# Bakteri

| Bakteri Rantang wakatu: Arkean atau sabalunnyo – Kini

Pha.

Proterozoic

Archean

*Had'n* |
| --- |
|  |
| *Escherichia coli*, salah satu bakteri babantuak batang |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah |
| Domain: | **Bacteria** Woese et al., 1990 |
| Fila/Divisio |
| * **Gram positif**

Actinobacteria
Firmicutae
Tenericutae (tanpa dindiang)
* **Gram negatif**

Aquificae
Bacteroidetae/Chlorobia
Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia
Deinococcus-Thermus
Fusobacteria
Gemmatimonadetae
Nitrospirae
Proteobacteria
Spirochaetae
Synergistae
* **Indak dikataui**

Acidobacteria
Chloroflexiae
Chrysiogenetae
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacterae
Dictyoglomi
Fibrobacteria
Planctomycota
Thermodesulfobacteria
Thermotogae |
| Sinonim |
|
Eubacteria Woese & Fox, 1977 |

**Bakteri** (dari kato Latin *bacterium*; jamak: *bacteria*) adolah kalompok organisme nan indak mampunyoi membran inti sel. Organisme ko tamasuak ka dalam domain prokariota jo baukuran ketek sangaik (mikroskopik), sarato mampunyoi paran gadang dalam kahidupan di bumi. Babarapo kalompok bakteri tanamo sabagai agen panyabab infeksi jo panyakik, samantaro kalompok lainnyo dapek maagiah manpaaik dibidang pangan, ubek, jo industri. Struktur sel bakteri relatif sederhana: tanpa nukleus/inti sel, karangko sel, jo organel-organel lain sarupo mitokondria dan kloroplas. Hal ikolah nan manjadi pambeda antaro sel prokariot jo sel eukariot nan labiah kompleks.

Bakteri dapek ditamukan di ampia sado tampek: di tanah, aia, udaro, dalam simbiosis jo organisme lain ataupun sabagai agen parasit (patogen), bahkan dalam tubuah manusia. Pado umumnyo, bakteri baukuran 0,5-5 μm, tapi ado bakteri tatantu nan dapek mancapai diameter 700 μm, iyolah *Thiomargarita*. Umumnyo mampunyoi dindiang sel, sarupo sel tumbuahan jo cindawan, tapi jo bahan pambantuak nan amaik babeda (peptidoglikan). Babarapo jinih bakteri basipaik motil (talok manggarik) jo mobilitasnyo ko dek adonyo flagel.

## Bakteri Gram positif jo negatif

Dalam maagiah antibiotik musti dikataui jinih bakterinyo apokoh Gram positif atau negatif.
Di bawah ko adolah daftar bakteri tasabuik:

### Positif

* *Actinomyces*
* *Bacillus*
* *Clostridium*
* *Corynebacterium*
* *Enterococcus*
* *Gardnerella*
* *Lactobacillus*
* *Listeria*
* *Mycobacterium*
* *Mycoplasma*
* *Nocardia*
* *Propionibacterium*
* *Staphylococcus*
* *Streptococcus*
* *Streptomyces*

### Negatif

* *Acetobacter*
* *Borrelia*
* *Bortadella*
* *Burkholderia*
* *Campylobacter*
* *Chlamydia*
* *Enterobacter*
* *Escherichia*
* *Fusobacterium*
* *Helicobacter*
* *Hemophilus*
* *Klebsiella*
* *Legionella*
* *Leptospiria*
* *Neisseria*
* *Nitrobacter*
* *Proteus*
* *Pseudomonas*
* *Rickettsia*
* *Salmonella*
* *Serratia*
* *Shigella*
* *Thiobacter*
* *Treponema*
* *Vibrio*
* *Yersinia*

## Rujuakan

## Bacoan lanjuik

* Alcamo IE (2001). *Fundamentals of microbiology*. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 0-7637-1067-9.
* Atlas RM (1995). *Principles of microbiology*. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 0-8016-7790-4.
* Martinko JM, Madigan MT (2005). *Brock Biology of Microorganisms* (edisi ke-11th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
* Holt JC, Bergey DH (1994). *Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology* (edisi ke-9th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.
* Hugenholtz P, Goebel BM, Pace NR (1998). "Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity". *J Bacteriol*. **180** (18): 4765–74. PMID 9733676. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-09-14. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-16. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
* Funke BR, Tortora GJ, Case CL (2004). *Microbiology: an introduction* (edisi ke-8th ed,). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-7614-3.

## Pautan lua

* MicrobeWiki Archived 2015-02-06 di Wayback Machine., an extensive wiki about bacteria Archived 2015-02-08 di Wayback Machine. and viruses Archived 2015-02-14 di Wayback Machine.
* Bacteria that affect crops and other plants
* Bacterial Nomenclature Up-To-Date from DSMZ Archived 2007-09-29 di Wayback Machine.
* Genera of the domain Bacteria – list of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
* The largest bacteria Archived 2012-12-11 di Wayback Machine.
* Tree of Life: Eubacteria Archived 2014-10-21 di Wayback Machine.
* Videos Archived 2015-11-05 di Wayback Machine. of bacteria swimming and tumbling, use of optical tweezers and other videos.
* Planet of the Bacteria by Stephen Jay Gould
* On-line text book on bacteriology Archived 2008-09-13 di Wayback Machine.
* Animated guide to bacterial cell structure.
* Bacteria Make Major Evolutionary Shift in the Lab
* Online collaboration for bacterial taxonomy. Archived 2014-04-15 di Wayback Machine.
* PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center for bacterial pathogens, funded by NIAID
* Bacterial Chemotaxis Interactive Simulator – A web-app that uses several simple algorithms to simulate bacterial chemotaxis.
* Cell-Cell Communication in Bacteria Archived 2009-01-30 di Wayback Machine. on-line lecture by Bonnie Bassler, and TED: Discovering bacteria's amazing communication system Archived 2011-12-05 di Wayback Machine.
* Sulfur-cycling fossil bacteria from the 1.8-Ga Duck Creek Formation provide promising evidence of evolution's null hypothesis Archived 2015-02-07 di Wayback Machine., *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*.  **Summarized in:** Scientists discover bacteria that haven't evolved in more than 2 billion years, *LiveScience* and *BusinessInsider*