# 환자보호 및 부담적정보험법

환자보호 및 부담적정보험법|  |
| 정식 명칭 | An act entitled The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act |
| 두문자어 (구어체) | PPACA, ACA |
| 별칭 | 부담적정보험법 (Affordable Care Act), 의료보험 개혁법(Health Insurance Reform), 오바마케어 (Obamacare) |
| 제정 주체 | 111 미국 의회 |
| 발효 | 2010년 3월 13일 대부분의 주요 조항은 2014년 1월부터 단계적으로 시행. 나머지 조항은 2020년까지 단계적으로 시행 |
| 인용 |
| 공법 | 111–148 |
| 회기별 법전 | 124 Stat. 1025 (906 페이지)의 124 Stat. 119 |
| 입법 연혁 |
| * 2009년 9월 17일에 찰스 레갈 (D–NY)이 **the** "Service Members Home Ownership Tax Act of 2009" (H.R. 3590)로 House에서 **발의 세입로 **위원회 심사 2009년 10월 8일에 **House 통과** (416–0)
* "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act"로 2009년 12월 24일에 **Senate 통과** (60–39) (개정안으로 처리)
* 2010년 3월 21일에 **House이 Senate 개정안에 동의** (219–212)
 |
| 주요 개정안 |
| 2010년 보건의료 및 교육조정법 Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011 |
| 미국 연방 대법원 판례 |
| 미국 자영업 연맹 대 시벨리우스 부르웰 대 호비 로비 |

**환자보호 및 부담적정보험법**(Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, **PPACA**),은 2010년 3월 23일 미국의 대통령 버락 오바마가 서명하여 발효한 미국 연방법이다. 줄여서 **부담적정보험법**(Affordable Care Act, **ACA**), 혹은 **오바마케어**(Obamacare)라는 명칭으로도 불린다. 부담적정보험법은 2010년 보건의료 및 교육조정법과 함께, 미국에서 1965년 메디케어와 메디케이드 이후 가장 주요한 미국의 의료 보험 제도 정비였다.

2012년 이후로 이 법에 의해서, 회사들은 다음을 할 수 없는데 그것은 개인의 [보험] 처리를, 그들이 아플 때 그 사람이 그들의 신청서에 했던 실수 때문에 탈락시키는 것, 혹은 개인이 아프다면 회사들이 얼마나 많은 치료를 지원할 것인지에 대한 생애 한도를 정하는 것이고, 2014년 이후로 회사들은 기존의 상태에 기반한 [보험]처리를 거부하거나, 개인이 아프다면 회사들이 얼마나 많은 치료를 지원할 것인지에 대한 그 해의 상한선을 둘 수 없다.

* 메디케이드
* 보편적 건강보장

## 추가 자료

* Barr, Donald A. (2011). 《Introduction to U.S. Health Policy: The Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Care in America》. JHU Press. ISBN 9781421402185.
* CCH (2010). 《Law, Explanation and Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Including Reconciliation Act Impact》. CCH Incorporated. ISBN 9780808022879.  1183pp
* Feldman, Arthur M. (2011). 《Understanding Health Care Reform: Bridging the Gap Between Myth and Reality》. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439879481.
* Jacobs, Lawrence R.; Theda Skocpol (2010). 《Health Care Reform and American Politics》. Oxford U.P. ISBN 9780199781423.
* John E. McDonough (2011년 8월 2일). 《Inside National Health Reform》. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520270190.

Preliminary CBO documents
* Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act, Incorporating The Manager's Amendment − December 19, 2009
	+ Effects Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act On The Federal Budget And The Balance In The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
	+ Estimated Effect Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act (Incorporating The Manager's Amendment) On The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (December 23, 2009)
* Base Analysis – H.R. 3590, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, − November 18, 2009.
↑ (The Additional and/or Related CBO reporting that follows can be accessed from the above link)
	+ Estimated Distribution Of Individual Mandate Penalties (November 20, 2009)
	+ Estimated Effects On Medicare Advantage Enrollment And Benefits Not Covered By Medicare (November 21, 2009)
	+ Estimated Effects On The Status Of The Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (November 21, 2009)
	+ Estimated Average Premiums Under Current Law (December 5, 2009)
	+ Additional Information About Employment-Based Coverage (December 7, 2009)
	+ Budgetary Treatment Of Proposals To Regulate Medical Loss Ratios (December 13, 2009)

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Estimates of the impact of P.L. 111-148
* Estimated Financial Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act," as Amended. April 22, 2010.
* Estimated Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act," as Amended, on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund, Part B Premiums, and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts. April 22, 2010.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Estimates of the impact of H.R. 3590
* Estimated Financial Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2009," as Proposed by the Senate Majority Leader on November 18, 2009. December 10, 2009.
* Estimated Effects of the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" on the Year of Exhaustion for the Part A Trust Fund, Part B Premiums, and Part A and Part B Coinsurance Amounts. December 10, 2009.

Senate Finance Committee Meetings
* Senate Finance Committee Hearings for the 111th Congress recorded by C-SPAN; also available from Finance.Senate.Gov (accessed April 1, 2012).

온라인 또는 다운로드를 통해 볼 수 있는 법안 사본
* PDF of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("PPACA"; Public Law 111–148) *after* consolidating the amendments made by Title X of PPACA itself and by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 ("HCERA"; Public Law 111–152) into one revision.
* Plain Text or PDF formats of H. R. 3590 (Public Law 111-148), as engrossed or passed by the Senate and printed via FDsys.
* The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, full text, summary, background, provisions and more, via Democratic Policy Committee (Senate.gov)
* Summary of H.R. 3590 (March 23, 2010) via THOMAS.
* Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010; 111th Congress H.R. 3590) entry at GovTrack
* The law as published by the U.S. Government Printing Office

기타 외부 링크
* Video: Obama signs Healthcare Bill
* Supreme Court Ruling on the ACA-June 28, 2012 보관됨 2012-06-28 - 웨이백 머신
* Remarks by the President on Supreme Court Ruling on the Affordable Care Act-June 28, 2012
* HealthCare.gov – Department of Health and Human Services website on the law
* **(영어)** Affordable Care Act - 뉴욕 타임스
* **(영어)** Health Reform - 월스트리트 저널
* Basics: Health care reform issues as provided by Emily Smith from *CNN* June 25, 2012
* Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act Congressional Research Service
* Timeline of the health care law as provided by *CNN* June 17, 2012
* Kaiser Family Foundation: Health Reform Subsidy Calculator 보관됨 2013-04-22 - 웨이백 머신 – Premium Assistance for Coverage in Exchanges/Gateways
* Three Days of Argument: Obamacare On Trial Audiobook – Complete coverage of the arguments to the Supreme Court regarding Obamacare
* Obamacare coverage by *CBSnews*
* Supreme Court ruling caps a century of American debate over how to get medical care for all An Associated Press timeline published in various national newspapers on June 28, 2012, briefly listing key events in a century of debate over what role the government should play in helping people in the United States afford medical care.
* HealthReformGPS.org – Tracking and explanation of the law – as it is implemented – by analysts at the Hirsh Health Law and Policy program of the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services.
* "Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State. Has the Obama Administration Trampled on Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Conscience?" Hearing before the Congressional Committee on Oversight and Government Reform February 16, 2012
	+ '"Where Are the Women?": Lawmakers Walk Out on Contraception Rule Hearing After Female Witness Barred' *Democracy Now!* February 17, 2012