Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Asismel n APG IV

**Asismel n APG IV** (2016) d alqem wis kuẓ (4) n usismel amɣaw n tmesdurifsan, yennulfa-d sɣur tagrawt n tesnamhazt n tedfrin n tmesdurifsan (*Angiosperm Phylogeny Group*), Asismel-a iga d tasremt n usismel n APG III

## Amaynut deg welqem-a

## Alqem amefses

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Taɣreft (Tasartut)

**Taɣreft** (s tlatint: *Tribu*) d adras amessarti deg tsartut n tesnudert. Tezga-d sufel n udras n ifelasmil d ddaw n wesnay n wadu-twacult.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Isem ussnan

Deg tesnudert, **Isem ussnan ussnan** neɣ **Isem asenisman** neɣ **Asiseɣ imisin** (s Teglizit: *Binomial nomenclature*) d isem n tarrayt tamaddudt (tunṣibt) i wsemmi d usiseɣ telmas n imuddiren i d-issers umusnaw n tesnudert Carl Linnaeus.

Akken i d-immal wawal-a, isem ussnan yettwabna ɣef tsuddest n sin n wawalen:

* Isem agejdan n tewsit.
* Isem asennaw n telmest ɣas akken tifawin n usiseɣ mgaraden-t seg waddad ar waddad niden.
* Isem amezwar issentay (ibeddu) s isem agejdan (isem n tewsit), s usekkil asentay meqqren ma d isem n telmest s yisekkilen meẓẓiyen, akken i ttwarun s tarrayt izelgen (imalen), Amdya imcac n wexxam ṭṭafaren tawsit n wemcic (Assaɣ ussnan: Felis) ma d talmest tamegrudt (domestica) ɣef anect-a assaɣ ussnan n wemcic ad yili (*Felis domestica*).

## Amezruy

## Di tsenɣersiwt

## Di tesnimɣit

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Kursika

| Kursika |
| --- |
| Corsica (co) |
|  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Drapeau de la Corse (fr)   |   |

 |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Ansa |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|  ﻿ / ﻿ |

 |
|  |
|  |
| Awanek anayan | Fransa |
| Division territoriale française (fr)  | France métropolitaine (fr)  |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Tamanaɣt | Ajaccio |
| Imezdaɣ |
| Teɣṛed |
355 486 (2023) |
| • Taneẓẓi n tɣerfa |
40,95 imezdaɣen/km² |
| Tutlayt tunṣibt |
Tafransist |
| Tarakalt |
| Amur seg | zone de défense et de sécurité Sud (fr)  |
| Tajumma |
8 680 km² |
| Tezga-d ɣef yiri |
Ilel agrakal |
| Isek yeflalen | Monte Cinto (fr)  (2 706 m) |
| Asefk amazray |
| Asnulfu |
11 Yennayer 1970 |
| Saint patron (fr)  | Dévote (fr)  |
| Tuddsa tasertayt |
| Exécutif (fr)  | conseil exécutif de Corse (fr)  |
| Assemblée délibérante (fr)  | Assemblée de Corse (fr)  |
| • Aɣella aslekman | Gilles Simeoni (fr)  (2015) |
| Amekzay uglim |
| Izṭi akudan | AMS+01:00 UTC+02:00 (fr)  |
|  |
| ISO 3166-2 (fr)  |
FR-20R, FR-H d FR-COR |
| Identifiant Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques (fr)  |
FR83 |
| Code Insee d'une région (fr)  |
94 |
|  |
| Nniḍen |
|

---

 |
| Tansa n web |
isula.corsica |
|       |

**Kursika** (s takursikit ed s taṭalyanit : *Corsica*, s Tafrensist : *Corse*) d tegzirt n Fransa, tezgad deg Ilel Agrakal. Kursika d tegzirt wis sin i meqqren akk deg Ilel Agrakal, deffir Sičilya, Sardinya ed Qubrus, tajumma-ynes 8,681 km². Deg 2018, tesɛa 343 726 n yimezdaɣ.

