# Olympische Speule

Dit artikel is gesjreve (of begós) in 't Mestreechs. Laes hie wie v'r mit de versjillende saorte Limburgs ómgaon.

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Olympisch ambleem, vasgestèld in 1914
De **Olympische Speule** zien e prestizjeus veerjaorleks sportevenemint woebij e groet aontal sporte door deilnummers vaan euver de ganse wereld gedoon weurt. 't Gief Olympische Zomerspeule en Olympische Winterspeule. De Olympische Speule zien geïnspireerd op de gelieknaomege speule oet de Aajdheid, die in de plaots Olympia (Griekeland) t'r ier vaan Zeus gehawwe woorte, ouch um de veer jaor, tot 't verpliechstèlle vaan 't christendom door Theodosius de Groete in 393 'n ind aon de Speule maakde.

## Oontstoon vaan de modern Speule

In d'n tied vaan 't classicisme woorte hei en dao, veural in Groet-Brittannië en Frankriek, sporteveneminte georganiseerd die de naom *Olymische Speule* mètkraoge. Die waore evels veural veur 't plezeer en hadde gein ideologische gedachte. Wie in de negentiende iew de reste vaan Olympia bloetgelag woorte en oonder bestumde laoge vaan de bevolking e soort idealisme ziech verspreide, kaom de Fransoos Pierre de Coubertin op 't idee de Speule te doen herleve. Dit idee had ouch 'ne nationalistische component: heer wouw de Franse soldaote fitter en sportiever make, zoetot ze in 'nen oorlog wie de Frans-Prusischen Oorlog (1870) neet mie zoe gemekelek zouwe verlere. In 1890 evels kraog 'r loch vaan de Britse Wenlock Olympian Society, die 't ideaal vaan de Speule te herleve hoeg in 't veendel had stoon. Daodoor geïnspireerd begós heer de speule veur te bereie, en in 1896 woorte veur 't iers nui, internationaol speule gehawwe, in Athene. 245 sportlui vaan 15 len dege mèt.

## De Speule door de jaore heer

Vaan 15 naom 't aontal deilnummende len touw tot mie es 200; daobij e paar aofhenkeleke gebeedsdeile mètgerekend. 't Aontal sporte naom ouch sterk touw, wie 't aontal sporters (mie es 10.000 bij de zomerspeule). Es e land de Speule maag organisere gief dit dat land hendeg väöl prestiesj, en dao weurt daan ouch hel um gestreje. Sinds 1924 weure ouch Olympische Winterspeule gehawwe; sinds 1994 gebäört dat in 't jaor midde tösse twie Zomerspeule in.

In de Aajdheid móste bij de Olympische Speule alle Griekse poleis (stadstaote) de waopes laote ligke; wee dees wapestèlstand euvertrooj mós 'n boete betaole. In de modernen tied bleek dat evels ieder andersum: In de Wereldoorlogsjaore 1916, 1940 en 1944 woorte de Speule neet gehawwe. Ouch zien de Speule 't doel gewees vaan terrorisme (in 1972 in München), vaan politiek (in 1936 in Berlien, oonder Adolf Hitler) en vaan e groet aontal boycots. De Speule vaan 2020 woorte um de COVID-19-pandemie vaan dat jaor oetgestèld tot 2021.

De Olympische Speule zien eine kier in 't Belsj gehawwe (Antwerpe, 1920) en eine kier in Nederland (Amsterdam, 1928).

### Lies vaan Olympische Speule

Records aon deilnummende len, deilnummende atlete en aontal medajel-eveneminte zien vet gezat.

