# Biological classification

biological classification

type of classification| Subclass of | specialised classification scheme, taxonomy  |
| Uses | cladistics, form classification  |

**Biologiya lan**, taxonomy (Greek kureye lan τάξις (taxis) 'tartip' a -νομία (-nomia) 'diwal') shima ilmu kimiyabe su kǝnjobe, bayantǝbe (kokortǝ) kuru kufuwa alaubedǝa yayaktǝ. Diwalwa zamanbedə nəmkam kaduwube-a nəmkam faltəbe-aro daraja cin. Organismya so dǝ sandiya taxa ro yakkata (fal: taxon), kuru karapka adǝro daraja taxonomiya ye sadǝna; karapka donyi daraja tǝna ma dǝ raktǝ kǝltǝ karapka donyi daraja kura ma, adǝye sǝkǝ daraja taxonomicbe tuwandin. Daraja donyi faida zaman be du shima donyi donyi, mairi, phylum (yaktǝ donyi loktu laan botany lan faidatin nasha phylum be lan), aji, tartip a, yalla a genus a kusunyi a. Malǝm ilmu kǝskaye Swedish be du Carl Linnaeus shima tartif donyi tartip taxonomya ye yayaktǝ ma kunkutu.

Fuwutǝ tiworibe-a, bayanna-a kuru nzundu biologibe-a tartifdo tartip alagǝwabe-a, tartipdo Linnaeanbedǝ tartip zamanbe ro faltǝna, shido alaka kate alagǝwa rowa-a kuru baro walzana-a fǝlejinro nyatǝnama.

Bayen
Ma'ana donyi taxonomy be du, kǝndaram lan gadejin, sonyayi faida donyi: asutu, su kǝnjo, a yayaktǝ donyi organismwa ye. Namtǝ waltǝramye, ma'ana taxonomybe karǝngǝmadǝ sidiyan bayantǝna:

Tiwori a kuru kǝndodo alauwa jilitiloa ro yaktǝbe, alauwa jilitiloa kura kura ro yaktǝ, kuru karapka dǝro suwa sadǝna, adǝye sǝkǝ yaktǝ suwudin.
Fannu kimiyabe (kuru nasha kura systematicsbe) shidəwo suronzən bayanna-a, asutə-a, nomenclature-a, kuru yaktə-a mbeji
Ilmu kimiyabe yayaktǝbe, suro biologyben tartip nji alaubedǝga yaktǝro
"Kimiya donyi alauwa ro faidatayin ma, suro lan kǝra donyi alauwa jilitiloa kǝltǝye mbeji."[6]
"Kulashi kəla alagəwaben dalil yaktəben"[7]
"Systematicsdǝ phylogenydǝ kǝrajin futudo raktǝ fasartinma suro yaktǝben kuru sudo fannu taxonomybedǝa" (ma'ananzǝ tǝraana amma bayan gǝnyiro somtǝna)[8]
Ma'ana gade gade dǝye taxonomyya nasha laa systematicsbe ro gǝnazayin (ma'ana 2), nǝm kam shimadǝa kalaksayin (ma'ana 6), aubiya kalma indidǝa falro gozayin. Kasattə ba laa mbeji kəla su alagəwabedə nasha taxonomybero gotəna (ma'ananzə 1 a 2), aubiya nasha nizambe diya taxonomyben.[9][10] Misallo, fasari 6 dǝ sha fasari systematics be dǝa kǝltǝna shi donyi nomenclature dǝga diya taxonomy be lan gǝnazǝyin ma:[7]

Systematics: "Kǝra kǝra donyi organismwa asutǝ, taxonomyi, a su kǝlâ organismwa ye, suro lan yektǝ alau rowa ye lǝtǝram nza latar be lan kuru kulashi donyi fal faltǝnzǝ ye faltǝnzǝ a.”
Saa 1970 lan, Michener-a al-a. "Biology donyi systematicbe" a "taxonomy" a kamanza so lan bayanzana:[11]

Ilmu alagǝbe tartibtǝdǝ (nadǝn systematics butu butin) shima fannu donyi

(a) su kimiyabe nji alaube suwudin,
(b) sandiya bayanzəna,
(c) sandiga samnonza gənajin,
(d) yaktǝ donyi organismwa ye, suwuram donyi sandiya asutuye, kuru bayan donyi tartǝnzaye,
(e) gargam alaube kulashinza, kuru
(f) kəndaramnzaro adaptatə sorin.
Adə shima fannu donyi gargam kuruwu'a kuru saa karəngə adən bəlintəgə nowata səbandəna, musamman maro nasha awo kəra gultuwuye lan. Nasha laa donyi theoretical ye dǝ, nasha laa kǝla fǝlango yen kara (mauduwu e-a f-a samin), sandi gafsǝnama dǝ, kaziyi yaktǝye dǝa lezǝna. Taxonomy du shima nasha donyi systematicbe du mauduwuwa (a) lan sǝta (d) samin ro sadǝna ma.

Kalmawa samma so suronzan taxonomy-a, systematic biology-a, systematics-a, ilmu kimiyabe-a, biologybe-a, phylogenetics-adə loktu laan maananza fal, loktu laan gana gade, amma sambisoro kəltana kuru kəltana.[2][12] Ma'ana "taxonomy" ye donyi farak lan faidatin ma. Kalma adǝ kǝlanzǝma suro saa 1813 lan de Candolle, suro kitawunzǝ ilmu kǝskaye lan bayanzǝna.[13] John Lindley ye ma’ana burwoye systematicya du wa saa 1830 lan cina, sonyayi shiye ruwozǝna kǝla “tartiram botany” yen susu kalma “systematic” ye dǝa yayero.[2] Am Europebedǝ kalma "systematics" a "biosystematics" adǝ faidatayin kǝra awoa alakkatabe sammason, amma am yala Americabedǝ "taxonomy" faidatayin ngǝwusoro.[14] Son yaye, taxonomy, taganasmaro alpha taxonomy, shima taganasmaro asutu, bayan, kuru su kǝnjo (alama, nomenclature) nji alaube, [15] kuru "yayaktǝ" dǝ shima nji alaubedǝa suro karapka darajaben gǝnatǝ shido alaka nza nji alaube gadea fǝlejinma.

Kitawu runo-a kuru ilmu taxonomybe-a
Taxonomic review au taxonomic review dǝ shima kulashi bǝlin kǝla futu nǝm gade-gade donyi ta taganas be lan.

## Lamintǝ