## Tarakalt

Adrar n *Cinto*.
Tezgad deg deg Ilel Agrakal, Kursika teqṛeb 170 km ɣer unẓul n Fransa, 90 km ɣer agafa-umalu n Ṭṭelyan ed 11 km ɣer Sardinya. Tegzirt n Kursika deg-s aṭas n idurar, i tesɛa 20 n tiqucac ugar n 2 000 n lmitrat, adrar n *Cinto* i d adrar ɣezzifen akk deg tegzirt-nni akked ahat 2 710 n lmitrat.

Deg-s isafen imeqqranen n tegzirt-nni yella : *Golo*, *Tavignano*, *Liamone*, *Granove*, *Tarova* ed *Profiano*. Kursika tesɛa anezwu agraklan, taẓɣelt tanammast d 10,5 °C deg tagrest, ed 21 °C deg anebdu.

## Tizmilin
# Tigzirin Tiknariyin

| Tigzirin Tiknariyin |
| --- |
| Islas Canarias (es) |
|  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Anay n Tegzirin Tiknariyin  | Armoiries des Canaries (fr)   |

 |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Imseɣret | *imseɣret n Tegzirin Tiknariyin* (28 Yebrir 2003) |
|

---

 |
| Ansa |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|  ﻿ / ﻿ |

 |
|  |
|  |
| Awanek anayan | Spenyul |
|  |
|  |
|

---

 |
| Tamanaɣt |
Santa Cruz de Tenerife d Las Palmas de Grande Canarie (fr)  |
| Imezdaɣ |
| Teɣṛed |
2 228 862 (2024) |
| • Taneẓẓi n tɣerfa |
299,3 imezdaɣen/km² |
| Tutlayt tunṣibt |
Taspenyult |
| Tarakalt |
| Amur seg | Espagne extrapéninsulaire (fr)  |
| Tajumma |
7 447 km² |
| Tezga-d ɣef yiri |
Agaraw Aṭlasi |
| Isek yeflalen | Teide (fr)  (3 715 m) |
| Agaz yudren | océan Atlantique Nord (fr)  (0 m) |
| Asefk amazray |
| Yezwar-it | Province des Îles Canaries (fr)  |
| Asnulfu |
10 Ɣuct 1982 |
| Tuddsa tasertayt |
| Assemblée délibérante (fr)  | Parlement des Canaries (fr)  |
| • Aɣella aslekman | Ángel Víctor Torres Pérez (fr)  |
| Tadamsa |
| Tadrimt |
Euro |
| Amekzay uglim |
| Izṭi akudan | UTC±00:00 (fr)  AMS+01:00 Océan Atlantique/Canaries (fr)  |
|  |
| Azamul n tmurt |
aucune valeur |
| ISO 3166-2 (fr)  |
ES-CN |
| Identifiant Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques (fr)  |
ES7 |
|  |
| Nniḍen |
|

---

 |
| Tansa n web |
gobiernodecanarias.org |

**Tigzirin Tiknariyin** (taspenyulit : *Islas Canarias*) neɣ **Tiknariyin** d tamurt ay d-yezgan deg utaram n Tefriqt n Ugafa (deg Ugaraw Atlantik). Tamurt-a teḥkem-itt Spenyul. Tajumma-nnes 7.447 km2 (ikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-tt 2.098.593 n yimezdaɣen (*Iknariyen*). Tigzirin Tiknariyin ɣer-sent snat n tmunaɣ: Santa Cruz de Tenerife ed Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
# Iferr

iferran n tucet
**iferr** (Asget: **iferran**) deg tasnimɣan d agman n yemɣi afellay (n sufell)

## Anulfu n iferr

## Izegnan n iferr

## Asnay n iferran deg ucagg

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Iɣisem

alkulat d iyufa yessiɣayen s tefrer
**Alkul** d awal yettwasxedmen deg tkimit tagemnawt i yakk uddisen ikimanen dgi tella tegrawt tawurant tahidṛuksilt s tezrart tahidrukarbunt

