# Union Europea

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| **Articul per Ladin Gherdëina** |  |

| Union Europea |
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| Bulgar: | Европейски съюз |
| Cech: | *Evropská unie* |
| Croat: | *Europska unija* |
| Danesc: | *Den Europæiske Union* |
| Eston: | *Euroopa Liit* |
| Finlandesc: | *Euroopan unioni* |
| Franzëus: | *Union européenne* |
| Gaelich: | *An tAontas Eorpach* |
| Grech: | Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση |
| Letton: | *Eiropas Savienība* |
| Lituan: | *Europos Sąjunga* |
| Maltesc: | *Unjoni Ewropea* |
| Nglëisc: | *European Union* |
| Olandesc: | *Europese Unie* |
| Polach: | *Unia Europejska* |
| Portughesc: | *União Europeia* |
| Romen: | *Uniunea Europeană* |
| Slovach: | *Európska únia* |
| Sloven: | *Evropska unija* |
| Spanuel: | *Unión Europea* |
| Svedesc: | *Europeiska unionen* |
| Talian: | *Unione europea* |
| Tudësch: | *Europäische Union* |
| Ungaresc: | *Európai Unió* |

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| **InnInn de l'Europa* |
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| Raion de l'Union Europea sul globus |
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| L'Union Europea cun si raions speziei |
| **Sëntes istituzioneles** | Bruxelles* Commiscion
* Cunsëi Europeich
* Cunsëi de l'UE
* Parlamënt (secunder)

Frankfurt* Banca Zentrela

Zità de Luxemburg* Chëurt di Conc
* Tribunel de Giustizia
* Cunsëi de l'UE (sëntedes de auril, juni y utober)
* Secretariat dl Parlamënt
* Commiscion (plu dipartimënc y servijes)

Strasbourg* Parlamënt
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| **Majer raion metropolitan** | Paris |
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| **Rujenedes ufizieles** | 24 rujenedes **3 rujenedes prinzipeles** Franzëus • Nglëisc • Tudësch |
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| **Alfabec ufiziei** | Latin • Grech • Zirilich |
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| **Religion** (2015) | * 71,6% Cristianejim
	+ 45,3% Catolizism
	+ 11,1% Prutestantejim
	+ 9,6% Ortodos
	+ 5,6% Autra denominazions cristianes
* 24,0% Deguna religion
* 1,8% Islam
* 2,6% Autres
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| **Sort** | Union supranaziunela |
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| **Cumëmbri** | 27 cumëmbri |
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| **Furmazion** • Tratat de Paris • Tratat de Roma • At Sëul Europeich • Tratat de Maastricht • Tratat de Lisboa |  18 auril 1951 1 jené 1958 1 lugio 1987 1 novëmber 1993 1 dezëmber 2009 |
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| **Spersa De ndut
* Ega
 | **Fal te la esprescion: parola "chilometer" nia recunesciuda.** km² 3,08% |
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| **Populazion 2025
* Densità
 | 450 380 320 ab. **Fal te la esprescion: parola "chilometer" nia recunesciuda.** ab./km² |
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| **PIB** (VPC) * De ndut
* A persona
 | Stima 2021  $20 823 miliarc  $46 582 |
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| **PIB** (numinel) * De ndut
* A persona
 | Stima 2021  $17 046 miliarc  $38 134 |
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| **Munëida** | Euro (€) (EUR)
Autres
* Lev bulgar (BGN)
* Curona ceca (CZK)
* Curona daneja (DKK)
* Kuna croata (HRK)
* Forint ungaresc (HUF)
* Złoty polach (PLN)
* Leu romen (RON)
* Curona svedeja (SEK)
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| **Zona d'orar Instà
 | UTC nfin a UTC+2 UTC+1 nfin a UTC+3 |
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| **Plata internet** | europa.eu |

L'**Union Europea** ie n'union sëuranaziunela y anterguviernativa de 27 stac mëmbri independënc democratics européesc.

## Storia

L'Union européa ie la majera cunfederazion de stac independënc a livel mundiel, crieda sota chëst inuem dl 1992 tres l tratà sun l'Union européa (Tratà de Maastricht). Per n grum d'aspec ejistova l'Union bele dan chësta data tres na sfilza de relazions predezessëures, pian via dal 1951.

Da l ann 2002 ie uni metu it l Euro.

