# Pîvana Rêhesinê ya Standard

**Pîvana Rêhesinê ya Standard** pîvana rêka rêbaza 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) û 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) e. Ji pîvana standard re jî **Pîvana Stephenson** (piştî George Stephenson) tê gotin, **pîvananavneteweyî**, **pîvana UIC**, **pîvanayekreng**, **pîvananormal** û pîvana **Ewropî** li Ewropayê, û **SGR** li Rojhilatê Afrîkayê. Ew li seranserê cîhanê wekî rêbaza herî berfireh tê bikar anîn, ku bi qasî %55 ji xetên cîhanê bikar tîne. Hemû xetên trênê yên bilez ji bilî yên Rûsya, Fînlenda û Ozbekistanê pîvana standard bikar tînin. Dûrahiya di navbera keviyên hundurê rêlan ve 1435 mm tê diyar kirin, ji bilî Dewletên Yekbûyî û li ser hin rêzikên mîrata Brîtanî, di adetî/yekîneyên împaratorî yên Dewletên Yekbûyî de, tam "çar lingên heşt û nîv înç" bi 1435.1 mm re wekhev tê danasîn.

## Rêhesina destpêkê bi rêbazê

### Pîvana ne-standard

* Rêhesina Monkland û Kirkintilloch, 1824 destûra 1825 vekir, 4 ft 6 in (1372 mm) bikar anîn.
* Rêhesina Dundee û Newtyle, destûra 1829 da û 1831 vekir, 4 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1384 mm) bikar anîn.
* Rêhesina Wîlayetên Rojhilatî, di 4 Tîrmehê 1836an de destûr da, 5 ft (1524 mm) bikar anîn.
* Rêhesina London û Blackwallê, di 28 Tîrmehê 1836an de destûr da, 5 ft 1⁄2 in (1537 mm) bikar anîn.
* Rêhesina Dundee û Arbroath, di 19 Gulanê 1836an de hate saz kirin û di Cotmehê de 1838 vekir, 5 ft 6 in (1676 mm) bikar anîn, heta ku di sala 1847an de hate standard kirin.
* Rêhesina Arbroath û Forfar, di 19 Gulanê 1836an de hate saz kirin û di Mijdar de 1838 vekir, 5 ft 6 in (1676 mm) bikar anîn.
* Rêhesina Bakur û Rojhilatî, di 4 Tîrmehê 1836an de destûr da, pîvana 5 ft (1524 mm) bikar anîn.
* Rêhesina Aberdeen, 1848 vekir, heta 5 ft 6 in (1676 mm) standardkirin bikar anîn.

| Welat
 | Rêhesin
 | Peyvnot
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Albanya
 | National rail network
 | 677 km (421 mi)
 |
| Cezayîr
 | * National rail network
* Algiers Metro, Algiers tramway, Constantine tramway, Oran tramway, Oran Metro
 | 3.973 km (2.469 mi)
 |
| Angola
 |  | 80 km (50 mi)
 |
| Arjentîn
 | * General Urquiza Railway (except for Ferrocarril Económico Correntino, which used 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) before its closing)
* Buenos Aires Underground
* Metrotranvía Mendoza
* Tren de la Costa
 | Other major lines are mostly 1676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge, with the exception of the 1000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) General Belgrano Railway.
 *Agahiyên bêhtir: Rail transport in Argentina* |
| Awistralya
 | * Australian Rail Track Corporation
* Pilbara Railways
* Sydney Trains
* Sydney Metro
* Sydney Light Rail
* Newcastle Light Rail
* Parramatta Light Rail
* NSW TrainLink
* Melbourne trams
* Adelaide Metro trams
* Gold Coast tram
* Canberra Metro
* Victorian Trains (Melbourne-Albury via Moonee Valley, Melbourne-Adelaide via Gerringhap, Dimboola, Rainbow Line Yelta Line, Maryborough- Mildura)

 *Agahiyên bêhtir: List of Australian railway companies* |  *Agahiyên bêhtir: Rail gauge in Australia*
1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 2.295 km (1.426 mi)
Victoria built the first railways to the 5 ft 3 in (1600 mm) Irish broad gauge. New South Wales then built to the standard gauge, so trains had to stop on the border and passengers transferred, which was only rectified in the 1960s. Queensland still runs on a narrow gauge but there is a standard gauge line from NSW to Brisbane.

