# Pehlewî

| Pehlewî
 |
| --- |
| Welatên lê tê axaftin
 |  |
| Axiverên zimanê zikmakî
 |  |
| Malbata zimanî
 | Zimanên hind û ewropî
* Zimanên hind û îranî
	+ Zimanên îranî
		- Zimanên îranî yên rojava
			* Zimanên îranî yên başûrê rojava
				+ Pehlewî
 |
| Awayên kevn
 |
| Sîstema nivîsê
 | Alfabeya pehlewî, nivîsa avestayî, alfabeya maniyî
 |
| Kodên zimanî
 |
| ISO 639-2
 | pal |
| ISO 639-3
 | pal – Macrolanguage individual codes: pal – "Pehlewî" xmn – Nivîsa maniyî
 |
| Linguasphere
 | 58-AAC-ca(Pehlewî) |

**Pehlewî**, **partî** zimaneke kevnar a îranî ye ev ziman ji sedsala sêyem a berî zayînê heya sedsala heftem a piştî zayînê li Îranê hatiye bikaranîn. Zimanê berî vî zimanê wek pehlewiya kevnar hatiye naskirin.

Du qonaxên diyar di dîroka pehlewî de berçav in: pehlewiya eşkaniyan (248ê berî zayînê– 224ê piştî zayînê) û pehlewiya sasaniyan (224–651 piştî zayînê). Pehlewî tevî zimanên kevin ên dî yên îranî yên wekî suxdî, xwarezmî û osetî li kar bûye. Pehlewî ya ku li dema emperatoriya sasaniyan li kar bûye bi navê pehlewî navdar e. Lê bi her awayî bit, havilî û wekheviya vî zimanî digel zimanê kurdî, nemaze kurmanciyê gelek ji haviliya wê bi farisî ya îro re zêdetir e. Ev ziman zimanê fermî yê sasaniyan bûye.

Çavkaniyên Pehlewî yên ku heta îro hatiye diyar dike ku Pehlewiyan nîjadek arî bû û ji welatê xwe re wek Îranşehr (Welatê Gelên Îraniyan) bi nav dikirin. Hemû nîjadên Arî tê de dijîya ku xwe wekî nûnerên hemû gelên Îraniyan didîtin. Piraniya têgînên etnîkî wek **farisî**, **kurdî**, **tirkî**, **erebî** û hwd, di nivîsên Pehlewî de hatine bikaranîn. Tû belgenameyek dîrokî li ser tev Faris bûna wan nine. Wî demê, **Faris** wek **Pārsīg** dihate binavkirin.,
 Angaşta/Îdiaya ku **Pehlewî** "Farisiya Navîn" e, bêbingehîn e. Her wisa danasîna "Farisiya Kevn" ji aliyê farisan ve, ne di cihê xwe de ye; ji ber ku yê jê re dibêjin "Farisiya Kevn" zimanê Arî ye û koka hemû gelên Îranî ye û ji mêj de ji aliyê Medan ve dihate bikaranîn. Eşkere ye çavkaniyên yewnaniya kevn diyar dike ku Medan re, berê ve, wek Arî dihate bi nav kirin derbas dibe. Bêhna nijadperestiya faris di her du pênaseyên jor de tête.

## Berhevdana pehlewî û kurmancî

,
,

| Pehlewî
 | Kurmancî
 | Inglîzî
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A
 | A
 | A
 |
| ab
 | av
 | water
 |
| abad
 | ava
 | thriving/prosperous
 |
| abadan
 | avabûn
 | thriving/prosperous
 |
| a-behr
 | bê-beş/bê-behr
 | portionless/deprived
 |
| abam
 | wam
 | loan/debt
 |
| aber
 | berz/berztir
 | higher/superior
 |
| abaxter
 | bakur
 | north
 |
| ab-çihreg
 | av-çira
 | essence of water
 |
| ab-dan
 | av-dank
 | water-holder
 |
| abdest
 | avdest
 | hand-guard
 |
| abê-
 | a bê(yî)-
 | without/ -less
 |
| abê-ber
 | a bê ber(hem)
 | fruitless
 |
| abê-bêş
 | a bê êş
 | unharmed
 |
| abê-guman
 | a bê-guman
 | without doubt/certain
 |
| abê-niyaz
 | a bê niyaz
 | free from want
 |
| abêr
 | pir
 | very/much
 |
| abê-rah
 | a bê rê
 | erring
 |
| abestag
 | avesta
 | avesta
 |
| abestan/abustan
 | spartin/sitar
 | refuge/trust
 |
| a-bêş
 | a bê êş
 | harmless/invulnerable
 |
| abê-winah
 | a bê guneh
 | innocent
 |
| abgan-/abgandan
 | avêtin
 | throw
 |
| abgênag
 | abegîne
 | glass/crystal
 |
| abîg
 | avî/avîn
 | aquatic/watery
 |
| abnûs
 | ebenûs
 | ebony
 |
| abr
 | ewr
 | cloud
 |
| abrang
 | ewreng
 | glory/splendour
 |
| abraz
 | evraz/hevraz
 | acclivity
 |
| abrêşom
 | hevrîşim
 | silk
 |
| abus
 | avis
 | pregnant
 |
| a-çar
 | neçar
 | inevitable
 |
| a-dad
 | bê dad
 | unjust/illegal
 |
| a-dard
 | bê derd
 | painless
 |
| adên-
 | anîn
 | bring/lead
 |
| adûr
 | agir
 | fire/the God "Fire"
 |
| adur-gah
 | agirgeh
 | fire altar
 |
| afrîdan/afrîn-
 | afirîn
 | create/praise/bless
 |
| afsan
 | efsane
 | story/fable
 |
| afson
 | efsûn
 | spell/incantation
 |
| afsûdan
 | efsûn kirin
 | enchant/protect by spell
 |
| afurîdan
 | afirandin
 | create
 |
| agah
 | agah/ageh
 | aware/knowing
 |
| agahîh
 | agahî/agahdarî
 | knowledge
 |
| agahênîdan
 | agahdayîn
 | inform
 |
| agar
 | ger/heger
 | if
 |
| a-guman
 | bê-guman
 | without doubt/certain
 |
| ahan
