# Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin

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| Maba̱ta̱do |   | Fantswam |   | Gworog |   | Sholyia̱ |   | Takad |   | Tyeca̱rak |   | Tyuku |   |   |

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Á̱ lyuut ati̱kut wuni di̱n Tyap Maba̱ta̱do ja
(**Maba̱ta̱do**) |

Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin

resistance movement, road network| Kap | slavery in the United States  |
| Significant person | Levi Coffin, Thomas Garrett, Harriet Tubman  |
| A̱lyoot da̱nian | railway  |
| A̱byin | A̱byin Badundung A̱merika  |
| Political ideology | abolitionism  |
| Jen ntsa | 1800  |
| Jen tyiai | 1863  |
| Operator | National Park Service  |
| Byia̱ za̱kwa | confidentiality  |

  Neet mi̱ Wukideita
**Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin** hu kuyet shiri̱ya ngwat nvak nyia̱ na shyia̱ di̱n nyat a̱wot na ka san á̱ka̱sa njhyang á̱ nyia̱ tam ma̱ na mbwak a̱niet ca̱t kwai ka̱nka̱rang ba ka shot da a̱ka̱kpat A̱za a̱keang tung A̱meri̱ka ma̱ng A̱tak a̱keang Ka̱na̱da. Ba ka khwo A̱fi̱rika ma̱ng A̱fi̱rika A̱meri̱ka ba̱ shot mbwak da̱ khwo ka ma̱ angang ma̱nang centuri̱ 16 ma̱ng a̱ghyang ba shwot a̱ni si̱ shyia̱ san bah. A̱wot a̱nyia̱ , nwuna̱lyiat ssai a̱ka̱sa á̱ lyen hu a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱lyoot Vsk Ataintuut Tafas̱byin á̱ ku tsa jhya hu mi̱ ndyia̱ 1780s tsatsak a̱ka̱sa a̱ka̱keang á̱ ku gbi̱ri̱m mi̱ A̱za. Hu ku ya a̱kai A̱za a̱wot hu si̱ laai kuzang jen si̱ ma̱nang Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t ku ntyia̱ bwak mi̱ 1863 mbwak A̱kwaka̱son A̱byin wu Ibrahim Li̱nkon. A̱niet ca̱t tyong shot ba̱ si̱ ca̱t a̱ba̱kum mumwang ba̱ nshot nat a̱si̱tet ku na byia̱ mba swat nyinying a̱ a̱ni, a̱wot ba̱ dam ku kyiak a̱ ja o ba tat a̱byin Canada.

Vak a̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin ka kyiak neet ma̱ tyan ji á̱ nnyia̱ khwo a̱ni. Nvak na si̱ kai di si̱sak nang ndi wa a̱ni mȧ̱ng jhya mbwak a̱di̱dam a̱tyubishyi da̱ a̱ka̱cyet - a̱ka̱ghyui, The routes followed natural and man-made modes of transportation - rivers, canals, bays, ma̱ A̱talanti̱k Coast, a̱gi̱ri̱gi̱ a̱sa̱khwot ma̱ng a̱ghyui bei, vak ma̱ng a̱taintuut. A̱gaat a̱vwuo ka shyia̱ kpa̱nkpaan ma̱ a̱ka̱tyan, si̱sak nang á̱ wai teang kurum a̱ni ma̱ng a̱gi̱ga̱k swanta si̱ tyia̱i a̱niet swoot.