 |
| Awistirya
 | Österreichische Bundesbahnen
 | 4.859 km (3.019 mi) The Semmering railway has UNESCO World Heritage Site status.
 |
| Bengladeş
 | To be used only for rapid transit system, Dhaka Metro Rail
 | 201 km (125 mi)
 |
| Belçîka
 | NMBS/SNCB, Brussels Metro and tramway
 | 339 km (211 mi)
 |
| Bosniya û Herzegovîna
 | * Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine and Željeznice Republike Srpske
* Sarajevo tramways
 |  *Agahiyên bêhtir: Rail transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina*
1.032 km (641 mi)

 |
| Brezîl
 | Estrada de Ferro do Amapá; from Uruguaiana to the border with Argentina and from Santana do Livramento to the border with Uruguay (both mixed gauge 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) and 1000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)); remaining tracks at Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul (currently inoperable); Rio de Janeiro Light Rail; São Paulo Metro lines 4 and 5; Salvador Metro Baixada Santista Light Rail
 | 2.055 km (1.277 mi)
 |
| Bulgaristan
 | * National Railway Infrastructure Company (NRIC)
* Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ)
* Sofia Underground
* part of Sofia Tramway system
 |  |
| Kanada
 | National rail network (including commuter rail operators like GO Transit, West Coast Express, AMT and Union Pearson Express).
 | 49.422 km (30.709 mi)
The Toronto Transit Commission uses 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1495 mm) gauge on its streetcar and subway lines.

 |
| Çîn
 | National rail network
 | 103.144 km (64.091 mi)
 |
| Şîle
 | Santiago Metro
 | 140.800 km (87.489 mi)
 |
| Kroatya
 | Hrvatske Željeznice
 |  *Agahiyên bêhtir: Transport in Croatia* |
| Kolombiya
 | Metro de Medellín, Tren del Cerrejón, Metro de Bogotá
 |  |
| Kûba
 | Ferrocarriles de Cuba
 | 4.266 km (2.651 mi)
 |
| Çekya
 | * Správa železniční dopravní cesty
* Prague Metro
* all tram systems in the country (Liberec has dual gauge 1,000/1,435 mm, with one metre-gauge interurban line to Jablonec nad Nisou)
* funicular in Prague
 | 9.478 km (5.889 mi)
 |
| Danîmarka
 | Banedanmark and Copenhagen Metro
 |  |
| Cîbûtî
 | Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway
 | 100 km (62 mi)
 |
| Misir
 | Egyptian National Railways
 |  |
| Estonya
 | Rail Baltica
 | Standard-gauge Rail Baltica railway is under construction and is scheduled to be completed by 2026. Cost studies have been undertaken for a potential overhaul of entire rail network to standard-gauge.
 |
| Etiyopya
 | Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway; Addis Ababa Light Rail
 | 659 km (409 mi) Other standard gauge lines under construction.
 |
| Fînlenda
 | * Rail Baltica
* Tampere tram
* Planned: Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel
 |  |
| Fransa
 | SNCF, RATP (on RER lines)
 |  |
| Gabon
 | Trans-Gabon Railway
 | 669 km
 |
| Almanya
 | Deutsche Bahn, numerous local public transport providers
 | 43,468 km (27,010 mi)
 |
| Gurcistan
 | Georgian Railway 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) constructed between Akhalkalaki to Karstakhi for Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway
 | 26.142 km (16.244 mi)
 |
| Gana
 | G-Rail
 | New and extended SGR are being built, with some dual gauge.
 |
| Yewnanistan
 | Hellenic Railways Organisation (operated by TrainOSE)
 | All modern Greek networks, except in the Peloponnese
 |
| Kursiya pîroz
 |  | 1 km (0,62 mi)
 |
| Hong Kong
 | MTR (former KCR network – East Rail line, West Rail line, Tuen Ma line, Light Rail)
 | Other MTR lines use 1,432 mm (4 ft 8+3⁄8 in) instead of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in
 |
| Mecaristan
 | * MÁV, GySEV
* Budapest Metro
* HÉV (suburban railway)
* Tram systems in Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged
* Budapest Cog-wheel Railway
* Budapest Castle Hill Funicular
 |  |
| Hindistan
 | Only used for rapid transit and tram, Bangalore Metro, Chennai Metro, Delhi Metro (Phase 2 onwards), Rapid Metro Gurgaon, Hyderabad Metro, Jaipur Metro, Kochi Metro, Kolkata Metro (Line 2 onwards), Lucknow Metro, Mumbai Metro, Nagpur Metro, Navi Mumbai Metro and Trams in Kolkata. The under construction Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor based on the Shinkansen also uses standard gauge. All of the under-construction and future rapid transit systems would be in standard gauge.Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System
 | Indian nationwide rail system (Indian Railways) uses 1676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge.
 |
| Îndonezya
 | Jakarta LRT, Greater Jakarta LRT (under construction), Trans-Sulawesi Railway (under construction), Jakarta MRT West-east line (planned), and Jakarta-Bandung high speed networks
 | The very first railway line in Indonesia which connects Semarang to Tanggung, which later extended to Yogyakarta was laid to standard gauge. Opened in 1867, it was mostly regauged to 1,067mm/3ft6in during Japanese occupation in 1943, while a short line in Semarang Harbor soldiered on until 1945. Standard gauge railway lines made a return in 2014 on experimental railway line in Aceh.
The railway tracks of Java and Sumatra uses 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in).