## Issaɣen n iɣisimen

## Imniren
# Amɣus

**Amɣus** d amazzal id itteffɣen seg ifesxiyen imɣusen yettilin deg iǧeǧǧigen neɣ deg iferran, Dɣa amɣus iga d učči agejdan n tzizwa acku yettsummu-t seg iǧeǧǧigen u yettadam ar teɣrasin-is

## Ismawen n iden
# Ammas aɣelnaw i yisalan n teknudert

Azamul n wammas aɣelnaw i yisalan n teknuudert
**Ammas aɣelnaw i yisalan n teknudert** (S Tegnizt: *National Center for Biotechnology Information*, S usegzel: **NCBI**) d amur seg tasedlist tasnujjyant n Yiwunak Yeddukklen (NLM) i d-yettwakebben seg yisuda iɣelnawen n Yiwunak Yeddukklen. Asutel-is yezga-d deg Bethesda, Maryland, Ammas-a yennulfa-d deg useggas n 1988 sɣur n usenti i yessed usinatur Claud Beiber

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Imniren
# Tiferni Tagmawit

| Afran agaman |
| --- |
|  |
| Isefka |
| Adu-smil n | sélection (fr)  |
| Amur seg |
tamhazt |
| Timeẓrit seg | darwinisme (fr) , théorie synthétique de l'évolution (fr)  d biologie de l'évolution (fr)  |
| Isragen | compétition (fr) , variation génétique (fr)  d hérédité (fr)  |
| Yettwazraw s | biologie de l'évolution (fr)  |
| Amesnirem neɣ amesnulfu |
Charles Darwin (fr)  |
| Anemgal | supernatural selection (en)  |

**tiferni tagmawit** neɣ **tiferni tamagant.** D akala iss zemren yimuddiren yesɛan ittewlan yessrewsen mliḥ i twennaḍt-nsen ad idiren ad frurxen w ad ssneṭḍen ittewlan-nni i lǧil i d-iteddun. S uɛeddi n lweqt. ad d-yawi wa ibeddilen deg yittewlan n tɣerfa ideg ara yeḍru ubuddu n yittewlan yettɛawanen tigrit d wefrurex, ma d widak ur nesɛi lfayda ad udrusen.
# Assezgi

**Assezgi** neɣ **Azgay** deg tesnudert d tamhalt tanamhazt dgi ittuɣalen imuddiren mmezgan u nnumen akken iwata i tudert deg twennaṭin-is, Irem n ussegzi d win yettilin daɣen d taskant m tiremt tawurant deg umezruy n tudert n umuddir tettwaggaẓ yerna tennefli s ufran agaman

## Tilmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Afran agaman
* Taskant
# Angar

**Angar** neɣ **Tanegra** deg tasnudert d keffu neɣ d afukku n tudert n kra n telmest n imuddiren, imi tiremt (taswiɛt) n tmekkast (n lmut) n umuddir aneggar deg telmest-nni d tiremt n wengar s umata.

Ugar n 99% n telmas yellan ttidirent deg yizri deg tegnit (yessawḍen ɣer 5 n imelyaren n telmas) negrent, maca tura llan-t wazal n 10 alamma 14 imelyan n telmas mazal ddrent.

## Timentilin n wengar

## Imedyaten ɣef yemɣan d iɣersiwen negren

## Imniren
# Aẓaṛ imezdi

**Aẓaṛ imezdi** (S Teglizit: *Common Descent*) deg temhazt d tiẓri id yeqqaren d akken yakk imuddiren yellan deg tegnit ɣursen yiwen n uẓaṛ, Dɣa Charles Darwin yessumer-d tiẓri-a deg udlis-is iẓuran n telmas anda id yenna: (*Tella tdusi deg teẓri ayyi ar tudert, Acku s tdusiyin-a yakk yemgaraden nnulfant-d deg kra n telmas neɣ deg Yiwet n telmest*)

## Amezruy n teẓri

## Inza n waẓaṛ immezdin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

Aẓaṛ
# Tuggtudert

**Tuggtudert** d tuggta deg talɣiwin n ugama amiddur. Llan waṭas n isenmal d imsektayen i tuggtudert, deg waṭas n wakuden i tettumeggez tuggtudert d amsektay i tezmert d tdusi n unagraw asnudran.