Al mumënt à l'Union européa n marcià chemun unich, fat da n'union duanela, na munëida unica dirijeda da la banca zentrela européa (adurveda per l mumënt da 14 di 27 cumëmbri), na politiga agricula chemuna, na politiga de cumerz chemuna y na politiga chemuna de pëscia. Na politiga furesta y de segurëza chemuna dëssa vester l segond pilier di trëi piliers dl'Union européa. La cunvenzion de Schengen à abolì l cuntrol dl passaport y l cuntrol duanel per n valgun stac dl'Union, crian na lerch de mobilità chemuna per la vita, l lëur, i viages y l'investizions di sentadins dl'UE.

L'istituzions dl'UE plu impuratantes ie l Cunsëi dl'Union européa, la Cumission européa, la Chëurt européa dla Justizia, l Parlamënt europée, l Cunsëi europée y la Banca zentrela européa.

## Stac cumëmbri

Lista di stac cumëmbri de l'Union Europea| Inuem | Unit leprò | Populazion | Spersa (km²) | PIB (milions de US$) | PIB (VPC) a persona | Munëida | Gini | ISU  | MEPs | Rujendes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Austria | 1995 | 8 926 000 | 83 855 | 447 718 | 55,406 | euro | 29,1 | 0,922 | 19 | tudësch |
|  Belje | 1957Fundadëur | 11 566 041 | 30 528 | 517 609 | 50,114 | euro | 33,0 | 0,931 | 21 | olandesc franzëus tudësch |
|  Bulgaria | 2007 | 6 916 548 | 110 994 | 66 250 | 23,741 | lev | 29,2 | 0,816 | 17 | bulgar |
|  Croazia | 2013 | 4 036 355 | 56 594 | 60 702 | 27,681 | kuna | 29 | 0,851 | 12 | croat |
|  Cipre | 2004 | 896 000 | 9 251 | 24 280 | 39,079 | euro | 31,2 | 0,887 | 6 | grech turch |
|  Republica Ceca | 2004 | 10 574 153 | 78 866 | 246 953 | 40,293 | koruna | 25,8 | 0,900 | 21 | cech |
|  Denemarch | 1973 | 5 833 883 | 43 075 | 347 176 | 57,781 | krone | 24,7 | 0,940 | 14 | danesc |
|  Estonia | 2004 | 1 330 068 | 45 227 | 31 038 | 37,033 | euro | 36,0 | 0,892 | 7 | eston |
|  Finlandia | 1995 | 5 527 493 | 338 424 | 269 654 | 49,334 | euro | 26,9 | 0,938 | 14 | finlandesc svedesc |
|  Franzia | 1957Fundadëur | 67 439 614 | 632 833 | 2 707 074 | 45,454 | euro | 32,7 | 0,901 | 79 | franzëus |
|  Germania | 1957Fundadëur | 83 120 520 | 357 386 | 3 863 344 | 53,571 | euro | 31,9 | 0,947 | 96 | tudësch |
|  Grecia | 1981 | 10 682 547 | 131 990 | 214 012 | 29,045 | euro | 34,3 | 0,888 | 21 | Grech |
|  Ungaria | 2004 | 9 730 772 | 93 030 | 170 407 | 32,434 | forint | 30,0 | 0,854 | 21 | ungaresc |
|  Irlanda | 1973 | 5 006 324 | 70 273 | 384 940 | 89,383 | euro | 34,3 | 0,955 | 13 | Nglëisc Irish |
|  Talia | 1957Fundadëur | 59 862 348 | 301 338 | 1 988 636 | 40,065 | euro | 36,0 | 0,892 | 76 | talian |
|  Letonia | 2004 | 1 893 223 | 64 589 | 35 045 | 30,579 | euro | 35,7 | 0,866 | 8 | Latvian |
|  Lituania | 2004 | 2 795 680 | 65 200 | 53 641 | 38,605 | euro | 35,8 | 0,882 | 11 | Lithuanian |
|  Luxemburg | 1957Fundadëur | 633 347 | 2 586,4 | 69 453 | 112,875 | euro | 30,8 | 0,916 | 6 | franzëus tudësch Luxembourgish |
|  Malta | 2004 | 516 100 | 316 | 14 859 | 43,086 | euro | 25,8 | 0,895 | 6 | Maltesc English |
|  Paejes Basc | 1957Fundadëur | 17 614 840 | 41 543 | 902 355 | 57,101 | euro | 30,9 | 0,944 | 29 | olandesc Frisian |
|  Polonia | 2004 | 37 840 001 | 312 685 | 565 854 | 33,739 | złoty | 34,9 | 0,880 | 52 | Polach |
|  Portugal | 1986 | 10 298 252 | 92 | 236 408 | 33,131 | euro | 32,1 | 0,864 | 21 | portughesc |
|  Romania | 2007 | 19 186 201 | 238 391 | 243 698 | 30,141 | leu | 31,5 | 0,828 | 33 | rumen |
|  Slovachia | 2004 | 5 459 781 | 49 035 | 106 552 | 32,184 | euro | 25,8 | 0,860 | 14 | slovach |
|  Slovenia | 2004 | 2 108 977 | 20 273 | 54 154 | 38,506 | euro | 31,2 | 0,917 | 8 | sloven |
|  Spania | 1986 | 47 394 223 | 504 030 | 1 397 870 | 38,143 | euro | 32,0 | 0,904 | 59 | spanuel galizian catalan Occitan basch |
|  Svezia | 1995 | 10 370 000 | 449 964 | 528 929 | 52,477 | krona | 25,0 | 0,945 | 21 | svedesc |
| **De ndut/Mesaries** | **–** | **447 562 291** | **4 224 488,4** | **15 687 843** | **35,083** | **–** | **(mesaria) 30,8** | **(mesaria) 0,897** | **705** | **–** |