 |
| Îran
 | Islamic Republic of Iran Railways
 | 12.998 km (8.077 mi)
 |
| Iraq
 | Iraqi Republic Railways
 | 485 km (301 mi)
 |
| Îrlenda
 | Transport Infrastructure Ireland
 | Luas in Dublin
 |
| Îsraêl
 | Israel Railways, CTS, operating the Jerusalem Light Rail
 |  |
| Îtalya
 | Ferrovie dello Stato
 | 16.723 km (10.391 mi)
 |
| Japon
 | Shinkansen, JR Hokkaido Naebo Works (see Train on Train), Keisei Line, Keikyu Line, Tokyo Metro (Ginza and Marunouchi lines), Toei Subway (Asakusa and Oedo lines), Kintetsu Railway (Osaka, Nara, Nagoya, Yamada, Kyoto, and Keihanna lines and their associated branches), Keihan Railway, Hankyu Railway, Hanshin Railway, Kyoto Municipal Subway, Kobe Municipal Subway, Osaka Metro, Kita-Osaka Kyuko Railway, Fukuoka City Subway (Nanakuma Line), Sendai Subway (Tozai Line), Nagoya Municipal Subway (Higashiyama, Meijō, and Meikō lines), Nose Electric Railway, Yokohama Municipal Subway (Blue and Green lines)
 | 4.251 km (2.641 mi), all electrified
 |
| Kenya
 | Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway
 | 485 km (301 mi) Inaugurated 31 May 2017. An extension from Nairobi to Naivasha is under construction. A further extension east to the Ugandan border is planned.
 |
| Laos
 | Boten–Vientiane railway
 | 414 km (257 mi), Formally opened on 3 December 2021.
 |
| Letonya
 | Rail Baltica
 | Standard-gauge Rail Baltica railway is under construction and is scheduled to be completed by 2026.
 |
| Libnan
 |  | All lines out of service and essentially dismantled
 |
| Lîbya
 | Network under construction
 |  |
| Lîtvanya
 | Rail Baltica
 | First phase, from Kaunas to the Polish border, completed in 2015. Second phase, from Kaunas north to Tallinn and from Kaunas to Vilnius, is in the design and construction phase and scheduled to be completed by 2026.
 |
| Lûksembûrg
 | Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois
 |  |
| Malezya
 | * RapidKL (Kelana Jaya Line, Ampang Line, MRT Kajang Line, MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line)
* Express Rail Link (KLIA Transit and KLIA Express)
* MRL East Coast Rail Link (under construction)
* Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail (planned)
 | 998 km (620 mi)
 |
| Meksîk
 |  *Agahiyên bêhtir: List of Mexican railroads* | 24,740 km (15,373 mi)
 |
| Monako
 |  |  |
| Montenegro
 | Željeznice Crne Gore
 | 3
 |
| Maroko
 | Rail transport in Morocco
 | 2.067 km (1.284 mi)
 |
| Nepal
 | Nepal Railways (all tracks except cross-border tracks with India are standard gauge)
 | Under-construction
 |
| Holenda
 | Nederlandse Spoorwegen and regional railways.
 |  |
| Nû Zelenda
 | Rail transport in New Zealand
 | 43.755 km (27.188 mi)
1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge chosen due to the need to cross mountainous terrain in the country's interior and the lower cost of construction.