### Tanegra

Azal yettwafken i tuggtudert deg wakud ayyi (tura) yusa-d s usrag (s ssebba) n tnegrawt n waṭas n tewsitin s tuget, anda i d-sseknen ilɣa id ssufeɣ teddukla taɣrsawt deg London d akken amadal (ddunnit) iẓla (ixṣer) seg iseggasen n 70 n tsut yezrin azal n ukṛad (⅓) n tudert tazagirt.

## Asenmel

Tuggtudert temmal-d tasemrit d umrara deg umadal amiddur s talɣiwin-is yakk. Irem-a yettwasenmel s tiseddi deg umagrad wis 2 n umsisi ɣef tuggtudert tasnudrant

## Amezruy n yirem

## Tazrawt n tuggtudert

## Addad n tuggtudert deg umadal

## Tuggziwin n tuggtudert

## Azal n tuggtudert

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Tinnagrawt tanemhazt

Aseklu n temhazɣert, s unect n wanaw n tennagrawt tanemhazt

**Tinnagrawt tanemhazt** d anaw n usismel asnudran issismilen imuddiren s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n tɣawsiwin yesdukkulen gar n wassaɣ anamhaz n yiran (ccetlat), d wassaɣ gar n uẓar d tedfert, d tseddaṛt n usenfel anamhaz.

Deg tesnudert, irem n «tnemhezt» yettusexdem daɣen i wakken ad imeggez kra n teẓra n temhazt (Taderwint. Taderwintrart, Tirrewsent ...) yessegzaw-d asmuti (abeddil) n telmas s uzray n talliyin.

## igensasen

## Aseklu n tudert

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Tasenzikdert

**Tasenzikdert** neɣ **Asismel afurkan** (s Teglizit: Cladistics) d asudes (aseqṛeb) i usismel asnudran, anda ittusemlen imuddiren deg tegrawin (ifurkan isnudranen) u unect n umru imezdi i yudsen. Assaɣen uhlisen ttwabnan ɣef yinumaẓ isuddimen yezdin, tid i yella wamek ad uɣalent ɣer uẓar imezdi aneggar neɣ yudsen, yerna ur llint ara ɣer tegrawin d imerawen yaggugen. Seg teskanin yellan deg ufurek asnudran, ameru imezdi d warraw-is yakk gan d amur seg ufurek asnudran.

## Amezruy

## Imniren
# Iẓuran n telmas

| *Iẓuran n telmas* |
| --- |
|  |
| Laṣel |
| Ameskar |
Charles Darwin (fr)  |
| Azemz n ufsar |
1859 |
| Azwel aẓaran | *On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favored races in the struggle for life, Über die Entstehung der Arten im Tier- und Pflanzenreich durch natürliche Züchtung oder Erhaltung der vervollkommneten Rassen im Kampf ums Dasein, Über die Entstehung der Arten durch natürliche Zuchtwahl oder die Erhaltung der begünstigten Rassen im Kampfe um's Dasein, Die Fundamente der Entstehung der Arten, Die Entstehung der Arten durch natürliche Zuchtwahl, Über die Entstehung der Arten durch natürliche Zuchtwahl, Die Entstehung der Arten durch Naturauslese, Der Ursprung der Arten durch natürliche Selektion oder Die Erhaltung begünstigter Rassen im Existenzkampf, Der Ursprung der Arten durch natürliche Selektion, Die Erhaltung begünstigter Rassen im Existenzkampf, Postanak fela pomoću prirodnog odviranja ili Održavanje ponjegovanich rasa u borbi za život, 0 nastanku vrst z delovanjem naravnega odbiranja ali ohranjanje prednostnih ras v boju za preživetje, De l’origine des espèces au moyen de la sélection naturelle, ou la préservation des races favorisées dans la lutte pour la vie, Espezieen jatorriaz d Om arternas uppkomst genom naturligt urval eller de bäst utrustade rasernas bestånd i kampen för tillvaron* |
| Tamurt taẓarant |
Tagelda Yedduklen |
| Characteristics |
| Tawsit |
littérature scientifique (fr) , traité (fr)  d écrit académique (fr)  |
| Tutlayt |
Taglizit |
|  |
| Tasugna |
| Adeg n tigawt |
îles Galápagos (fr)  |
| Taluft tagejdant |
Afran agaman |
| Tasnakudt |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ←*On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection (fr)*  | *Iẓuran n telmas* |  |