 | asin/hesin
 | iron
 |
| ahangar
 | asinger
 | blacksmith
 |
| ahreman
 | ahrîman
 | the Evil Spirit
 |
| ahug
 | ahû
 | gazelle
 |
| alag
 | alî
 | side
 |
| almas(t)
 | elmas/almas
 | diamond
 |
| aluh
 | eylo
 | eagle
 |
| ama
 | em/me
 | we/us
 |
| a-mar
 | bê jimar
 | countless/innumerable
 |
| a-marg
 | ne-mir
 | deathless/undying
 |
| ambar
 | ember
 | ambergris
 |
| anar
 | anar/hinar
 | pomegranate
 |
| anargêl
 | nargêl
 | coconut
 |
| andak
 | hindik
 | little/few
 |
| andaron
 | hundurîn
 | inside/within
 |
| angubên
 | hingivîn/hûngiv
 | honey
 |
| anîdan
 | anîn
 | bring/lead
 |
| anîg
 | enî/anî
 | front/forehead
 |
| anjîr
 | hejîr/hêjîr
 | fig
 |
| aranj
 | aren/enîşk
 | elbow
 |
| ard
 | ard/arvan
 | flour
 |
| argawan
 | erxiwanî
 | purple
 |
| arwês
 | werîs
 | rope
 |
| asan
 | asan/hêsan
 | easy/at rest/peaceful
 |
| asêm
 | sîm/zîv
 | silver
 |
| asman
 | ezman/asman
 | sky/heavens
 |
| asp
 | hesp/esp
 | horse
 |
| ast(ag)
 | estî/hestî
 | bone
 |
| aswar
 | siwar/siwarî
 | horseman/rider
 |
| aşkarag
 | eşkere
 | obvious/evident
 |
| aşma
 | şima (Zaza dialect)
 | you
 |
| aşnag
 | aşna/nas
 | known
 |
| aştîh
 | aştî/aşitî
 | peace
 |
| ataxş
 | agir
 | fire
 |
| awahan
 | avahî
 | stronghold
 |
| awar
 | were
 | come!
 |
| awaz
 | awaz
 | voice/sound
 |
| awêran
 | wêran
 | desolate/ruined
 |
| awestad
 | hosta
 | master (craftsman)
 |
| awestarag
 | usture/ustura
 | razor
 |
| awêşan
 | ew/wan/ewan
 | they/those
 |
| a-winah
 | bê-guneh
 | innocent
 |
| awiştadan
 | vewestan
 | stand
 |
| awurdan/awar-
 | anîn/overden (Zaza)
 | bring
 |
| axtar
 | star/astêre
 | star
 |
| axw
 | axa
 | lord/agha
 |
| a-xwamn
 | bê-xew
 | sleepless
 |
| axwarr
 | axûr/axur
 | manger/stable
 |
| a-xwaş
 | ne-xweş
 | unpleasant/unhappy
 |
| a-xwaşîh
 | ne-xweşî
 | unhappiness
 |
| ayab
 | an/yan
 | or
 |
| ayad
 | yad/yadgarî
 | memory
 |
| ayar
 | yar/nasyar
 | helper/friend
 |
| ayarîdan/ayar-
 | arîkarî/yarmetî
 | help/assist
 |
| ayozîdan/ayoz-
 | alozî
 | trouble/disturb
 |
| az
 | ez
 | I
 |
| azad
 | aza/azad
 | noble/free
 |
| azadîh
 | azadî/azayî
 | freedom/gratitude
 |
| azar
 | azar
 | torment
 |
| azardan
 | azardan
 | torment/injure
 |
| azêr
 | jêr/jêrîn
 | below/under
 |
| B
 | B
 | B
 |
| bay
 | bax
 | garden/orchard
 |
| bahr
 | behr/par
 | part/portion/lot
 |
| baj
 | bac
 | tribute/tax
 |
| balag
 | bal/bask
 | wing
 |
| balay
 | bala (wek: bejn û bala)
 | height/stature
 |
| balên
 | balîf/balgî
 | cushion/pillow
 |
| balîş
 | balîf/balgeh
 | cushion/pillow
 |
| band
 | bend/bende
 | bond/link
 |
| bang
 | beng (giyayek)
 | henbane
 |
| banûg
 | banû
 | lady
 |
| bar
 | ber+-(hem)
 | fruit/produce
 |
| barag
 | bor/bergîl (=hesp)
 | horse
 |
| barîg
 | barîk/tenik
 | thin/fine/subtle
 |
| bastan/bast-
 | bestin/bend
 | tie/bind
 |
| başn
 | bejn
 | stature/mane
 |
| baxt
 | bext
 | fortune/fate
 |
| baz
 | baz
 | hawk/falcon
 |
| bazm
 | bezm
 | meal/feast
 |
| bê
 | bê
 | but/out
 |
| bêaz
 | bê/bêyî
 | without
 |
| bêganag
 | biyanî
 | strange/stranger
 |
| bêh
 | bih/bîhok
 | quince
 |
| bêl
 | bêr/bêll(Soranî)
 | spade
 |
| bêlûr
 | belûr
 | crystal
 |
| bêş-
 | êş
 | pain/sorrow
 |
| bêwar
 | bêjimar
 | myriad
 |
| bistag
 | bindeq/berû
 | hazelnut
 |
| biştan/bêş-
 | êş/êşan/êşîn
 | hurt/torment
 |
| bizeşk
 | bijîşk
 | doctor/physician
 |
| bor
 | bor/boron
 | reddish~brown/bay(horse)
 |
| borz
 | berz
 | high
 |
| boy
 | bên/bêhn/bon(Sorani)
 | smell/scent
 |
| brad
 | bra/bira
 | brother
 |
| brêhênîdan
 | biryardan
 | decree
 |
| brîn
 | birîn/birrîn
 | cut/division
 |
| brinj-1
 | birinc
 | rice
 |
| brinj-2
 | bronz/birinc
 | bronze/brass
 |
| briştan
 | biraştin/qelîn
 | roast
 |
| brûg
 | brû
 | eyebrow
 |
| bûdan
 | bûn/bûyîn
 | become
 |
| buland
 | bilind/berz
 | high
 |
| bun
 | bin/binî/binyad
 | base/bottom
 |
| burg
 | birc
 | tower
 |
| buz
 | bizin/bize
 | goat
 |
| Ç
 | Ç
 | Ç
 |
| çabuk
 | çalak
 | agile/nimble
 |
| çadur
 | çadir/çerçev
 | sheet/veil
 |
| çah
 | çal
 | pit/well
 |
| çakuç
 | çekûç
 | hammer
 |
| çambar
 | çember
 | circle/hoop
 |
| çand
 | çend
 | how many/much?