Wuna̱lyiat hu, ku yet ta̱m si̱ nwei teang kurum ma̱ng a̱khwo Á̱niet A̱fi̱rika A̱merika, ku beang mba mbwak a̱niet gbi̱ri̱m ma̱ng a̱niet fwuong shok a̱gyang si̱ mi̱n a̱ khwuat a̱nietca̱tshot. A̱niet khwo ba nyanyan bya ku tyia̱ swuan ba ma̱ a̱bung ya̱baat ma̱ng a̱gyang ba ba̱ ku niat mba a̱ni meang ku yet a̱niet a̱ ku saai á̱ kyiak mba mȧ̱nang a̱pasenja byia̱ a̱ni ma̱ng a̱ka̱bwu mota a̱ si̱ taintuut bya, ma̱ shwoshwuon. Various other routes led to Mexico, A̱vwuo ka a̱khwo ba ku ncuyok a̱ni, ma̱ng A̱zabyin mi̱ kari̱bi̱ya ba ku yet kap a̱khwo a̱niet a̱bwuanng bah. A̱wot a̱shot swak ka ku kai vak ncung kai a̱ca̱caat a̱tyin Florida, a̱wot Panit hu ba ku ci̱t hu (ka̱nang ndyia̱ 1763–1783), hu si̱ ya a̱son neet a̱zanson ndyia̱ 17th si̱ nang a̱tyan ndyia̱ 1790. A̱ca̱caat njen Zwang A̱saibung A̱merika, a̱niet ca̱t swat nyinyang si̱ shoot mbwak lang muna̱pyia̱ ba mi̱ A̱tyin ba ka shyia̱ swat nyinyang mba hu. A̱tyu tyan kyang a̱gyang si̱ nyia̱ dam nyia̱ tat ndyia̱ 1850, ma̱nang tyan a̱khwo 100,000 shyia̱ shot bai swat nyinyang di̱n vak ngwun. Da̱ hyia̱ profeso a̱ kan swak a̱ni Pan-A̱fi̱rika fang J. Blaine Hudson, a̱tyu a̱ ku yet dean si̱ a̱gba̱ndang a̱lifang Arts ma̱ng Tyan ma̱ a̱gba̱ndang a̱lifang si̱ Louisville, ma̱ a̱ca̱caat a̱tyak nzwang A̱saibung ba, shi swak 500,000 á̱niet A̱fi̱rika A̱merika shyia̱ ka̱nka̱ra̱ng Tyok da̱nian khwo ma̱ Taintuut Tafaa̱byin.

## Ya̱fang

* Bird, Tyson (January 28, 2021). "The Little Known History of Texas' Underground Railroad". *Texas Highways* (in American English). Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
* Blight, David W., ed. (2004). *Passages to Freedom: The Underground Railroad in History and Memory*. Smithsonian Books. ISBN 1-58834-157-7.
* Bordewich, Fergus M. (2005). *Bound for Canaan: The Underground Railroad and the War for the Soul of America*. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-052430-8.
* Brown, William W. (1848). *Narrative of William W. Brown, a fugitive slave* (2nd ed.). Boston: The Anti-slavery Office.
* Burnett, John (February 28, 2021). "A Chapter In U.S. History Often Ignored: The Flight Of Runaway Slaves To Mexico". *Georgia Public Broadcasting* (in English). Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-08. (heard on *All Things Considered*)
* Calarco, Tom (2008). *People of the Underground Railroad: A Biographical Dictionary*. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313339240. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
* —; Vogel, Cynthia; Grover, Kathryn; Hallstrom, Rae; Pope, Sharron L.; Waddy-Thibodeaux, Melissa (2011). *Places of the Underground Railroad: A Geographical Guide*. Bloomsbury Academic. doi:10.5040/9798400697135. ISBN 978-0313381461.
* Chadwick, Bruce (2000). *Traveling the Underground Railroad: A Visitor's Guide to More Than 300 Sites*. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-2093-0.
* Contreras, Russell (September 16, 2020a). "Story of the Underground Railroad to Mexico gains attention". *The Washington Post* (in American English). ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
* — (September 17, 2020b). "Story of the Underground Railroad to Mexico gains attention". *Sentinel Colorado* (in American English). Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
* Crable, Margaret (February 1, 2021). "USC Dornsife historian uncovers the Underground Railroad that ran to Mexico > News > USC Dornsife". *Dornsife, University of Southern California* (in English). Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
* Foner, Eric (2015). *Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad*. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-35219-1.
* Forbes, Ella (1998). *But We Have No Country: The 1851 Christiana Pennsylvania Resistance*. Africana Homestead Legacy Publishers. ISBN 978-0965330817.
* Frost, Karolyn Smardz; Osei, Kwasi (2007). *I've Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad*. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-16481-2.
* Griffler, Keith P. (2004). *Front Line of Freedom: African Americans and the Forging of the Underground Railroad in the Ohio Valley*. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2298-8. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
* Hagedorn, Ann (2004). *Beyond the River: The Untold Story of the Heroes of the Underground Railroad*. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-87066-5.
* Hendrick, George; Hendrick, Willene (2003). *Fleeing for Freedom: Stories of the Underground Railroad As Told by Levi Coffin and William Still*. Ivan R. Dee Publisher. ISBN 1-56663-546-2.
* —; — (2010), *Black refugees in Canada: accounts of escape during the era of slavery*, McFarland & Co, ISBN 9780786447336, archived from the original on July 9, 2020, retrieved November 20, 2015
* Hudson, J. Blaine (2002). *Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad in the Kentucky Borderland*. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-1345-X.
* — (January 9, 2015). *Encyclopedia of the Underground Railroad*. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. ISBN 9781476602301. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
* LaRoche, Cheryl Janifer (2014). *Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad: The Geography of Resistance*. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
* Little, Becky (October 25, 2018). "Forgotten History: Mexico accepted slave migrants fleeing the U.S." *Vallarta Daily News* (in American English). Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
* — (January 29, 2021). "The Little-Known Underground Railroad That Ran South to Mexico". *HISTORY* (in English). Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
* Potter, David M. (1976). *The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861*. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-131929-5.
* "Operating the Underground Railroad". *National Park Service*. Archived from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2007.
* "Part 4: 1831–1865 Narrative, The Underground Railroad". *Africans in America c. 1780–1862: Judgment Day*. PBS. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2017.