 |

**Iẓuran n Telmas** adlis i yura umussan aglizi n ugama Charles Darwin deg useggas n 1859. Yesskanay-d Charles Darwin deg wedlis-a tiẓri i d-yeqqaren dakken imuddiren ttemhazen si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ (si lǧil ɣer lǧil)
# Taẓrawsit

**Taẓrawsit** neɣ **Tussna n temhazt n tdefrin** d tussna yettunagen ɣef usileɣ n yimuddiren d wassaɣen yettilin gar-asen. Dɣa , yettili-d usnirem n wassaɣen-a s teslaḍin tixeclawanin d tezrawt n usileɣ n imuddiren yemgaraden. Taẓrawsit tal (tesɛa) azal meqqren deg tesnudert, acku aṭas seg tɣulin-is ggunint fellas deg waṭas n tegnatin. Amedya, izaduren n usismel ussnan d usemmi n yimuddiren d usenmel-nsent d tukza-nsent gar n telmas niḍen. Akken i tmikcament tiẓrawsin d usismel ussnan deg "tussna n inagrawen n teẓrawsit", tusna-ayi tga d tasnarrayt yessexdamen tiskanin timezdiyin n imuddiren yeddan seg yimru imezdi aneggar i usileɣ n isekla yeṭṭafaren agenses n tdefrin seg yimru ɣer tarwa (neɣ ayen ittusemman s tfelwit n yifurken), akken i d-tessenmal tilisa n telmas d yifurken. S umata, taẓrawsit tuɣal d tin ilan tawla tagejdant deg inagrawen isnudranen i ussuneɣ d ugenses n useklu amehzan n tudert.

## Tiski n useklu isgensisen tiwsitin

## Amezruy

## Imniren
# Tinnagrawt

**Tinnagrawt** deg tussniwin n tudert d umezruy agaman d tussna tuzdigt n usismel n temsurta deg snat n talliyin (izri d yimal) d wassaɣ gar imuddiren deg talliyin. S tenfalit tamatant (s umata), d ayen ara ad yeǧǧen amdan ad yegzu (ad yefhem) amezruy anemhaz n tudert deg tegnit.

Tikwal, irem n tennagrawt d win yemmegdan (yemsawan) d yirem n usismel n tesnudert, akken i yezmer daɣen ad yemmerwi (ad yexleḍ) d usismel ussnan.

## Ifurken d isnasen

Inagmayen ssexdamen deg tezrawt n tinnagrawt tasnudrant ifurken yemgaraden i wakken ad rnun ad gzun (ad fehmen) aṭas ɣef wassaɣ gar imuddiren yemgaraden. Ifurken-a ttwasxedmen i wbeggen n isnasen d isexdimen n inagrawen itraren.

Tinnagrawin tisnudranin ssismilent tilmas s 3 n ifurken imezlayen. S usexdem n ifurken imezlayen, inagmayen zemren ad sbadun (ad beggnen) isnasen d isexdamen n tennagrawin n tallit tatrart.