 |
| çang
 | çeng/harp
 | harp
 |
| çarag
 | çêrgeh/çêran
 | pasture/grazing
 |
| çarag
 | çare
 | means/remedy
 |
| çarm
 | çerm
 | skin/hide/leather
 |
| çarz
 | çêrg/çîrk
 | bustard
 |
| çast
 | çêst (Soranî)/xwarîn
 | lunch, meal
 |
| çaxşişn
 | çêş/çêşt(Soran)
 | taste/flavour
 |
| çatrang
 | şetrenc/kişik
 | chess
 |
| çê
 | çi
 | what/which
 |
| çêray
 | çira/çima
 | for what/why
 |
| çê-êwênag
 | çawa
 | how
 |
| çegamiz
 | çendek
 | a little/whatever
 |
| çehel
 | çel/çil
 | forty
 |
| çîdan/çîn-
 | civîn
 | gather/pile up
 |
| çinar
 | çinar
 | plane treee
 |
| çiray
 | çira/çire
 | lamp
 |
| çiyon
 | çawa
 | as/like/how
 |
| çob
 | ço/çov
 | wood/stick
 |
| D
 | D
 | D
 |
| dad
 | dad/dadî
 | law/justice
 |
| dad
 | didan/diran
 | tooth
 |
| dadan/dah-
 | dan/dayîn
 | give/create
 |
| dadîg
 | dadî
 | legal
 |
| dadwar
 | dadwer
 | judge
 |
| daftar
 | defter
 | register/account-book
 |
| dagr/dagrand
 | dirêj
 | long
 |
| dahan
 | dev
 | mouth
 |
| dam
 | dav
 | trap/snare
 |
| dan(ag)
 | dan/dane
 | seed/grain
 |
| danag
 | zana/zane
 | knowing
 |
| dandan
 | didan/diran
 | tooth
 |
| danistam/dan-
 | zanîn
 | know
 |
| dar
 | derî
 | door/palace
 |
| dar
 | dar
 | tree
 |
| dard
 | derd
 | pain
 |
| darên
 | darî/darîn
 | wooden
 |
| dargah
 | dergeh
 | doorway
 |
| darman
 | derman
 | remedy/medicine
 |
| darrîdan/darr-
 | derz/derizîn
 | split/tear
 |
| darz
 | dirûn/derzî
 | seam/needle
 |
| das
 | das/dasik
 | sickle
 |
| dast
 | dest
 | gift/reward
 |
| dastag
 | deste
 | bunch/bundle/group
 |
| dastgîr
 | destgîr
 | captive
 |
| dastkarîh
 | destkarî
 | handiwork
 |
| dastyar
 | destyar
 | helper
 |
| daşt
 | deşt
 | plain/open ground
 |
| day
 | da(y)/dayîn
 | creator
 |
| dêw
 | dêw
 | demon/devil
 |
| dêwan
 | dîwan
 | archive/collected writings
 |
| dêwar
 | dîwar
 | wall
 |
| dibîrestan
 | dibistan
 | school
 |
| dîdan/wên-
 | dîtin/veynayış(Zaza)
 | see
 |
| dîdar
 | dîdar
 | sight/visible
 |
| didom/dowom
 | duyem
 | second
 |
| dil
 | dil
 | heart
 |
| dilêr
 | dilêr
 | brave
 |
| do-pay
 | du-pê
 | human being
 |
| dost
 | dost
 | friend
 |
| dostîh
 | dost/dostî
 | friendship/love
 |
| doxtan/doş-
 | doşîn/şîr
 | milk
 |
| doxtan/doz-
 | dotin/doşîn
 | sew
 |
| drafş
 | direfş/bandêr
 | banner
 |
| dra(h)nay
 | dirêjahî
 | length
 |
| draya(b)
 | derya
 | sea
 |
| draz
 | drêj/dirêj
 | long
 |
| driyoş/darwêş
 | derwêş
 | poor/needy/dervish
 |
| dro
 | direw/derew
 | lie/deceit
 |
| droş/droşom
 | dirûşm
 | mark/slogan
 |
| drûdan/drûn-
 | drûn/dirûn
 | reap/mow
 |
| drust
 | drust/dirust
 | right/well/healthy
 |
| druşt
 | dirişt
 | harsh/rough/severe
 |
| dûd
 | dû/dûman
 | smoke
 |
| dûr
 | dûr
 | far/distant/remote
 |
| duşmen
 | dujmin/dijmin
 | enemy
 |
| duşox
 | dûjeh/dûzex
 | hell
 |
| duşwar
 | dijwar
 | difficult/disagreeable
 |
| duxt
 | dot
 | daughter
 |
| duz(d)
 | diz
 | thief
 |
| duzîdan
 | dizî/dizîn
 | steal
 |
| E
 | E
 | E
 |
| êbarag/êwar
 | êvar
 | evening
 |
| êç
 | hîç
 | not any/none
 |
| êdar
 | ev der/vê derê
 | here
 |
| ên
 | ev/em (Soranî)
 | this
 |
| êr
 | mêr+-(xas)
 | hero
 |
| êran
 | êran/îran
 | Eran/Aryan/not≠Persian
 |
| êranşahr
 | êranşar/êranşahr
 | land of the Aryans/≠not Persia
 |
| ê
 | ê/êk/yek
 | a/one
 |
| êwan
 | liwan/hevsar/bizmik
 | bridle
 |
| êwênag
 | awêne (Soranî)/eyne
 | mirror
 |
| êw-san
 | yeksan
 | uniform/(a)like
 |
| êzm
 | êzing
 | firewood/fuel
 |
| F
 | F
 | F
 |
| fîlasofa
 | fîlozof
 | philosopher
 |
| framadar
 | fermandar
 | commander/ruler/chief
 |
| framan
 | ferman
 | order/command
 |
| framoş
 | feramoş
 | forgotten
 |
| frax
 | fire/fireh
 | large/wide/spacious
 |
| frazand
 | ferzend
 | child/son/offspring
 |
| frazen
 | ferzîn
 | (chess)queen
 |
| frêstag
 | frîşte/firîşte
 | apostle/angel
 |
| froxtan
 | firotin
 | sell
 |
| fruşag
 | firo/firu
 | beestings
 |
| G
 | G
 | G
 |
| gabr/gor
 | gor
 | hollow/cavity/womb
 |
| gaç
 | vgêç (kirin)
 | plaster/gypsum
 |
| gah (cah)
 | cî/cîh
 | place/throne/bed
 |
| gahl
 | gilgil
 | sorghum/giant millet
 |
| galog
 | gerû/gelî
 | throat
 |
| gam
 | gav/gam (Zaza dîalect)
 | pace/step/stride
 |
| gand
