# Cultura occidentalis

*Homo Vitruvianus*, adumbratio Leonardi Vincii efferens empirismum aetate renascentiae natum.
**Cultura occidentalis** sensu lato non solum ad mores et normas sed etiam ad patrimonia ideologica, ethica ac politica refertur. Etiamque consistit in rebus arte factis peculiaribus, quarum origo aut ratio ad Europam pertinet. Praeterea culturae occidentalis sunt civitates, quarum historia immigratione Europaea pernotuit, sicut civitates America Septentrionalis atque Australasiae.

Plato, qui cum Socrate et Aristotele inter conditores philosophiae occidentalis numeratur.
Carolus Magnus.
Maiores civilizationes ex Huntington 1990 (civilizatione occidentali caeruleo obscuro).
Mariachi Mexicanum tria instrumenta occidentalia familiaria coniungit: violinas, citharas, salpinges.
*Taurocathapsia*, opus tectorium Palatii Magni apud Cnosum repertum. Artes athleticae ab antiquitate fuerunt indicia illustria culturae occidentalis.
Culturae occidentalis propria sunt complures mores artis, constitutiones legum, nec non scribendi et philosophandi traditiones praesertim ex mundo Graeco-Romano oriunda, etiamque patrimonia multorum gregum ethnicorum eorundemque linguarum, sicut Celtarum et Germanorum. Praeterea religio Christiana ad civilizationem occidentalem formandam post saeculum IV saltem quam purimum contulit. Etiam in variis vitae actibus rationalismus, a philosophis Hellenisticis, scholasticis, humanistis, illuministis, itemque ab auctoribus revolutionis scientificae et innovationis partus et traditus, ad mentes hominum Europaeorum formandas multum contulit. Existimationes culturae occidentali communes per aetates a philosophia politica ductae sunt, cum disputationes rationales cogitationi liberae, adsumptioni iurum humanorum, egalitarismo nec non democratiae faveant.

## De historia

Documenta historica originem culturae occidentalis in Europa vigentis a Graecia antiqua et Roma antiqua ducunt. Itaque cultura occidentalis continuo crevit fide Christiana per medium aevum Europaeum crebrescente, vique renascentiae ad reformationem renovationemque impellente, et denique imperiis Europaeis colonias sibi parantibus modosque vivendi educandique rationes Europaeas circa orbem terrarum inter saecula XVI et XX spargentibus. Quae cum ita sint, cultura Europaea nata est ex multiplici philosophiae, scholasticae mediaevalis, mysticismi varietate cum humanismo Christiano et saeculari coniuncta. Cogitatio rationalis per longum mutationis et formationis tempus crevit, scilicet experimentis illuminationis et inventis scientificis proficiens. Cultura Europaea, cum per orbem terrarum extenderetur, superbo appetitu alienogenarum morum tacta est.

Inclinationes rerum ac momenta, quibus definiri coeptae sunt societates occidentales hodiernae, sunt pluralismus, subculturae vel contraculturae conspicuae, sicut motus Novae Aetatis (Anglice *New Age*), et syncretismus culturalis ex globalizatione et gentiumque migratione consecutus.

## Notae

## Nexus interni

* Canon occidentalis
* Humanus Cultus Occidentalis
* Mundus occidentalis

## Bibliographia

* Ankerl, Guy. 2000. *Coexisting Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western.* Genavae: INUPRESS. ISBN 2-88155-004-5.
* Ankerl, Guy. 2000. *Global communication without universal civilization.* INU societal research, 1, Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Genavae: INU Press. ISBN 2-88155-004-5.
* Kwame Anthony Appiah, "There is no such thing as western civilisation" in *The Guardian* (9 Novembris 2016)
* Asimov, Isaac. 1982. *Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: The Lives & Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present.* Ed. secunda. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-17771-2.
* Barzun, Jacques. 2000. *From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life 1500 to the Present.* HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-017586-9.
* Buchanan, Patrick. 2002. *The Death of the West. How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Culture and Civilization.* St. Martin's Griffin .
* Debnath, Sailen. 2010. *Secularism: Western and Indian.* Dellii Novi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-81-269-1366-4.
* Derry, T. K., et Trevor I. Williams. 1960. *A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900.* Dover. ISBN 0-486-27472-1.
* Dollimore, Jonathan. 2001. *Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture.* Routledge.
* Duchesne, Ricardo. 2011. *The Uniqueness of Western Civilization.* Studies in Critical Social Sciences, 28. Leiden et Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-19248-5.
* Duran, Eduardo, et Bonnie Duran. 1995. *Native American Postcolonial Psychology.* Albaniae: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-2353-0.
* Jones, Prudence, et Nigel Pennick. 1995. *A History of Pagan Europe.* Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-7607-1210-7.
* McClellan, James E. III, et Harold Dorn.1999. *Science and Technology in World History.* Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5869-0.
* Merriman, John. 1996. *Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present.* Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-96885-5.
* Orlandis, José. 1993. *A Short History of the Catholic Church.* Scepter Publishers.
* Pastor, Ludwig von. 1898ff. *History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages; Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and other original sources.* 40 voll. Irbs Sancti Ludovici: B. Herder.
* Stearns, P. N. 2003. *Western Civilization in World History* Novi Eboraci: Routledge.
* Stein, Ralph. 1976. *The Great Inventions.* Playboy Press. ISBN 0-87223-444-4.
* Thornton, Bruce. 2002 *Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization.* Encounter Books.
* Hanson, Victor Davis, et John Heath. 2001. *Who Killed Homer: The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom.* Encounter Books.
* Walsh, James Joseph. 1908, 2003. *The Popes and Science; the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time.* Fordam University Press. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-3646-9
* Woods, Thomas E., Jr. 2005. *How The Catholic Church Built Western Civilization.* Regnery Publishing.

## Nexus externi

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Vicimedia Communia** plura habent quae ad **culturam occidentalem** spectant. |