Igburen n isnasen-a:

* Tazrawt n imuddiren de tukza (ameyyez) gar n imuddiren i negren d wid i zeddiɣ (mazal) ddren.
* Andar d useddu n yismawen ussnanen, d iglamen n telmas, d tiẓra timatanin yakk d usnay n isesmilen isnudranen d usismel n imezruyen inemhazen, d imezruyen n imuddiren.
* Assegzu n tuggtiwin tisnudranin deg tegnit.
* Aɣmar ɣef umadal agaman.

## Amezruy

## Timhazin tineggura

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Tasnudert

| tasnudert |
| --- |
| discipline scientifique (fr) , tugrint takidimant d tamuzzegt tagejdant n tezrawt |
|  |
| Isefka |
| Adu-smil n |
tusniwin tigmawin d tussna n tudert |
| Izerrew | vie (fr)  d amuddir |
| Hashtag (fr)  |
biology |
| Yettubeggen s |
tamhazt d nomenclature biologique (fr)  |
| Amezruy | histoire de la biologie (fr)  |
| Illal-itt |
asnudran d étudiant ou étudiante en biologie (fr)  |
| Site Stack Exchange (fr)  |
 |

Tabaktirit Escherichia Coli deg umkruskup
**Tasnudert** neɣ **tudrussna** d yiwet n tɣult n tussna i d-ilhan ɣef yakk imuddiren ama d iɣersiwen neɣ d imɣan neɣ d adalen. Taɣult-is tejmel-d tussna n ugama d imuddien s umata, maca imi tudert ugten-t deg-s talɣiwin d isellumen i ɣef tebna, tasnudert tetteṭṭef-d seg uswir alayan, ɣer win n tsilunt, d wudus, alamma d tagudt d unagraw awenḍan.

## Tazmilt
# Tussna

| tussna |
| --- |
| tugrint takidimant d Wissenschaft (fr)  |
|  |
| Isefka |
| Amur seg | STEM (fr)  |
| Aglam deg URL |
ladbible.com… |
| Hashtag (fr)  |
science |
| Yettubeggen s | preuve scientifique (fr) , arraz ussnan d discipline scientifique (fr)  |
| Amezruy | histoire des sciences (fr)  |
| Illal-itt | amusnaw d scientist trainee (en)  |
| Utilise (fr)  |
Tarrayt tusnant, terme scientifique (fr)  d terminologie scientifique (fr)  |
| Identifiant WordLift (fr)  |
 |
| URL n tummant n Mastodon |
  d  |

**Tussna** d ujemmal n timussniwin yerzan ɣef taggayin n ayen yellan, n tɣawsiwin neɣ n tumanin i yettswasumeren ɣur isuḍaf, ed/neɣ i yettḥeqqeqen s tarrayin tinermiyin.

## Tizmilin
# Amuddir

| amuddir |
| --- |
|  |
| Isefka |
| Adu-smil n | entité anatomique physique (fr)  d objet physique (fr)  |
| Amur seg | population (fr) , groupe d'êtres vivants (fr)  d Biota (mul)  |
| Yettwazraw s |
tasnudert d tussna n tudert |
| Tameskant n | vie (fr) , système vivant (fr)  d génome (fr)  |
| Utilise (fr)  |
tafasa, učči, aman, Uksijin d engrais (fr)  |
| Identifiant WordLift (fr)  |
 |
| Liste d'éléments (fr)  | liste des formes de vie (fr)  |

**Amuddir** (asget: **imuddiren**) d tamsukt yeddren dges igmanen yessemdun s igmanen n iden anda yal agman ittmuzil (ixeddem) kra n twuri ar taggara ttaken-d **Amuddir**
# Tasartut