 | genî
 | stench
 |
| gandak (candak)
 | cendek
 | foul/stinking
 |
| gandum
 | genim
 | wheat
 |
| ganj
 | genc/kenz
 | treasure/treasury
 |
| garan
 | giran
 | heavy/serious/difficult
 |
| gardan
 | gerden
 | neck
 |
| garm
 | germ
 | warm/hot
 |
| gaw
 | ga
 | ox/bull/cow
 |
| gawars
 | garis
 | sorghum/giant millet
 |
| gawdar
 | golik
 | calf
 |
| gaw-mêş
 | gamêş
 | buffalo
 |
| gaz
 | gez/gers/dargez
 | tamarisk
 |
| gazidan/gaz-
 | gezkirin/ gez-
 | biting
 |
| gêhan/jahan
 | cîhan
 | world
 |
| gil
 | gil/kîl
 | clay
 |
| gilag
 | gilî/gazin
 | complaint/lamentation
 |
| gird
 | glol/grover
 | round/circular/gathered
 |
| girdak
 | girk
 | disk/round
 |
| gişnîz
 | gijnîj
 | coriander
 |
| giya(h)
 | giya(h)/giha
 | grass
 |
| gogird
 | gogird/kifrît
 | sulphur
 |
| gohr/gohrag
 | gewher/girte
 | substance/essence/jewel
 |
| gomêz
 | gamîz/mîzê ga
 | bull's urine
 |
| gon
 | gon/reng
 | colour/complexion
 |
| goş
 | guh
 | ear
 |
| goşt
 | goşt
 | meat/flesh
 |
| goşwar
 | guhar
 | ear-ring
 |
| goy
 | gog
 | ball
 |
| goz
 | gûz
 | walnut
 |
| gramîg
 | giramî/rêzgirî
 | treasured/dear
 |
| griftan/gîr-
 | girtin
 | take/hold/restrain
 |
| griftar
 | giriftar/girtî
 | held/taken/captive
 |
| grih
 | girêk
 | knot
 |
| grîw
 | qirrik/gurrg
 | neck/throat
 |
| grîwag
 | gir/girik
 | hill/ridge
 |
| giriyistan/griy-
 | girîn
 | weep/cry
 |
| groh
 | gurûh
 | group/crowd
 |
| guftan/go(w)-
 | gotin
 | say/speak
 |
| guftar
 | gotevan
 | speaker
 |
| gugay/guwah
 | gewa(h)/guvah/govan
 | witness
 |
| gûh
 | gû
 | dung/excrement
 |
| guman
 | guman
 | doubt
 |
| gumbad
 | gumbet
 | dome/fire-temple
 |
| gund
 | gun/hêlik
 | testicle
 |
| gurdag
 | gurçik
 | kidney
 |
| gurdîh
 | gurz
 | armour
 |
| gurg
 | gûr/gur
 | wolf
 |
| gyag (cyag)
 | cî/cîh
 | place
 |
| gyan/jan (can)
 | giyan/can
 | soul/ghost
 |
| H
 | H
 | H
 |
| haft
 | heft
 | seven
 |
| haftad
 | hefte
 | week
 |
| ham
 | him
 | also/same
 |
| hamaber/hambar
 | embar
 | storehouse
 |
| hamag/hambastag
 | hemû/hemî
 | all
 |
| hamal
 | hemrê/hevrê/heval
 | equal/peer/comrade
 |
| hamboy-/boy
 | bon/bêhn
 | smell
 |
| hamêşag
 | herdem/hemîşe (Soranî)
 | always
 |
| ham-gonag
 | herwiha
 | likewise/so
 |
| hamîn
 | havîn
 | summer
 |
| hamîst
 | hemî/hemû
 | all
 |
| ham-kar
 | hemkar/hevkar
 | collaborator
 |
| hammoxtar
 | xwendekar
 | learner
 |
| hammozgar/amozgar
 | mamoste/hînker
 | teacher
 |
| hamoyên
 | hemûya(n)
 | all
 |
| handan/andam
 | endam
 | member/limb
 |
| hangam
 | hengam
 | time/occasion
 |
| harg
 | erk
 | duty/tribute/work
 |
| har(w)
 | her
 | all/each/every
 |
| harzag/harza
 | harzan/erzan
 | loose/free
 |
| haşagird/hawişt
 | şagird/şagirt
 | disciple/pupil
 |
| haşt
 | heşt
 | eight
 |
| haxt
 | hêt
 | thigh/haunch/hip
 |
| hên
 | hêz
 | army
 |
| hixr
 | rêx
 | excrement
 |
| Hrom/Rûm
 | Rom/Rum
 | Byzantium/Rome
 |
| hunar
 | hinêr
 | virtue/ability/skill
 |
| huşk/xuşk
 | hişk
 | dry
 |
| I
 | I
 | I
 |
| im
 | ev/vî/vê
 | this
 |
| imroz
 | evroj/evro/îro
 | today
 |
| J
 | J
 | J
 |
| jadûg (cadûg)
 | cadû
 | sorcerer/magician
 |
| jagar
 | ceger/kezeb
 | liver
 |
| jahûd
 | jihû
 | Jew
 |
| jam (cam)
 | cam
 | glass
 |
| jang
 | ceng
 | struggle/battle/fight
 |
| jar
 | car
 | time/occasion
 |
| jaşn
 | cejn
 | celebration/festival
 |
| jaw
 | ceh
 | barley
 |
| jawêd
 | cawîd
 | eternal
 |
| jawêdan
 | cawîdanî
 | eternally/always
 |
| joma
 | cem/ligel/tevî
 | together with/both
 |
| jo(y) (co)
 | co/cok
 | stream/channel
 |
| jud(ag)
 | cûda
 | separate/different
 |
| jûdan/joy-
 | cûn/cûtin
 | chew/devour
 |
| juy
 | coq
 | yoke
 |
| juwan/jawan
 | ciwan
 | young/a youth
 |
| juxt
 | cot
 | pair/couple
 |
| K
 | K
 | K
 |
| ka
 | ku
 | when/if/since
 |
| kaf
 | kef
 | foam/slime
 |
| kafç
 | kefçe
 | ladle/skimmer
 |
| kaftan/kaf-
 | ketin
 | fall
 |
| kah
 | ka
 | chaff/straw
 |
| kahwan
 | kevn
 | old
 |
| kam
 | kêm
 | little/small/few
 |
| kamar
 | kemer
 | waist/belt/girdle
 |
| kamist
 | kêmî/kêmtirî(n)
 | least
 |
| kanar
 | kenar
 | side/edge/embrace
 |
| kandan/kan-
 | kolan/kolandin
 | dig/raze/destroy
 |
| kanîg
 | kêna/keyna (Zaza dia.)