Notes
### Outermost regions

There are a number of overseas member state territories which are legally part of the EU, but have certain exemptions based on their remoteness; see Overseas Countries and Territories Association. These "outermost regions" have partial application of EU law and in some cases are outside of Schengen or the EU VAT area—however they are legally within the EU. They all use the euro as their currency.

| Territory | Member State | Post | Spersa km2 | Populazion | PIB a persona (EU=100) | Zona CVN de l'UE | Zona Schengen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Azores |  Portugal | Ozean Atlantich | 2,333 | 237,900 | 66.7 | Sci | Sci |
|  Ijules Canaries |  Spania | Ozean Atlantich | 7,447 | 1,715,700 | 93.7 | No | Sci |
|  French Guiana |  Franzia | South America | 84,000 | 161,100 | 50.5 | No | No |
|  Guadeloupe |  Franzia | Caribich | 1,710 | 425,700 | 50.5 | No | No |
|  Madeira |  Portugal | Ozean Atlantich | 795 | 244,800 | 94.9 | Sci | Sci |
|  Saint-Martin |  Franzia | Caribich | 52 | 25,000 | 61.9 | No | No |
|  Martinique |  Franzia | Caribich | 1,080 | 383,300 | 75.6 | No | No |
|  Mayotte |  Franzia | Ozean Indian | 374 | 212,645 |  | No | No |
|  Réunion |  Franzia | Ozean Indian | 2,512 | 837,868 | 61.6 | No | No |

### Abbreviations

Abbreviations have been used as a shorthand way of grouping countries by their date of accession.

* **EU15** includes the fifteen countries in the European Union from 1 January 1995 to 1 May 2004. The EU15 comprised Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom. Eurostat still uses this expression.
* **EU19** includes the countries in the EU15 as well as the central European member countries of the OECD: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovak Republic.
* **EU11** is used to refer to the Central, Eastern and Baltic European member states that joined in 2004, 2007 and 2013: in 2004 the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia; in 2007 Bulgaria, Romania; and in 2013 Croatia.
* **EU27** means all the member states. It was originally used in this sense from 2007 until Croatia's accession in 2013, and during the Brexit negotiations from 2017 until the United Kingdom's withdrawal on 31 January 2020 it came to mean all members except the UK.
* **EU28** meant all the member states from the accession of Croatia in 2013 to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in 2020.

Additionally, other abbreviations have been used to refer to countries which have limited access to the EU labour market.

* A8 is eight of the ten countries that joined the EU in 2004, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia.
* A2 is the countries that joined the EU in 2007, Bulgaria and Romania.

## Fontanas

* Eric Cò, *Unione Europea. Mito o realtà?*, Italian University Press, Genova 2010
* Nicoletta Di Sotto, *Dalla periferia all'Europa. I partiti etnoregionalisti e l'Unione europea*, 2009, Rubbettino Editore, Soveria Mannelli (CZ)
* Timothy Garton Ash, *Storia del presente. Dalla caduta del muro alle guerre dei Balcani*, Mondadori, Milano 2001
* Bino Olivi, *L'Europa difficile. Storia politica dell'integrazione europea*, Il Mulino, Bologna 2001
* Sabino Cassese, *Democrazia e Unione europea*, in “Giornale di Storia costituzionale”, 2002, n. 3, pp. 9–16.
* Sabino Cassese, *L’Unione europea come organizzazione pubblica composita*, in “Rivista Italiana di Diritto Pubblico Comunitario”, 2000, n. 5, pp. 987–992.

## Liams

* Europa.eu

## Referënzes