Tasartut d tagluma yettwasemman tbedd ɣef waṭas n imuddiren ay d-teskken tasensartut akka: 1-Tagelda 2-Astirf 3-Asmil 4-Tafesna 5-tawacult 6-Tawsit 7-Talmest
**Tasartut** deg tasnudert d tiget tasuddist ilan (yesɛan) aṭas n imuddiren, yal tamsartut tla isem d agla-s, Akken daɣen yessefk ad tili s ddaw n yisem-is ussnan, dɣa ismawen-a d wid id yettwakksen ya seg tlatint neɣ seg tegrikt. Amedya, isem ussnan n ikerri d *Ovis aries* ma d ayaziḍ isem-is ussnan *Gallus gallus domesticus*, yerna yal tasartut tla adras amessarti d agla-s. Akken i d-yettili usesmel n imuddiren d tasartut ma yella mgaraden gugar-asen s yigelman isensilɣen d yiritanen s weswir ara ad yeǧǧen imsesmilen i wakken ad tmeggzen d tinnagrawt.

## Tasartut d tsensartut

## Adras amessarti

## Tasartut d umsedfeṛ amsessarti

## Aɣmis ussnan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Tasensartut (tasnudert)
# Adras amessarti

Idrasen imessartiyen igejdanen deg usesmel n Vulpes vulpes(*Taɣult*, *Tagelda*, *Adur*, *Asmil*, *Tafesna*, *Tawacult*, *Tawsit*, *Talmest*.)
**Adaras amessarti** d aswir amassaɣ deg uzamug n yesmilen. amedya, deg tsartut n tesnudert, ismilen n usesmel n temsartut gan d: Talmest, Tawsit, tawacult, asmil ... Atg.

Asismel n Linné yemmal-d amesdabu yettwasenglen ɣer 7 n **yidrasen igejdanen**, d 5 n **yidrasen ussinen**. Yettwammel-d s ubellez amnursuy (ordre décroissant), s talɣa ayi:

Imuddiren: **Tagelda** → **Adur**, **Agzam** → **Asmil** → **Tafesna** → **Tawacult** → Taɣreft → **Tawsit** → Tigezmi → Tamazrart → **Talmest** → Irzi → Talɣa.
**idrasen imernayen** am: «adu» , «afel», «azdar neɣ ader» gan d timerniwin ɣer isesmilen igejdanen amdya: adu-twacult, Afelfesna, Ader-adur ... atg.

**Talmest** temmal-d adras agejdan n usismel asensarti, yal tikkelt mi ara ad tali tseddaṛt n usesmel, yettali neɣ yettnerni wemcabi gar yigmamen (imɣan, iɣersiwen, iberčečča...).

## Isimilen igejdanen

|  |
| --- |
| **ismilen imesurta igejdanen** |
| Talatint | Taqbaylit |
| *regio* | Talɣut |
| *regnum* | Tagelda |
| *phylum* | *divisio* | Adur (deg Tasnaɣersiwt) | Agzam (deg Tasnimɣan) |
| *classis* | Asmil |
| *ordo* | Tafesna |
| *familia* | Tawacult |
| *genus* | tawsit |
| *species* | Talmest |

## Idrasen imessartiyen igejdanen

Idrasen imessartiyen ttwasxedmen deg tinnagrawt i usismel
(s usnay amnursuy):

* Amenkud, Afuɣal, Taɣult (*Superregnum, Imperium, Dominium*).
* **Tagelda** (**Regnum**).
* Adu-tgelda (*Subregnum*)
* Afurk (*Ramus*, « *branch* » s Teglizit).
* Azdar-tgelda (*Infraregnum*)
	+ Afel-adur, Afel-agzam (*Superphylum, Superdivisio*).
* Adur (*Divisio*).
	+ Adu-wadur, Adu-gzam (*Subphylum, Subdivisio*).
	+ Agzam (*Divisio*).
	+ Ader-adur (*Infraphylum*).
		- *Ifelasmil* (*Classis*).
		- **Asmil** (**Classis**).
		- Adu-smil (*Subclassis*).
		- Ader-asmil (*Infraclassis*).
			* Afelfesna (*Superordo*).
			* **Tafesna** (**Ordo**).
			* Adu-tfesna (*Subordo*).
			* Ader-tfesna (*Infraordo*).
			* Imzik-tfesna (*Microordo*).
				+ Afeltwacult (*Superfamilia*).
				+ **Tawacult** (**Familia**).
				+ Adu-twacult (*Subfamilia*)
				+ Taɣreft (*Tribus*).
				+ Adu-teɣreft (*Subtribus*).
					- **Tawsit** (**Genus**).
					- Adu-tewsit (*Subgenus':).*
					- Tigezmi (*Sectio*).
					- Adu-tgezmi (*Subsectio*).
						* **Talmest** (**Species**).
						* Adu-telmest (*subspecies*)- Adras asnudran amaddud (unṣib) aneggar.
						* Irzi, Azɣer gan d idrasen isnudranen irmadduden (arunṣib).
						* Adu-irzi (*subvarietas*) - Adu-zɣer gan d idrasen isnudranen irmadduden (irunṣiben).
						* Talɣa (*Forma*).
						* Adu-telɣa (*Subforma*).