 | girl/maid
 |
| kar
 | kar
 | work/deed/affair
 |
| karafs
 | kerefs
 | celery
 |
| karak
 | kerank/kerrank
 | quail
 |
| karawan
 | karavan
 | caravan
 |
| kard
 | kêr
 | knife
 |
| kardar
 | kardêr/kardar
 | active/worker/doer
 |
| kargas
 | kerges/kergez
 | vulture
 |
| kark
 | kerk/mirîşk
 | chicken/hen
 |
| karr
 | kerr/ker
 | deaf
 |
| karzang
 | kerjînk/kevcal
 | crab
 |
| kas
 | kes
 | person/somebody
 |
| kaşk
 | keşk
 | dried buttermilk
 |
| kaştîg
 | keştî
 | boat/ship
 |
| kayk
 | kêç
 | flea
 |
| kê
 | kî/kê
 | who/which
 |
| kem/kam
 | kêm
 | less/fewer
 |
| kênwar
 | kîndar
 | vengeful/vindictive
 |
| kêr
 | kîr
 | penis
 |
| keşîdan/keş-
 | kêşan
 | pull/draw
 |
| kilêl
 | kilîl/kilîd
 | key
 |
| kirm
 | kurm/kirm
 | worm/serpent
 |
| kişwar
 | kişwer
 | continent
 |
| koftan/kob-
 | kutan
 | beat/pound/crush
 |
| kor
 | kor
 | blind
 |
| koşk
 | koşk
 | pavilion/palace/kiosk
 |
| ko(x)şîdan/ko(x)ş-
 | têkoşîn
 | strive/struggle/endeavour
 |
| kû
 | kû
 | where/that/than
 |
| kûçak
 | biçûk/piçûk
 | small
 |
| kûk
 | qut/kurt
 | small/short
 |
| kulaf
 | kulav
 | cap/bonnet
 |
| kulang
 | qûling/quling
 | crane
 |
| kullag
 | kulî
 | locust
 |
| kûn
 | qûn
 | buttocks/anus
 |
| kunjid
 | kuncî
 | sesame
 |
| kurrag
 | kurî/kûrîşk/ca(h)nî
 | foal/colt
 |
| kuştan/kuş-
 | kuştin
 | kill
 |
| L
 | L
 | L
 |
| lab
 | lêv
 | lip
 |
| labag
 | lava (kirin)
 | supplication
 |
| larzîdan/larz-
 | lerzîn/lerizîn
 | shiver/tremhle
 |
| laşkar
 | leşker
 | army (soldier)
 |
| M
 | M
 | M
 |
| ma
 | na/ne
 | not
 |
| mad
 | mad/mak/ma
 | mother
 |
| madag
 | mê
 | female
 |
| madar
 | ma/mak
 | mother
 |
| madîyan
 | mehîn
 | mare
 |
| magas
 | mêş
 | fly
 |
| mah
 | meh
 | moon/month
 |
| mahîg
 | masî
 | fish
 |
| mahist
 | mezin(tirîn)
 | greatest
 |
| man
 | min
 | I/me
 |
| manag
 | mîna
 | like/resembling
 |
| mand
 | mal
 | house
 |
| mandag
 | mandî
 | tired/remiss/fault
 |
| mandan/man-
 | man/mayîn
 | stay/remain
 |
| mar
 | mar
 | snake
 |
| mard
 | mêr/merd
 | man
 |
| mardanag
 | mêrane/mêranî
 | manly/brave
 |
| mast
 | mest
 | bemused/intoxicated
 |
| mast
 | mast
 | curds/sour milk
 |
| maxş
 | mêş
 | fly
 |
| may
 | mey
 | wine
 |
| mazg
 | mejî
 | brain/marrow
 |
| mazgit
 | mizgeft
 | mosque
 |
| mêx
 | mij
 | cloud/mist
 |
| mehman
 | mêvan
 | inhabitant/guest
 |
| mêrag
 | mêr
 | young man/husband
 |
| mêş
 | mî/mê
 | sheep/ewe
 |
| mêşag
 | mîz
 | urine
 |
| mêwag
 | mêwe/fêkî
 | fruit
 |
| mêx
 | mix/mîx(kirin)
 | peg/nail
 |
| mêzîdan
 | mêj/mêjîn
 | suck
 |
| mihr
 | mehr/mehir
 | contract/bond
 |
| mihrban
 | mîhrîban/mihrevan
 | friendly/kind
 |
| mij(ag)
 | mijang/bijang
 | eyelid/eyelash
 |
| mistan/mêz-
 | mîz (kirin)
 | urinate
 |
| mor
 | mûrî
 | ant
 |
| mord
 | mord/mitek/mûtik
 | myrtle
 |
| morwarîd
 | morî(k)
 | pearl
 |
| moy
 | mû/por
 | hair
 |
| moz
 | mûz
 | banana
 |
| muhr
 | mor/mohr
 | seal
 |
| murdan/mir-
 | mirin
 | die
 |
| murdar
 | mirar
 | carrion
 |
| muşk (1)
 | misk
 | musk
 |
| muşk (2)
 | mişk
 | mouse/rat
 |
| muşt
 | mist/kulm
 | fist
 |
| muştan/mal-
 | mist dan/miz dan
 | rub/sweep
 |
| N
 | N
 | N
 |
| nab/nawa
 | nevî
 | grandson
 |
| naft
 | nem
 | moist/damp/naphtha
 |
| nal-
 | nalîn
 | groan/complain
 |
| nam
 | nav
 | name/fame
 |
| namag
 | name
 | book/letter
 |
| namîg
 | navdar
 | famous/renowned
 |
| nan
 | nan
 | bread/food
 |
| nar
 | nêr
 | male/manly
 |
| narm
 | nerm
 | meek/humble/soft
 |
| nargis
 | nêrgiz
 | narcissus
 |
| naxun