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| **Zomerspeule**

| Jaor | Land | Stad | Aontal len | Aontal atlete | Aontal eveneminte | Nui sporte | Opmerkinge |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1896 | Griekeland | Athene | **14** | **241** | **43** | atletiek, weeg- en baonfietse, gewiechluffe, sjerme, sjete, tennis, turne, woorstele, zwumme | Ierste modern Speule, Athene gekoze um historische band mèt Griekeland. Zeile gepland, meh aofgelas. |
| 1900 | Fraankriek | Paries | **24** | **997** | **85** | boogsjete, cricket, croquet, golf, peerdssport (springe), pelote, polo, roeje, rugby union, touwtrèkke, voetbal, waterpolo, zeile | Deil vaan de Wereldtentoenstèlling. Ierste Speule boe-aon vrouwlui mètdege. |
| 1904 | Vereinegde Staote | St. Louis | 12 | 651 | **94** | bokse, lacrosse, roque, sjoenspringe | Deil vaan de Wereldtentoenstèlling. Ierste Speule in Noord-Amerika en ierste boete Europa. |
| 1908 | Vereineg Keuninkriek | Londe | 22 | **2.008** | **110** | kunssjaatse, Grieks-Romeins worstele, hockey, jeu de paume, motorbootrace | Insegste Speule mèt mechanische sporte, daonao verboje. |
| 1912 | Zwede | Stockholm | **28** | **2.407** | 102 | moderne viefkamp, dressuur, military | Ierste Speule mèt gebruuk vaan finishfoto's. |
| *1916* | *Duitsland* | *Berlijn* | Aofgelas um d'n Ierste Wereldoorlog. |
| 1920 | Belsj | Antwerpe | **29** | **2.626** | **156** | ieshockey | Ierste Speule oonder 't Olympisch veendel. Lèste kier wintersport op de Zomerspeule. |
| 1924 | Fraankriek | Paries | **44** | **3.089** | 126 | — | Ierste kier tot de Speule veur d'n twiede kier in dezelfde stad woorte gehawwe. |
| 1928 | Nederland | Amsterdam | **46** | 2.883 | 109 | — | Ierste Olympisch vuur. Ierste kier vrouwlui in de atletiek. |
| 1932 | Vereinegde Staote | Los Angeles | 37 | 1.332 | 117 | — |
| 1936 | Duitsland | Berlijn | **49** | **3.963** | 129 | basketbal, handbal, kanovare |  |
| *1940* | *Japan/Finland* | *Tokio/Helsinki* | Vaan Japan aofgepak nao agressie tege China, gans aofgelas nao 't oetbreke vaan d'n Twiede Wereldoorlog. |
| *1944* | *Vereineg Keuninkriek* | *Londe* | Aofgelas um d'n Twiede Wereldoorlog. |
| 1948 | Vereineg Keuninkriek | Londe | **59** | **4.104** | 136 | — |  |
| 1952 | Finland | Helsinki | **69** | **4.955** | 149 | — |  |
| 1956 | Australië | Melbourne | **72** | **3.314** | 151 | — | Ierste Speule op 't zuielek haafroond. Inkel len boycotde de Speule nao de Sovjetrussischen inval in Hongarije. |
| 1960 | Italië | Roeme | **83** | **5.338** | 150 | — |  |
| 1964 | Japan | Tokio | **93** | **5.151** | **163** | judo, volleybal | Ierste Speule in Azië. |
| 1968 | Mexico | Mexico-stad | **112** | **5.516** | **172** | — | Ierste Speule in Latiens Amerika. |
| 1972 | Duitsland | München | **121** | **7.134** | **195** | slalom-kanovare | Sterk oontseerd door 'nen aonslaag tegen 't Israëlisch team. |
| 1976 | Canada | Montreal | 92 | 6.084 | **198** | — |  |
| 1980 | Sovjet-Unie | Moskou | 80 | 5.179 | **203** | — | Geboycot door diverse westerse len. |
| 1984 | Vereinegde Staote | Los Angeles | **140** | 6.829 | **221** | ritmische gymnastiek, synchroonzwumme | Geboycot door diverse Oosbloklen, es vergelding op de westerse boycot veer jaor ieder. |
| 1988 | Zuid-Korea | Seoul | **159** | **8.391** | **237** | taofeltennis |  |
| 1992 | Spaanje | Barcelona | **169** | **9.356** | **257** | badminton, hoonkbal | Lèste Speule mèt demonstratiesporte. |
| 1996 | Vereinegde Staote | Atlanta | **197** | **10.318** | **271** | mountainbike, softbal, strandvolleybal | Ierste vrouwevoetbaltoernooj op de Olympische Speule. |
| 2000 | Australië | Sydney | **199** | **10.651** | **300** | taekwondo, trampolinespringe, triatlon |
| 2004 | Griekeland | Athene | **201** | 10.625 | **301** | — |  |
| 2008 | China | Peking | **204** | **10.942** | **302** | BMX |
| 2012 | Vereineg Keuninkriek | Londe | 204 | 10.768 | 302 | — | Ierste kier tot 'n stad de Speule drei kier organiseert. |
| 2016 | Brazilië | Rio de Janeiro | **207** | **11.544** | **306** | rugby sevens | Ierste Speule in Zuid-Amerika. Ierste kier golf sinds 1904 en ierste kier rugby sinds 1924. |
| 2021 | Japan | Tokio | 206 | 11.091 | **324** | karate, klumme, skateboarde, surfe | Trökkier vaan hoonkbal en softbal op 't program. Oersprunkelek gepland veur 2020, oetgestèld um COVID-19. |
| *2024* | *Fraankriek* | *Paries* | *n.n.b.* | *10.500* | **339** | breakdanse | Paries weurt, nao Londe, de twiede stad die de Speule drei kier organiseert. |
| *2028* | *Vereinegde Staote* | *Los Angeles* |  |  |  | flag football, squash | Ierste kier cricket sinds 1900 en ierste kier lacrosse sinds 1908. Hernuiden trökkier vaan hoonkbal en softbal. |
| *2032* | *Australië* | *Brisbane* |  |