 |
| Nîjerya
 | Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway; Lagos Rail Mass Transit
 | Under construction; Abuja to Kaduna section operational.
 |
| Korêya Bakur
 | Railways of the DPRK.
 |  |
| Makedonyaya Bakur
 | Macedonian Railways
 |  |
| Norwêc
 | Norwegian National Rail Administration, Rail transport in Norway
 | 4.087 km (2.540 mi)
 |
| Pakistan
 | To be used only for rapid transit system, Lahore Metro
 | Pakistan's nationwide rail system (Pakistan Railways) uses 1676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge. Any future additions to this system would also be in broad gauge.
 |
| Panama
 | Panama Railway; Panama Metro
 | Regauged from 5 ft (1524 mm) in 2001
 |
| Paraguay
 | Ferrocarril Presidente Don Carlos Antonio López, now Ferrocarril de Paraguay S.A. (FEPASA)
 | 36 km out of Asunción (used as a tourist steam line), plus 5 km from Encarnación to the border with Argentina, carrying mainly exported soy; the rest of the 441-km line awaits its fate, while redevelopment plans come and go with regularity. The section from west of Encarnación to north of San Salvador, plus the entire San Salvador–Abaí branch, have been dismantled by the railway itself and sold for scrap to raise funds.
 |
| Perû
 | Railway Development Corporation, Ferrocarril Central Andino (Callao–Lima–La Oroya–Huancayo and La Oroya–Cerro del Pasco lines), Ferrocarril del sur de Peru (operated by Peru Rail) Matarani–Arequipa–Puno and Puno–Cuzco, Ilo–Moquegua mining railway, Tacna–Arica (Chile) international line, (operated by Tacna Province), Lima electric suburban railway
 | 1.603 km (996 mi)
 |
| Filîpîn
 | Operational: LRT 1, LRT 2, and MRT 3. Under construction: MRT 7, MRT 4, LRT 1 South/Cavite Extension, MMS, PNR SLH, PNR NSCR, and Mindanao Railway Phase 1. All current as of March 2022.
 | 5.415 km (3.365 mi) operational, 8.996 km (5.590 mi) under construction, all electrified as of March 2022.
 |
| Philippine National Railways network, future LRT and MRT Lines (proposed)
 | nêz. 4,600 km (2,858 mi), 1,159 km (0,720 mi) will be electrified.
 |
| Polonya
 | Polskie Koleje Państwowe, Warsaw Metro, most tramway systems throughout the country
 |  |
| Portûgal
 | Planned high-speed lines, Braga and Oporto (*Guindais*) funiculars, Lisbon Metro, Oporto Metro (partly adapted from former 1000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in); tracks), Metro Transportes do Sul light rail in Almada.
 | All other railways use 1668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) (broad gauge); some use 1000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in); Decauville uses 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) gauge.
 |
| Romanya
 | * Căile Ferate Române
* Bucharest Metro
* Tram systems in Botoșani, Brăila, Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Craiova, Galați, Ploiești and Timișoara
 |  |
| Rûsya
 | Rostov-on-Don tramway, lines connecting Kaliningrad with Poland
 |  |
| Rwanda
 | Isaka–Kigali Standard Gauge Railway
 | 150 km (93 mi) New railway between Kigali and the Tanzanian town of Isaka is planned.
 |
| Erebistana Siûdî
 | Rail transport in Saudi Arabia
 |  |
| Senegal
 | * Senegal–Gambia Railway (planned)
* Senegal–Guinea Bissau Railway (planned)
 |  |
| Serbistan
 | Serbian Railways
 |  |
| Singapûr
 | Mass Rapid Transit
 | 203 km (126 mi)
 |
| Slovakya
 | Železnice Slovenskej republiky, Košice tramway system
 |  |
| Slovenya
 | Slovenske železnice
 |  |
| Afrîkaya Başûr
 | Gautrain in Gauteng Province. Rest of country uses 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
 | 80 km (50 mi)
 |
| Komara Korêyê
 | KRNA
 |  |
| Spanya
 | AVE high-speed rail lines from Madrid to Seville, Málaga, Alicante, Saragossa, Barcelona (-Perthus), Orense, Toledo, Huesca, León and Valladolid, Barcelona Metro (L2, L3, L4, and L5 lines), Barcelona FGC (lines L6 and L7), and Metro Vallès (lines S1, S2, S5, and S55)
All other railways use 1668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) (broad gauge) and/or 1000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in).