 | nînok/neynik
 | (finger) nail
 |
| nay
 | ney
 | tube/flute/clarion
 |
| nazdîk
 | nêz/nêzîk
 | near
 |
| nazuk
 | nazik
 | tender/gentle/fickle
 |
| nê
 | ne/na
 | no/not
 |
| nêm
 | nîv/nêv/nîm/nême
 | half
 |
| nêmroz
 | nîvro/nîvroj
 | midday/south
 |
| nêrang
 | nêreng
 | incantation/charm/spell
 |
| nêzag
 | nize/nêze/rim
 | lance
 |
| nibêg/niwê
 | nivîs
 | writing/scripture/book
 |
| nibiştan/nibês-
 | nivisîn
 | write
 |
| nifrîn
 | nifrîn
 | curse
 |
| nigah
 | nîga
 | look/attention
 |
| nigar-
 | nîgar
 | draw/design/paint
 |
| nihan
 | nihênî
 | concealment/secrecy
 |
| nîl
 | nîl
 | indigo
 |
| nîlopal
 | nîlûfer
 | lotus/water-lily
 |
| nimûdan/nimay-
 | nimandin
 | show/guide
 |
| nîşan
 | nîşan
 | sign/mark/banner
 |
| nişastan/nişan-
 | nişîn/rûniştin
 | sit
 |
| nişêb
 | nişîv/nişîvî
 | declivity
 |
| niwag
 | newa
 | melody
 |
| niyaz
 | niyaz
 | need/want/misery
 |
| nog
 | nû
 | new/recent
 |
| nog-zad
 | nû-za
 | new-born
 |
| nûn
 | niho/niha/noke
 | now
 |
| O
 | O
 | O
 |
| oham kardan
 | kom kirin
 | gather
 |
| oş
 | hiş/hoş (Soranî)
 | consciousness/intelligence
 |
| oşmarag
 | hejmar(tin)/jimartin
 | calculation/reckoning
 |
| oşyar
 | hişyar
 | conscious
 |
| oy/awêşan
 | ew/ewana
 | he/she/that
 |
| oz
 | hêz
 | strength/power
 |
| P
 | P
 | P
 |
| padaşn
 | padaş/xelat
 | reward/retribution
 |
| padêz
 | payîz
 | autumn
 |
| padîriftan
 | pejirandin
 | receive/accept
 |
| padisar
 | hefsar/hepsar
 | bridle/halter
 |
| padixşay
 | padîşa/key
 | ruler
 |
| pad-rozag
 | rojî
 | fasting
 |
| pad-zyan
 | ziyandar
 | harmful
 |
| pafşar-
 | şerm
 | shame
 |
| pah
 | paz/pez
 | sheep
 |
| pahikaftan
 | ketin/keftin
 | fall on
 |
| pahikar
 | peyker/peykel
 | picture/image
 |
| pahlawig
 | pehlewî
 | parthian/pahlavi
 |
| pahlûg
 | parsû
 | rib/side
 |
| pahn
 | pehn/pan/berfire
 | wide/broad
 |
| pahrêz
 | parêz/parastin
 | defence/care
 |
| pak
 | pak
 | clean/pure/holy
 |
| palang
 | piling
 | leopard
 |
| palûdag
 | palû/palî
 | flummery
 |
| pambag
 | pembû
 | cotton
 |
| panah
 | pena
 | protector/refuge
 |
| pand
 | pend
 | counsel/advice
 |
| panîr
 | penîr
 | cheese
 |
| parag
 | par
 | piece/part/portion
 |
| pardag
 | perde
 | veil/curtain
 |
| pargandan/pargan-
 | par kirin/par dan
 | scatter/distribute/disperse
 |
| parîg
 | perî
 | witch/peri
 |
| paristîdan/parist-
 | perist/perest
 | serve/worship
 |
| parr
 | perr/per/bask
 | feather/wing
 |
| parsîg
 | Parsek/Farisî/ne≠Pehlewî
 | Persian/not≠Pahlavî
 |
| parwardan/parwar-
 | perwerde
 | cherish/educate
 |
| parzîn
 | perjan/percan
 | fence/hedge
 |
| pas
 | paşê/paşî/pişt
 | then/afterwards/behind
 |
| pasban
 | pasbanî
 | guardian/watcher
 |
| pasên/pasîn
 | paşîn
 | final/last
 |
| passandîdan/passand-
 | pesend/pesind
 | approve
 |
| passox
 | bersiv
 | answer
 |
| paşêman
 | poşmam/peşîman
 | penitent/repentant
 |
| paşm
 | peşm/hirî
 | wool
 |
| paşnag
 | panî/paşpanî/pehnî
 | heel
 |
| paşşinjîdan/paşşinj-
 | pijiqandin/reşandin
 | sprinkle
 |
| paxşag/paşa
 | pêşû/pêşe
 | mosquito/gnat
 |
| pay
 | pa/pê/pî
 | foot/footstep/track
 |
| payadag/piyada
 | peya
 | on foot/foot-soldier
 |
| paydag
 | peyda
 | visible/obvious/revealed
 |
| paygam/pay(y)yam
 | peyam
 | message
 |
| paygambar
 | peyamber/pêxember
 | messenger/apostle
 |
| payman
 | peyman
 | measure/period/treaty
 |
| paymar
 | peywîr
 | assignment
 |
| paymûdan/paymay-
 | pivan
 | measure
 |
| paywand
 | pêwendî
 | connection
 |
| pazd
 | pest