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| **Winterspeule**

| Jaor | Land | Stad | Aontal len | Aontal atlete | Aontal eveneminte | Nui sporte | Opmerkinge |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1924 | Fraankriek | Chamonix | **16** | **258** | **16** | biatlon, bobsleeë, curling, langlaufe, Noordse combinatie, sjaatse, sjansspringe | Kunssjaatse en ieshockey waore ieder al op de Zomerspeule gedoon. Biatlon nog oonder de naom *militair patrouille*. |
| 1928 | Zwitserland | Sankt Moritz | **25** | **464** | 14 | skeleton |  |
| 1932 | Vereinegde Staote | Lake Placid | 17 | 252 | 14 | — |  |
| 1936 | Duitsland | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | **28** | **646** | **17** | alpineskië |  |
| *1940* | *Japan* | *Sapporo* | Aofgelas um d'n Twiede Wereldoorlog. |
| *1944* | *Italië* | *Cortina d'Ampezzo* | Aofgelas um d'n Twiede Wereldoorlog. |
| 1948 | Zwitserland | Sankt Moritz | **28** | **669** | **22** | — |  |
| 1952 | Noorwege | Oslo | **30** | **694** | 22 | — |  |
| 1956 | Italië | Cortina d'Ampezzo | **32** | **821** | **24** | — |  |
| 1960 | Vereinegde Staote | Squaw Valley | 30 | 665 | **27** | — |  |
| 1964 | Oosteriek | Innsbruck | **36** | **1.091** | **34** | rodele |  |
| 1968 | Fraankriek | Grenoble | 37 | **1.158** | **35** | — |  |
| 1972 | Japan | Sapporo | 35 | 1.006 | 35 | — |  |
| 1976 | Oosteriek | Innsbruck | 37 | 1.123 | **37** | iesdanse |  |
| 1980 | Vereinegde Staote | Lake Placid | 37 | 1.072 | **38** | — |  |
| 1984 | Joegoslavië | Sarajevo | **49** | **1.272** | **39** | — |  |
| 1988 | Canada | Calgary | **57** | **1.423** | **46** | — |  |
| 1992 | Fraankriek | Albertville | **64** | **1.801** | **57** | shorttrack, vrijestielskië |  |
| 1994 | Noorwege | Lillehammer | **67** | 1.737 | **61** | — | Ierste Winterspeule in e neet-olympisch jaor. |
| 1998 | Japan | Nagano | **72** | **2.176** | **68** | snowboarde | Trökkier vaan curling op 't program. |
| 2002 | Vereinegde Staote | Salt Lake City | **78** | **2.399** | **78** | — | Trökkier vaan skeleton op 't program. |
| 2006 | Italië | Turijn | **80** | **2.508** | **84** | — |  |
| 2010 | Canada | Vancouver | **82** | **2.566** | **86** | — |  |
| 2014 | Rusland | Sotsji | **88** | **2.873** | **98** | — |  |
| 2018 | *Zuid-Korea* | *Pyeongchang* | **92** | **2.905** | **102** | — |  |
| 2022 | China | Peking | 91 | 2.871 | 102 | — | Peking is de ierste stad die zoewel de Zomer- es de Winterspeule heet gehoesvès. |
| *2026* | *Italië* | *Milaan* | Nog te bepaole | E deil vaan de Speule zal plaotsvinde in Cortina d'Ampezzo, boe in 1956 de Winterspeule ouch al waore. |

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Opmerking: Neet edere sport dee debuteerde in e bepaold jaor is sindsdeen (oonaofgebroke) oonderdeil vaan 't program gebleve.

## Olympische symbole

In de ruwien vaan Olympia voont me e symbool vaan vief ring die inein griepe. Dit woort in 1913 tot 't modern logo verwèrk, en in 1914 door 't IOC aongenome. In 1920, op de Speule vaan Antwerpe, waor 't veur 't iers te zien.

De opening en sleting vaan de Speule zien ganse shows en ceremonies. Bekind zien de parade vaan de atlete en veural 't oontsteke vaan 't Olympisch Vuur. Dit weurt altied in Olympia mèt 'ne zonnespiegel aongestoke en daan weurt de fakkel nao de plaots vaan de speule gebrach. Mèt dee fakkel oontstik me daan 'ne zuil, woe-in 't vuur blijf branne tot 't bij de sleting weer gedouf weurt.

't Olympisch Vuur woort veur 't iers gebruuk bij de Speule in Amsterdam. 't Woort neet oontstoke door 'ne sporter, mer door 'ne medewèrker vaan 't gaasbedrief.

## Neveprojekte

Sinds 1960 weure de Paralympics gehawwe, Olympische speule speciaol veur gehandicapde. Al sinds 1924 bestoon de Deaflympics (veur douf lui); ouch gief 't de Special Olympics veur geistelek gehandicapde lui.

## Rifferenties