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Tasartut n tesnudert
# Taɣult (tasnudert)

**Taɣult** (s Tlatinmirant: *dominium*) deg kra n isismilen isnudranen d aswir n wedras amezwaru sufell n tgelda. Tikwal yettwameggez d anamek n yirem amensay (**Amenkud**). Maca s umata tizmilin-a ur zeddint ara

## Amezruy

## Idrasen imessartiyen nniden

* Amenkud, Afuɣal, Taɣult (*Superregnum, Imperium, Dominium*)
* **Tagelda** (**Regnum**)
* Adu-tgelda (*Subregnum*)
* Afurk (*Ramus*, « *branch* » s Teglizit)
* Azdar-tgelda (*Infraregnum*)
	+ Afel-adur, Afel-agzam (*Superphylum, Superdivisio*)
	+ Adu-wadur, Adu-gzam (*Subphylum, Subdivisio*)
	+ Azdar-adur (*Infraphylum*)
		- *Ifelasmil* (*Classis*)
		- **Asmil** (**Classis**)
		- Adu-smil (*Subclassis*)
		- Azdar-smil (*Infraclassis*)
			* Afelfesna (*Superordo*)
			* **Tafesna** (**Ordo**)
			* Adu-tfesna (*Subordo*)
			* Azdar-tfesna (*Infraordo*)
			* Imzik-tfesna (*Microordo*)
				+ Afeltwacult (*Superfamilia*)
				+ **Tawacult** (**Familia**)
				+ Adu-twacult (*Subfamilia*)
				+ Taɣreft (*Tribus*)
				+ Adu-teɣreft (*Subtribus*)
					- **Tawsit** (**Genus**)
					- Adu-tewsit (*Subgenus':)*
					- Tigezmi (*Sectio*)
					- Adu-tgezmi (*Subsectio*)
						* **Talmest** (**Species**)
						* Adu-telmest (*subspecies*)- Adras asnudran amaddud (unṣib) aneggar
						* Irzi, Azɣer gan d idrasen isnudranen irmadduden (arunṣib)
						* Adu-rzi (*subvarietas*) - Adu-zɣer gan d idrasen isnudranen irmadduden
						* Talɣa (*Forma*)
						* Adu-telɣa (*Subforma*)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
# Asismel n Linné

**Asismel n Linnaeus** deg tussniwin tigmawin d tamudemt n usenmala n telmas n imuddiren, anda Linnaeus yexdem ɣef usnefli d usheri (asewseɛ) n unagraw n usismel n Aristot d usmutti-ynes (convertir) ɣer unagraw ussnan. Akken iy gguni Linnaeus ɣef telɣa n umuddir d tkelli-ines di twennaṭṭ-is. Tarrayt n Linnaeus deg usemmi n imuddiren tettwasemma s usiseɣ imisin. Dɣa d anecta iy meyyzen gar n unagraw-is d unagraw n Aristot, yerna zeddiɣ (mazal-it) ibedd ar ass-a.

## Asudes n temsurta

## Isismilen yemgaraden

## Ẓeṛ daɣen