# 마황문

| **마황문** |
| --- |
|  *Welwitschia mirabilis* |
| **생물 분류**ℹ️ |
| 계: | 식물계 |
| 문: | **마황문** (Gnetophyta) |
| 강: | **마황강** (Gnetopsida) |
| **목** |
| * 네타목 (Gnetales)
* 웰위치아목 (Welwitschiales)
* 마황목 (Ephedrales)

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**마황문**(麻黃門)은 겉씨식물과 속씨식물의 중간 형태로서 줄기는 외관상 속새와 같고, 마디에 마주나거나 돌려나는 비늘 같은 잎이 있다. 꽃은 암수딴그루이나 종종 암수한그루인 경우도 있다. 줄기 끝에서 비늘조각에 싸인 몇 개의 꽃이 달린다. 수꽃은 2개의 비늘조각이 합쳐져 있고 1개의 수술이 있으며, 배젖은 마주 달린 몇 개의 포엽 끝에 1-2개씩 달린다. 열매는 장과이며 홍색이다.

## 하위 분류

**마황강** (Gnetopsida) : 70여 종

* 네타목 (Gnetales)
	+ 네타과 (Gnetaceae)
		- 네타속 (*Gnetum*) : 30-35여 종
* 웰위치아목 (Welwitschiales)
	+ 웰위치아과 (Welwitschiaceae)
		- 웰위치아속 (*Welwitschia*) : 1종
			* 웰위치아 (*Welwitschia mirabilis*)
* 마황목 (Ephedrales)
	+ 마황과 (Ephedraceae)
		- 마황속 (*Ephedra*) : 44종

## 계통 분류

다음은 2007년 앤더슨(Anderson) 등과 2015년 노비코프(Novíkov) 등의 연구에 기초한 종자식물 계통 분류이다.

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| 종자식물 |

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† 양치종자식물  |
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말단겉씨식물  |
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속씨식물 |
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겉씨식물 |

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| 종자식물 |

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†Moresnetiopsida  |
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†Lyginopteridopsida  |
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†Pachytestopsida  |
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†Callistophytales  |
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†Peltaspermopsida  |
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†Umkomasiales  |
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†Phasmatocycadopsida  |
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†Pentoxylopsida  |
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†Dictyopteridiopsida  |
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†Cycadeoideopsida  |
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†Caytoniopsida  |
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속씨식물 |
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소철류  |
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은행나무  |
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구과식물+마황문  |
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양치종자식물
말단겉씨식물 |

* 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.