 | 3.622 km (2.251 mi)
 |
| Swêd
 | Swedish Transport Administration, Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (Stockholm metro, commuter and light rail lines), tram networks in Gothenburg, Lund and Norrköping
 |  |
| Swîsre
 | Swiss Federal Railways,
BLS,
Rigi Railways (rack railway)

 | SFR 3,134 km in standard gauge and 98 km metre gauge
449 kmŞablon:Clarify

 |
| Sûrî
 | Chemins de Fer Syriens
 | 2.052 km (1.275 mi)
 |
| Taywan
 | * Taiwan High Speed Rail
* Taipei Rapid Transit System, Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit, Taoyuan Airport MRT and Taichung Metro
* Kaohsiung Circular light rail and Danhai light rail
 | 60.464 km (37.571 mi)
 |
| Tanzanya
 | Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway
 | 202 km (126 mi) line from Dar es Salaam to Morogoro under construction. Contract awarded in 2019 for a 422 km (262 mi) extension from Morogoro to Makutupora.
 |
| Taylenda
 | * BTS Skytrain, MRT, and Suvarnabhumi Airport Link
* The State Railway of Thailand uses 1000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in).
 | 80 km (50 mi)
 |
| Tûnis
 | Northern part of the network
 | 471 km (293 mi)
 |
| Tirkiye
 | Turkish State Railways (also operates Marmaray), metro networks, and tram networks
 | Some tram networks use 1000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in).
 *Agahiyên bêhtir: Rail transport in Turkey* |
| Ûganda
 | Uganda Standard Gauge Railway
 | Railway line from Kampala to the Kenyan border is planned.
 |
| Mîrgehên Yekbûyî yên Ereban
 | Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates
 |  |
| Keyaniya Yekbûyî
 | Entire rail network in Great Britain (but not Ireland) since standardisation by the Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846
 | Also used on all metro and tramway systems with the exception of the self-contained Glasgow Subway, which is 4 ft (1219 mm).
 |
| DYA
 | * Modern national railroad network; *see* Track gauge in the United States
* The Washington Metro uses 4 ft 8+1⁄4 in (1429 mm) gauge, which is 6 mm (0,24 in) narrower than standard gauge.
* The Bay Area Rapid Transit system uses 5 ft 6 in (1676 mm).
 | 129.774 km (80.638 mi)
 |
| Ûrûguay
 | National rail network
 | 2.900 km (1.800 mi)
 |
| Viyetnam
 | Bakurê Hanoi
 | 178 km (111 mi). Includes dual gauge (standard/metre) to the Chinese border.
 |

## Binêre herwiha

* Pîvana standard (trênên pêlîstok)
* Lîsteya pîvanên rêkê#Pîvana standard § Not
* Lîsteya pergalên tramvayê ji hêla pîvan û elektrîkê ve
* Track gauge
* Rêzkirina Qanûna Rêhesinê ya 1846

## Çavkanî

## Girêdanên derve

* "The Sydney Morning Herald". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. 23 gulan 1892. r. 4. Roja gihiştinê 14 tebax 2011 – bi riya National Library of Australia., a discussion of gauge in Australia circa 1892
* "Standard Railway Gauge". *Townsville Bulletin*. 5 çiriya pêşîn 1937. r. 12. Roja gihiştinê 19 adar 2014 – bi riya National Library of Australia., a discussion of the Roman gauge origin theory.

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