 | oppression/persecution
 |
| pazdênîdan/pazdên-
 | bizdandin
 | frighten/chase
 |
| pazen
 | pez/pezkûvî
 | ibex
 |
| pêçîdan/pêç-
 | pêç/pêçan/pêçandin
 | twist/entwine
 |
| pêroz
 | pîroz/serfiraz
 | victorious
 |
| pestan
 | pêsîr
 | breast
 |
| pêş
 | pêş
 | before
 |
| pêşag
 | pîşe
 | craft
 |
| pêşanîg/pêşanî
 | enî/pêşanî
 | forehead
 |
| pêşar
 | pêşrew/pêşeng
 | leader/guide
 |
| pêşênîg
 | pêşîn/pêştir/pêşane
 | former
 |
| pêşobay
 | pêşewa
 | leader
 |
| pîl
 | fîl
 | elephant
 |
| pillagan
 | pêlik/pêlekan
 | steps/ladder
 |
| pîr
 | pîr
 | old/aged/ancient
 |
| pistag
 | fistiq
 | pistachio nut
 |
| pohişn
 | perixîn
 | decay
 |
| polawad
 | pola/polad/polat
 | steel
 |
| post
 | post/pîst/çerm
 | skin/hide/bark/shell
 |
| poxtan
 | patin/pehtin
 | cook/bake
 |
| poz(ag)
 | poz/bêvil
 | snout/muzzle
 |
| puhl
 | pir/pird/pire
 | bridge
 |
| purr
 | pir/tijî
 | full
 |
| pursîdan/purs-
 | pirs(în)/pirs kirin
 | ask
 |
| pus
 | pis-
 | son
 |
| puşt
 | pişt
 | back/support/protection
 |
| R
 | R
 | R
 |
| radag
 | rade
 | line/rank/row
 |
| rag
 | reh
 | vein
 |
| rah
 | rê
 | road/way
 |
| rah-nimay
 | rênûma
 | guide
 |
| ran
 | ran
 | thigh
 |
| randidan/rand-
 | rende/rendeş
 | grate/abrade
 |
| rang
 | reng
 | colour/dye
 |
| ranj
 | renc
 | toil/trouble
 |
| ranjwar/ranjûr
 | rencdar
 | troubled/distressed
 |
| rasîdan/ras-
 | reşîd
 | mature
 |
| rast
 | rast
 | true/straight/right
 |
| tastan/rah-
 | rev/revîn
 | escape
 |
| rawag/rawa
 | rewt
 | current
 |
| rawagênîdan/rawagên-
 | ragihandin
 | propagate
 |
| rayênêdarîh
 | rêkxistin
 | organization
 |
| raz
 | rez
 | vine/vineyard
 |
| rāz
 | raz
 | secret/mystery
 |
| rêm
 | nêm/lêm
 | purulence
 |
| rêş1
 | êş/êşan
 | wound/sore
 |
| rêş2
 | rî
 | beard
 |
| rêşag/rêşa
 | reh
 | root
 |
| rêşkên
 | êşdar
 | hurtful/harmful
 |
| rêxtan/rêz-
 | rêtin/rijîn
 | flow/pour
 |
| rîdan/riy-
 | rîtin/rî
 | defecate/void
 |
| robah
 | rûvî
 | fox
 |
| rod
 | ro
 | river
 |
| rod-bar
 | robar
 | river bank
 |
| rodîg
 | rîvî/rûvîk
 | intestine/gut
 |
| royn
 | rûn
 | oil/butter
 |
| rospîg
 | orispî
 | whore
 |
| roşn/roşan
 | ron/ronî
 | light/bright
 |
| roy
 | rû
 | face
 |
| roz
 | roj
 | day
 |
| rozag
 | rojî
 | fast/fasting
 |
| rozgar
 | rojgar
 | daytime/destiny
 |
| rubûdan
 | revandin
 | snatch
 |
| ruwan
 | rewan
 | soul
 |
| ruzd
 | rijd
 | greedy
 |
| S
 | S
 | S
 |
| sabuk
 | sivik
 | light/easy
 |
| sabz
 | sewz/kesk
 | green/fresh
 |
| sad
 | sed
 | hundred
 |
| sag
 | se/kûç
 | dog
 |
| sahm
 | sehm
 | terror
 |
| sal
 | sal
 | year
 |
| salar
 | salar
 | leader/master
 |
| samor
 | samur
 | sable (marten)
 |
| sar
 | ser
 | head/top/summit
 |
| sarasar
 | seranser
 | from end to end
 |
| sard
 | sar/sard
 | cold
 |
| sargên
 | sergîn
 | dung/manure
 |
| sarmag
 | serma/sarma
 | coldness
 |
| sarw
 | serw/serwî
 | cypress
 |
| saxt
 | sext
 | strong/hard/severe(ly)
 |
| sayag/saya
 | sî/sih
 | shade/shadow
 |
| seb
 | sêv
 | apple
 |
| sên(ag)
 | sîng
 | breast/chest
 |
| se-pay
 | sê-pê/sehpa
 | three-legged
 |
| se-şabag
 | sê-şeveq
 | three-night-long
 |
| sêzd
 | hêz
 | might
 |
| sik
 | sêk
 | vinegar
 |
| sogand
 | sond
 | oath
 |
| sor
 | şor
 | salty
 |
| sosan
 | sosin
 | lily
 |
| soxtan
 | sotin
 | burn
 |
| sozan
 | şûjin
 | needle
 |
| spah
 | sipa
 | army
 |
| spas
 | spas
 | thanks
 |
| spêd
 | spî/spih
 | white
 |
| spoxtan
 | sepandin
 | thrust
 |
| sray
 | seray
 | house/hall
 |
| sriştan
 | stran/strandin
 | knead
