# 종자식물

| **종자식물상문** |
| --- |
|  |
| **생물 분류**ℹ️ |
| 계: | 식물계 |
| 상문: | **종자식물상문** (Spermatophyta) |
| **문** |
| * 본문 참조

 |

**종자식물**(種子植物, 영어: spermatophyte 또는 seed plant)은 씨를 퍼뜨려 번식하는 식물을 말한다. 예전에는 분류학상 **종자식물문**으로 묶고 겉씨식물강과 속씨식물강으로 나누었지만, 지금은 5개 문으로 나누어 분류한다. (경우에 따라 **종자식물상문**으로 묶기도 한다.)

## 하위 분류

* 겉씨식물 (Gymnospermae)
	+ † 양치종자식물문 (Pteridospermatophyta)
	+ 말단겉씨식물/말단나자식물 (Acrogymnospermae)
		- 소철문 (Cycadophyta)
		- 은행나무문 (Ginkgophyta)
		- 구과식물문 (Pinophyta)
		- 마황문 (Gnetophyta)
* 속씨식물문 (Magnoliophyta)

## 계통 분류

다음은 유배식물의 계통 분류이다.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 유배식물 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 선태식물 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
뿔이끼문 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
선태식물문 |
|  |
|  |
우산이끼문 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
| 다포자낭식물 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
?† Taeniocradales |
|  |
|  |
† 호르네오피톤강 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
† *Aglaophyton* |
|  |
| 관다발식물 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
?† Yarraviales |
|  |
|  |
† Rhyniopsida |
|  |
| Eutracheophytes |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
?† Cooksoniales |
|  |
|  |
?† Renaliaceae |
|  |
|  |
석송문 |
|  |
| 진엽식물 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
† Eophyllophyton |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
† Trimerophytopsida |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Moniliformopses |
양치류 |
|  |
| Radiatopses |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
† *Pertica* |
|  |
| 목질식물 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
?† Cecropsidales |
|  |
|  |
?† Noeggerathiopsida |
|  |
|  |
† Aneurophytopsida |
|  |
| Metalignophytes |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
† 고양치류 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
† Protopityales |
|  |
|  |
종자식물 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

다음은 2007년 앤더슨(Anderson) 등과 2015년 노비코프(Novíkov) 등의 연구에 기초한 종자식물 계통 분류이다.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 종자식물 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
† 양치종자식물  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
말단겉씨식물  |
|  |
|  |
속씨식물 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
겉씨식물 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 종자식물 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Moresnetiopsida  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Lyginopteridopsida  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Pachytestopsida  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Callistophytales  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Peltaspermopsida  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Umkomasiales  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Phasmatocycadopsida  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Pentoxylopsida  |
|  |
|  |
†Dictyopteridiopsida  |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Cycadeoideopsida  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
†Caytoniopsida  |
|  |
|  |
속씨식물 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
소철류  |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
은행나무  |
|  |
|  |
구과식물+마황문  |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
양치종자식물
말단겉씨식물 |

* 위키미디어 공용에 종자식물 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.