## A̱son fang

* Blackett, R.J.M. (2013). *Making Freedom: The Underground Railroad and the Politics of Slavery*. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-0877-8.
* Bolton, S. Charles (2019). *Fugitivism: Escaping Slavery in the Lower Mississippi Valley, 1820–1860*. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 9781682260999.
* Clifford Larson, Kate (2004). *Bound For the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero*. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-45627-0.
* Curtis, Anna L. (1941). *Stories of the Underground Railroad*. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. (Stories about Thomas Garrett, a famous agent on the Underground Railroad)
* Diemer, Andrew K. (2022). *Vigilance: The Life of William Still, Father of the Underground Railroad*. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780593534380.
* Frost, Karolyn Smardz (2007). *I've Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad*. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 9780374531256.
* Jones, Leesa Bailey (January 7, 2020). "Leesa Jones Interview". *State Archives of North Carolina (Oral History)* (Interview). Interviewed by Brooks, Ellen. Washington, N.C. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
* Still, William (1872). *The Underground Railroad: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, &c., Narrating the Hardships, Hair-Breadth Escapes and Death Struggles of the Slaves in Their Efforts for Freedom, As Related by Themselves and Others, or Witnessed by the Author*. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates. (Classic book documenting the Underground Railroad operations in Philadelphia).
	+ *Public domain ebook at Project Gutenberg*.
	+ "Book at Internet Archive". 1872.
	+ Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Librivox book
* Strother, Horatio T. (1962). *The Underground Railroad in Connecticut*. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 9780819560124.
* Turner, Glennette Tilley (2001). *The Underground Railroad in Illinois*. Newman Educational Pub. ISBN 978-0938990055.
* Walker, Timothy Dale, ed. (2021). *Sailing to Freedom: Maritime Dimensions of the Underground Railroad*. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1625345936.
* Whitehead, Colson (2016). *The Underground Railroad*. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-54236-4.; winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2017 for its poetical, mythical reflection on the meaning of the Railroad in American history.

### Folklore and myth

* "Documentary Evidence is Missing on Underground Railroad Quilts". *historyofquilts.com*. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2004.
* "New Jersey's Underground Railroad Myth-Buster: Giles Wright is on a Mission to Fine Tune Black History". *Historic Camden County*.
* "Putting it in Perspective: The Symbolism of Underground Railroad quilts". *quilthistory.com*. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2004.
* "Underground Railroad Quilts & Abolitionist Fairs". *Womenfolk.com*. Archived from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2004.

## A̱ka̱fwuop nta

Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Sisterlinks
Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Library resources box

* Underground Railroad – National Park Service (di̱n Shong)
	+ Underground Railroad: Language of Slavery
* Underground Railroad Studies Archived 2025-02-11 at the Wayback Machine
* Underground Railroad Timeline Archived 2025-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
* Friends of the Underground Railroad
* National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
* Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Usurped
* Underground Railroad in Buffalo and Upstate New York: A bibliography by The Buffalo History Museum
* Newspaper articles and clippings about the Underground Railroad at Newspapers.com