 |
| srod
 | sirûd/srûd
 | song/anthem
 |
| stabr
 | stûr
 | coarse
 |
| stadan/stan-
 | standin
 | take
 |
| starag/sitara
 | stêr/stêrk
 | star
 |
| starwan
 | stewr
 | barren/childless
 |
| stor
 | hesp
 | horse
 |
| stûn(ag)
 | stûn
 | column/pillar
 |
| sturg
 | stûr
 | coarse
 |
| sûd
 | sûd
 | use/profit/advantage
 |
| suftan/sumb-
 | simtin
 | pierce/bore
 |
| sumb
 | sum/sim
 | hoof
 |
| sust
 | sist
 | slack/lazy
 |
| suş
 | piş
 | lung
 |
| suxr
 | sor
 | red
 |
| sya
 | sî/say/saye
 | black (from shade)
 |
| Ş
 | Ş
 | Ş
 |
| şab
 | şev
 | night
 |
| şad
 | şa/şad
 | happy/joyful
 |
| şadurwan
 | şadirwan/şadirvan
 | dais/basin/fountain
 |
| şagr
 | şêr
 | lion; astr. leo
 |
| şah
 | şah/key
 | king
 |
| şahr
 | şar/bajar
 | city
 |
| şahryar
 | şaryar/şalyar
 | lord/sovereign/ruler
 |
| şahwar
 | şahwer
 | royal/kingly
 |
| şakar
 | şekir
 | sugar
 |
| şalwar
 | şelwar/şal
 | trousers
 |
| şam
 | şîv
 | evening meal/supper
 |
| şambalîdag
 | şembelîlk
 | fenugreek
 |
| şamşêr
 | şûr/şemşîr
 | sword
 |
| şanag
 | şan/şe
 | comb
 |
| şanên
 | şedan
 | hempen
 |
| şarm
 | şerm
 | shame
 |
| şawag
 | şevşevok/şevrevînk
 | bat/flittermouse
 |
| şayistan
 | şayeste
 | be worthy
 |
| şayêd
 | şayêd/şayed/ger
 | one can,it is possible
 |
| şêb
 | nişîv
 | declivity
 |
| şêd
 | şê (hesp)
 | sorrel (horse)
 |
| şêda
 | şadî
 | bliss
 |
| şiftalûg
 | şeftalî/şeftelî
 | peach
 |
| şîr
 | şîr
 | milk
 |
| şîrên
 | şîrîn/şerîn
 | sweet
 |
| şîşag
 | şîşe/şûşe
 | bottle/flask
 |
| şkastan/şken(n)
 | şkestin
 | break
 |
| şnûg
 | çok/çong
 | knee
 |
| şuştan/şoy-
 | şûştin
 | wash
 |
| T
 | T
 | T
 |
| ta
 | ta/heta
 | until/so that
 |
| tab
 | ta (girtin)
 | fever
 |
| tabag
 | tawe/tavik
 | frying-pan
 |
| tabestan
 | tavistan/havîn
 | summer
 |
| tag-1
 | tek
 | alone/single
 |
| tag-2
 | ta/şax
 | branch
 |
| tagarg
 | terg/teyrok
 | hail
 |
| tan
 | ten/leş
 | body/person
 |
| tandrust
 | tendurist
 | healthy/whole
 |
| tang
 | teng
 | narrow/tight
 |
| tanîha
 | tenha
 | alone
 |
| tanuk
 | tenik
 | thin/shallow
 |
| tanûr
 | tenûr
 | oven
 |
| tar
 | tarî/tarîtî
 | darkness
 |
| rarîg/tarîk
 | tarî
 | dark
 |
| tarr
 | terr
 | moist/fresh
 |
| tars
 | tirs
 | fear
 |
| taşt
 | teşt
 | bowl
 |
| taxl
 | tal/tehl
 | bitter
 |
| taxt
 | text
 | throne
 |
| tazanag
 | tajan/tajang
 | whip
 |
| têz
 | tûj/tîj
 | sharp
 |
| tigr
 | tîr
 | arrow
 |
| tis
 | tişt
 | thing/affair
 |
| tişn
 | tîn
 | thirst
 |
| to/tu
 | tu
 | thou/thee
 |
| tohmag/toxma
 | tov/tuxm
 | seed/stock
 |
| torag/tora
 | torî
 | jackal
 |
| tru(f)ş/turş
 | tirş
 | sour
 |
| tumbag
 | timbilk
 | drum
 |
| turk
 | tirk/turk
 | turk
 |
| tuxşîdan
 | têkoşîn
 | strive/endeavour
 |
| U
 | U
 | U
 |
| ud
 | û
 | and
 |
| ul
 | (h)il
 | up(wards)
 |
| ulamedan
 | (h)ildan
 | rise
 |
| ummêd
 | umêd
 | hope
 |
| urmod
 | urmud/hirmî/karçîn
 | pear
 |
| uştar
 | hêştir
 | camel
 |
| uzmûdan/uzmay-
 | azmûndan
 | test, try
 |
| uzumburd
 | zimrûd
 | emerald
 |
| uzwan
 | zwan/ziman
 | tongue, language
 |
| uzwardan/uzwar-
 | zanîn/zanyar
 | know/understand
 |
| W
 | W
 | W
 |
| wabar
 | bawer
 | truth; belief
 |
| waççag
 | biçûk/çûçik
 | child/baby/cub
 |
| wad [bad]
 | bed
 | bad/evil
 |
| wād
 | ba
 | wind, breath
 |
| wadam [badam]
 | bahîv/badem
 | almond
 |
| wadbaxt [badbaxt]
 | bedbext
 | unfortunate
 |
| warf [barf]
 | berf
 | snow
 |
| wahag [baha]
 | buha/biha
 | trading/value
 |
| wahar [bahar]
 | buhar/bihar/wahar
 | spring
 |

## Çavkanî