# Bumi

**Bumi**  | "Pualam Biru" foto bumi, diambiak dari *Apollo 17* |
| Panamoan
 |
| Pangucapan | /en-us-earth.oggˈɜrθ/ |
| Istilah | earthly, tellurian, telluric, terran, terrestrial. |
| Karakteristik orbit
 |
| Jangka wakatu J2000.0 |
| Aphelion | 152,098,232 km 1.01671388 AU |
| Perihelion | 147,098,290 km 0.98329134 AU |
| Sumbu semi-mayor | 149,598,261 km 1.00000261 AU |
| Eksentrisitas | 0.01671123 |
| Periode orbit | 365.256363004 days 1.000017421 tahun |
| Kacapatan orbit rato-rato | 29.78 km/s 107,200 km/h |
| Anomali rato-rato | 357.51716° |
| Inklinasi | 7.155° dari equator Matohari 1.57869° to invariable plane |
| Bujua node manaiak | 348.73936° |
| Argumen perihelion | 114.20783° |
| Satelit | 1 natural (Bulan)
 8,300+ artificial (pada 1 Maret 2001 (2001-03-01)
) |
| Karakteristik fisik
 |
| Jari-jari rato-rato | 6,371.0 km |
| Jari-jari ekuator | 6,378.1 km |
|  Radius kutub | 6,356.8 km |
| Kapapatan | 0.0033528 |
| Kaliliang | 40,075.017 km (equatorial) 40,007.86 km (meridional) |
| Laweh pamukoan | 510,072,000 km2
148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %)
361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %) |
| Volume | 1.08321×1012 km3 |
| Masso | 5.9736×1024 kg |
| Masso jenis rato-rato | 5.515 g/cm3 |
| Gravitasi pamukoan ekuator | 9.780327 m/s2 0.99732 *g* |
| Kacapatan palapehan | 11.186 km/s |
| Hari sideris | 0.99726968 d 23h 56m 4.100s |
| Kacapatan rotasi | 1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s) |
| Kamiriangan sumbu | 23°26'21".4119 |
| Albedo | 0.367 (geometric)
0.306 (Bond) |
| Suhu pamukoan    Kelvin    Celsius |

| min | rato-rato | max |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 184 K | 287.2 K | 331 K |
| -89.2 °C | 14 °C | 57.8 °C |

 |
| Atmosfir
 |
| Takanan pamukoan | 101.325 kPa (MSL) |
| Komposisi | 78.08% Nitrogen (N2) 20.95% oxygen (O2) 0.93% Argon 0.038% Karbon diosida About 1% water vapor (varies with Klimak) |

**Bumi** adolah planet katigo dari matohari, dan marupoan planet nan tapadek jo gadang nan ka limo dari salapan planet di tata surya. Inyo ko juo tamasuak paliang gadang dari nan ampek buah planet terrestrial. Bumi ko dirujuak juo sabagai dunia, planet biru, atau namo latinnyo, *Terra*.

Bumi ko rumah bagi jutaan spesies, tamasuak manusia, bumi kini ko manjadi satu-satunyo benda astronomi nan di situ ado kehidupan. Planet ko tabantuak 4.54 billion taun lalu, dan kehidupan muncul di permukaan bumi sekitar satu billion taun. Adonyo biosfir di bumi nan signifikan maubah atmosfir dan kondisi abiotik lainnyo di bumi, mamungkinkan proliferasi organisme aerobik sarato pambentukan lapisan ozon, basamo jo medan magnet bumi, mahalangi radiasi matohari, sahinggo mamungkinkan adonyo kehidupan di darek. Sacaro geofisik bumi, misalnyo sajarah geologi dan orbit, mamungkinkan kehidupan lah batahan salamo periode ko. Planet ko dihrapakan dapek taruih batahan untuak mandukuang kehidupan satidaknyo sampai 500 milyar taun lai.

## Kronologi

Urang cadiak pandai kini lah mampu marekonstruksi ulang maklumat rinci tantang maso lalu planet ko. Penanggalan awal tabantuaknyo sistem surya ko 4.5672 ± 0.0006 billion taun lalu, atau 4.54 billion tahun lalu (1% indak pasti) the Earth and the other planets in the Solar System had formed out of the solar nebula—a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun. This assembly of the Earth through accretion was thus largely completed within 10–20 million years. Initially molten, the outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed shortly thereafter, 4.53 billion years ago.

## Catatan

## Rujuakan

## Kepustakaan

* Comins, Neil F. (2001). *Discovering the Essential Universe* (edisi ke-2nd). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-5804-0. Bibcode: 2003deu..book.....C.

## Pautan lua

* Media tantang Bumi di Wikimedia Commons
* USGS Geomagnetism Program
* NASA Earth Observatory
* Audio—Cain/Gay (2007) Astronomy Cast Earth
* Earth Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
* Climate changes cause Earth's shape to change – NASA Archived 2009-01-22 di Wayback Machine.
* The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth Archived 2009-04-30 di Wayback Machine.
* Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation National Climatic Data Center