Strahil; Martínez-Francés, Vanessa; Bastida, Jaume; Codina, Carles; Ríos, Segundo (March 2014). "Evolution of alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Narcissus". *Phytochemistry*. **99**: 95–106. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.002. PMID 24461780. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
* "Galanthamine CID 9651". *PubChem*. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 9 March 2015.

#### പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ

* Atta-ur-Rahman, ed. (1998). *Studies in natural products chemistry. Vol 20 Structure and Chemistry (Part F)*. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 9780080541990. Retrieved 2 April 2015. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Haworth, Adrian Hardy (1831). *Narcissinearum Monographia* (PDF) (2 ed.). London: Ridgway. Retrieved 20 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Burbidge, Frederick William (1875). *The Narcissus: Its History and Culture: With Coloured Plates and Descriptions of All Known Species and Principal Varieties*. London: L. Reeve & Company. Retrieved 28 September 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help) (also available as pdf)
* Barr, Peter; Burbidge, F.W. (1884). *Ye Narcissus Or Daffodyl Flowere, Containing Hys Historie and Culture, &C., With a Compleat Liste of All the Species and Varieties Known to Englyshe Amateurs*. London: Barre & Sonne. ISBN 978-1104534271. Retrieved 2 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Blanchard, J. W. (1990). *Narcissus: a guide to wild daffodils*. Surrey, UK: Alpine Garden Society. ISBN 0900048530. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
* Erhardt, Walter (1993). *Narzissen: Osterglocken, Jonquillen, Tazetten*. Stuttgart (Hohenheim): E. Ulmer. ISBN 3800164892. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
* Hanks, Gordon R (2002). *Narcissus and Daffodil: The Genus Narcissus*. London: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 0415273447. Retrieved 2 October 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Kingsbury, Noël; Whitworth, Jo (2013). *Daffodil : the remarkable story of the world's most popular spring flower*. Timber Press. ISBN 1604695595. Retrieved 8 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

#### വെബ്സൈറ്റുകൾ

* Cook, Danielle. "Daffodil". Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
* Johnston, Brian (April 2007). "A Close-up View of the "Daffodil"" (Close up images). *Micscape Magazine*. Retrieved 14 November 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Kraft, Rachel (April 30, 2001). "Propagation of Daffodils (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)". *Plant Propagation*. North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences. Archived from the original on 2019-06-16. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
* Trinklein, David (2007). "Spring Flowering Bulbs: Daffodils". University of Missouri Extension. Archived from the original on 2014-10-25. Retrieved 25 October 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Van Beck, John; Christman, Steve (3 Oct 2005). "Narcissus". *Floridata*. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
* Vigneron, Pascal. "Narcissus". *Amaryllidaceae.org* (in ഫ്രഞ്ച്). Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
* "Daffodil Festivals and Fields". Retrieved 3 November 2014.
* "Narcissus". Dryad Nursery. 2014. Archived from the original (Image galleries) on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
* "Narcissus (*Narcissus* spp.)". *UC Pest Management Guidelines*. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Integrated pest management program. March 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
* Steinbergs, A (2008). "Daffodils". *Spring-flowering Bulbs*. The Plant Expert. Archived from the original on 2015-03-19. Retrieved 26 November 2014. `{{cite web}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* "Narcissus Horticultural Tips". Van Engelen. 2014. Archived from the original on 6 December 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.

##### ചരിത്രം

* Libertiny, Susan (5 February 2013). "Peter Barr – The King of Daffoldils". *All about my garden*. Archived from the original on 2014-11-02. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
* "John Gerard (1545–1612)". *Historical Collections at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library*. University of Virginia. 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2014.

### കീടങ്ങളും രോഗങ്ങളും

#### Books

* Alford, David, ed. (2000). *Pest and Disease Management Handbook*. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0470680199. Retrieved 4 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Pirone, Pascal Pompey (1978). *Diseases and pests of ornamental plants* (5 ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 0471072494. Retrieved 4 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Gratwick, Marion, ed. (1992). *Crop Pests in the UK*. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1490-5. ISBN 978-94-011-1490-5. Retrieved 3 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Horst, R. Kenneth (2013). *Field manual of diseases on garden and greenhouse flowers*. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-6049-3. Retrieved 4 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help) Additional excerpts
* Dreistadt, Steve H. (2001). *Integrated pest management for floriculture and nurseries*. Oakland, Calif.: University of California, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Project, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. ISBN 1879906465. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Smith, I.M., ed. (1988). *European Handbook of Plant Diseases*. Oxford: Wiley. ISBN 1444314181. Retrieved 8 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

##### പൂപ്പൽ

* Elad, Yigal; Williamson, Brian; Tudzynski, Paul; Delen, Nafiz, eds. (2007). *Botrytis biology, pathology and control*. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2626-3. ISBN 978-1-4020-2626-3. Retrieved 4 December 2014. Further excerpts
* Moore, WC (1959). *British Parasitic Fungi*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 22 November 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)

##### വൈറസ്

* Fauquet, C.M.; et al., eds. (2005). *Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses ; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses*. Oxford: Elsevier/Academic Press. ISBN 008057548X. Retrieved 12 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* King, Andrew M. Q.; et al., eds. (2012). *Virus taxonomy : classification and nomenclature of viruses : ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses*. London: Academic Press. ISBN 0123846846. Retrieved 9 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Tidona, Christian; Darai, Gholamreza, eds. (2012). *The Springer index of viruses* (2 ed.). New York, NY: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95919-1. Archived from the original on 2018-06-11. Retrieved 12 December 2014.

##### നിമറ്റോഡ്സ്

* Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). *The biology of nematodes*. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0415272114. Retrieved 16 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Zuckerman, Bert M.; Rohde, Richard A., eds. (1981). *Plant Parasitic Nematodes vol. 3*. Oxford: Elsevier Science. ISBN 0323147038. Retrieved 14 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Ravichandra, N. G. (2014). *Horticultural Nematology*. New Delhi: Springer. ISBN 9788132218418. Retrieved 14 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)
* Perry, Roland N.; Moens, Maurice, eds. (2013). *Plant nematology* (2 ed.). Boston, MA: CABI. ISBN 1780641516. Retrieved 16 December 2014. `{{cite book}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)